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Papers by Frantisek Baluska

Plant Journal, Feb 23, 2023

SUMMARYThe supply of boron (B) alleviates the toxic effects of aluminum (Al) on root growth; howe... more SUMMARYThe supply of boron (B) alleviates the toxic effects of aluminum (Al) on root growth; however, the mechanistic basis of this process remains elusive. This study filled this knowledge gap, demonstrating that boron modifies auxin distribution and transport in Al‐exposed Arabidopsis roots. In B‐deprived roots, treatment with Al induced an increase in auxin content in the root apical meristem zone (MZ) and transition zone (TZ), whereas in the elongation zone (EZ) the auxin content was decreased beyond the level required for adequate growth. These distribution patterns are explained by the fact that basipetal auxin transport from the TZ to the EZ was disrupted by Al‐inhibited PIN‐FORMED 2 (PIN2) endocytosis. Experiments involving the modulation of protein biosynthesis by cycloheximide (CHX) and transcriptional regulation by cordycepin (COR) demonstrated that the Al‐induced increase of PIN2 membrane proteins was dependent upon the inhibition of PIN2 endocytosis, rather than on the transcriptional regulation of the PIN2 gene. Experiments reporting on the profiling of Al3+ and PIN2 proteins revealed that the inhibition of endocytosis of PIN2 proteins was the result of Al‐induced limitation of the fluidity of the plasma membrane. The supply of B mediated the turnover of PIN2 endosomes conjugated with indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA), and thus restored the Al‐induced inhibition of IAA transport through the TZ to the EZ. Overall, the reported results demonstrate that boron supply mediates PIN2 endosome‐based auxin transport to alleviate Al toxicity in plant roots.

Trends in Plant Science, 2019

Trends in Plant Science, Aug 1, 2020

Journal of Consciousness Studies, 2021

Environment control in biology, 2016

BioEssays, 2007

Cytokinesis ensures proper partitioning of the nucleocytoplasmic contents into two daughter cells... more Cytokinesis ensures proper partitioning of the nucleocytoplasmic contents into two daughter cells. It has generally been thought that cytokinesis is accomplished differently in animals and plants because of the differences in the preparatory phases, into the centrosomal or acentrosomal nature of the process, the presence or absence of rigid cell walls, and on the basis of ‘outside‐in’ or ‘inside‐out’ mechanism. However, this long‐standing paradigm needs further reevaluation based on new findings. Recent advances reveal that plant cells, similarly to animal cells, possess astral microtubules that regulate the cell division plane. Furthermore, endocytosis has been found to be important for cytokinesis in animal and plant cells: vesicles containing endocytosed cargo provide material for the cell plate formation in plants and for closure of the midbody channel in animals. Thus, although the preparatory phases of the cell division process differ between plant and animal cells, the later phases show similarities. We unify these findings in a model that suggests a conserved mode of cytokinesis. BioEssays 29:371–381, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The adaptation of plants to biotic and abiotic stress depends on their abilities to sense their s... more The adaptation of plants to biotic and abiotic stress depends on their abilities to sense their surroundings and to generate and transmit corresponding signals to different parts of their body that can evoke changes necessary for optimizing growth and defense. Light has been shown to be one of the key environmental factors that modulate the physiology of both plants and animals via the diverse photoreceptors found in them. Both plants and animals contain a large repertoire of intra- and intercellular signals molecules that include organic and inorganic. One such molecule is a neurotransmitter, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a non-protein amino acid, that rapidly accumulates in plant tissues in response to biotic and abiotic stress and regulates plant growth. Lots of research has been done on GABA in plants for slightly more than half a century now: Its discovery in plant tissues was immediately followed by physiological and biochemical studies. Thereafter molecular-genetics era of cloning the genes encoding the GABA shunt enzymes and transporters, and recombinant expression and purification of the enzymes in vitro to elucidate their regulatory properties and substrate specificity was established. Recently the discovery of the first bona fide GABA target proteins in plants, the ALMTs suggest that GABA indeed could be one of the signaling molecules in plants. All this research did not address in detail the relationship between light and GABA. To better understand the role of GABA in relation to light we set up six light conditions to investigate the changes in the hypocotyl and root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana under different light conditions, including total light, total dark, light blocker, gradient light, shoot dark, shoot dark with blocker. We treated the seedlings with 3-MPA, a GABA inhibitor, using different concentrations grown under different light conditions between 24 to 96 h. Our results show that both the root and hypocotyl are modulated by GABA when grown under different light conditions. These results clearly suggest a link in the signaling pathway of GABA with photoreceptor signaling pathways.

EMBO Reports, Mar 3, 2012

Mycological Progress, Sep 1, 2019

Environmental Control in Biology, 2016

Frontiers in Plant Science, May 24, 2021

Plant and Soil, Nov 23, 2017

Signaling and communication in plants, 2015

Aluminum Signaling and Potential Links with Safener-Induced Detoxification in Plants.- Transcript... more Aluminum Signaling and Potential Links with Safener-Induced Detoxification in Plants.- Transcriptional Regulation of Al Tolerance in Plants.- Aluminum-Dependent Root Growth Inhibition as Mediated by DNA Damage Responses.- Signaling Pathways of Aluminum-induced Programmed Cell Death in Higher Plants.- Mechanisms of Hyper-resistance and Hyper-tolerance to Aluminum in Plants.- Significant Role of the Plasma Membrane Lipid Bilayers in Aluminum Tolerance of Plants.- Breeding for Al Tolerance by Unravelling Genetic Diversity in Bread Wheat.- Rice Arsenal Against Aluminum Toxicity.- The Molecular Physiology and Regulation of Aluminum Resistance in Higher Plants.- Physiological and Molecular Regulation of Aluminum Resistance in Woody Plant Species.- Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Acidic Soils and Their Contribution to Aluminum Phytotoxicity Alleviation.- Specificity of Ion Uptake and Homeostasis Maintenance During Acid and Aluminium Stresses.- Aluminium-Induced Inhibition of Root Growth - Roles of Cell Wall Assembly, Structure and Function.

Progress in Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Oct 1, 2020

Plant Journal, Feb 23, 2023

SUMMARYThe supply of boron (B) alleviates the toxic effects of aluminum (Al) on root growth; howe... more SUMMARYThe supply of boron (B) alleviates the toxic effects of aluminum (Al) on root growth; however, the mechanistic basis of this process remains elusive. This study filled this knowledge gap, demonstrating that boron modifies auxin distribution and transport in Al‐exposed Arabidopsis roots. In B‐deprived roots, treatment with Al induced an increase in auxin content in the root apical meristem zone (MZ) and transition zone (TZ), whereas in the elongation zone (EZ) the auxin content was decreased beyond the level required for adequate growth. These distribution patterns are explained by the fact that basipetal auxin transport from the TZ to the EZ was disrupted by Al‐inhibited PIN‐FORMED 2 (PIN2) endocytosis. Experiments involving the modulation of protein biosynthesis by cycloheximide (CHX) and transcriptional regulation by cordycepin (COR) demonstrated that the Al‐induced increase of PIN2 membrane proteins was dependent upon the inhibition of PIN2 endocytosis, rather than on the transcriptional regulation of the PIN2 gene. Experiments reporting on the profiling of Al3+ and PIN2 proteins revealed that the inhibition of endocytosis of PIN2 proteins was the result of Al‐induced limitation of the fluidity of the plasma membrane. The supply of B mediated the turnover of PIN2 endosomes conjugated with indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA), and thus restored the Al‐induced inhibition of IAA transport through the TZ to the EZ. Overall, the reported results demonstrate that boron supply mediates PIN2 endosome‐based auxin transport to alleviate Al toxicity in plant roots.

Trends in Plant Science, 2019

Trends in Plant Science, Aug 1, 2020

Journal of Consciousness Studies, 2021

Environment control in biology, 2016

BioEssays, 2007

Cytokinesis ensures proper partitioning of the nucleocytoplasmic contents into two daughter cells... more Cytokinesis ensures proper partitioning of the nucleocytoplasmic contents into two daughter cells. It has generally been thought that cytokinesis is accomplished differently in animals and plants because of the differences in the preparatory phases, into the centrosomal or acentrosomal nature of the process, the presence or absence of rigid cell walls, and on the basis of ‘outside‐in’ or ‘inside‐out’ mechanism. However, this long‐standing paradigm needs further reevaluation based on new findings. Recent advances reveal that plant cells, similarly to animal cells, possess astral microtubules that regulate the cell division plane. Furthermore, endocytosis has been found to be important for cytokinesis in animal and plant cells: vesicles containing endocytosed cargo provide material for the cell plate formation in plants and for closure of the midbody channel in animals. Thus, although the preparatory phases of the cell division process differ between plant and animal cells, the later phases show similarities. We unify these findings in a model that suggests a conserved mode of cytokinesis. BioEssays 29:371–381, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The adaptation of plants to biotic and abiotic stress depends on their abilities to sense their s... more The adaptation of plants to biotic and abiotic stress depends on their abilities to sense their surroundings and to generate and transmit corresponding signals to different parts of their body that can evoke changes necessary for optimizing growth and defense. Light has been shown to be one of the key environmental factors that modulate the physiology of both plants and animals via the diverse photoreceptors found in them. Both plants and animals contain a large repertoire of intra- and intercellular signals molecules that include organic and inorganic. One such molecule is a neurotransmitter, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a non-protein amino acid, that rapidly accumulates in plant tissues in response to biotic and abiotic stress and regulates plant growth. Lots of research has been done on GABA in plants for slightly more than half a century now: Its discovery in plant tissues was immediately followed by physiological and biochemical studies. Thereafter molecular-genetics era of cloning the genes encoding the GABA shunt enzymes and transporters, and recombinant expression and purification of the enzymes in vitro to elucidate their regulatory properties and substrate specificity was established. Recently the discovery of the first bona fide GABA target proteins in plants, the ALMTs suggest that GABA indeed could be one of the signaling molecules in plants. All this research did not address in detail the relationship between light and GABA. To better understand the role of GABA in relation to light we set up six light conditions to investigate the changes in the hypocotyl and root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana under different light conditions, including total light, total dark, light blocker, gradient light, shoot dark, shoot dark with blocker. We treated the seedlings with 3-MPA, a GABA inhibitor, using different concentrations grown under different light conditions between 24 to 96 h. Our results show that both the root and hypocotyl are modulated by GABA when grown under different light conditions. These results clearly suggest a link in the signaling pathway of GABA with photoreceptor signaling pathways.

EMBO Reports, Mar 3, 2012

Mycological Progress, Sep 1, 2019

Environmental Control in Biology, 2016

Frontiers in Plant Science, May 24, 2021

Plant and Soil, Nov 23, 2017

Signaling and communication in plants, 2015

Aluminum Signaling and Potential Links with Safener-Induced Detoxification in Plants.- Transcript... more Aluminum Signaling and Potential Links with Safener-Induced Detoxification in Plants.- Transcriptional Regulation of Al Tolerance in Plants.- Aluminum-Dependent Root Growth Inhibition as Mediated by DNA Damage Responses.- Signaling Pathways of Aluminum-induced Programmed Cell Death in Higher Plants.- Mechanisms of Hyper-resistance and Hyper-tolerance to Aluminum in Plants.- Significant Role of the Plasma Membrane Lipid Bilayers in Aluminum Tolerance of Plants.- Breeding for Al Tolerance by Unravelling Genetic Diversity in Bread Wheat.- Rice Arsenal Against Aluminum Toxicity.- The Molecular Physiology and Regulation of Aluminum Resistance in Higher Plants.- Physiological and Molecular Regulation of Aluminum Resistance in Woody Plant Species.- Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Acidic Soils and Their Contribution to Aluminum Phytotoxicity Alleviation.- Specificity of Ion Uptake and Homeostasis Maintenance During Acid and Aluminium Stresses.- Aluminium-Induced Inhibition of Root Growth - Roles of Cell Wall Assembly, Structure and Function.

Progress in Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Oct 1, 2020

The slime mould Physarum polycephalum has been used in developing un-conventional computing devic... more The slime mould Physarum polycephalum has been used in developing un-conventional computing devices for in which the slime mould played a role of a sensing, actuating, and computing device. These devices treated the slime mould rather as an active living substrate yet the slime mould is a self-consistent living creature which evolved for millions of years and occupied most part of the world, but in any case, that living entity did not own true cognition, just automated biochemical mechanisms. To " rehabilitate " the slime mould from the rank of a purely living electronics element to a " creature of thoughts " we are analyzing the cognitive potential of P. polycephalum. We base our theory of minimal cognition of the slime mould on a bottom-up approach, from the biological and biophysical nature of the slime mould and its regulatory systems using frameworks suh as Lyons biogenic cognition, Muller, di Primio-Lengeler´s modifiable pathways, Bateson's " patterns that connect " framework, Maturanas autopoetic network, or proto-consciousness and Morgans Canon.