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Papers by Fred Fredrick Bangara

Research paper thumbnail of SARS-CoV-2 Prevalence in Malawi Based on Data from Survey of Communities and Health Workers in 5 High-Burden Districts, October 2020

Emerging Infectious Diseases

Research paper thumbnail of Geospatial Transmission Hotspots of Recent HIV Infection — Malawi, October 2019–March 2020

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Mar 4, 2022

* As defined by the HIV-1 recent infection surveillance using point-of-care test for recent infec... more * As defined by the HIV-1 recent infection surveillance using point-of-care test for recent infection in Malawi protocol.

Research paper thumbnail of Histological Subtypes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma D Iagnosed at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common f rm of primary hepatic tumour which develops f... more Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common f rm of primary hepatic tumour which develops from hepatocytes and is the 5 th most common cancer worldwide. A greater burden of HCC occurs due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepat itis C viruses (HCV) which are endemic in regions that are mostly resource constrained sub-Sa haran Africa. HCC may also occur due to exposure to aflatoxin B1 and chronic alcoholism. This study was carried out to determine the distribution of HCC subtypes at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. Aim: To determine the distribution of the histological s ubtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma across all ages and sex groups at the University Teaching Hosp ital, Lusaka. Materials/Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study tha t w s conducted at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) from February 20 16 to July 2016.These were tissues diagnosed as HCC from January 2012 to December 2015. Seventee narchival formalin-fixed paraffin embedded ...

Research paper thumbnail of Histological Subtypes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Diagnosed at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary hepatic tumour which develops f... more Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary hepatic tumour which develops from hepatocytes and is the 5 th most common cancer worldwide. A greater burden of HCC occurs due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C viruses (HCV) which are endemic in regions that are mostly resource constrained sub-Saharan Africa. HCC may also occur due to exposure to aflatoxin B1 and chronic alcoholism. This study was carried out to determine the distribution of HCC subtypes at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. Aim: To determine the distribution of the histological subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma across all ages and sex groups at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka. Materials/Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study that was conducted at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH)-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) liver biopsy specimen blocks were obtained, sectioned, re-stained and examined histologically. Tissues were cut for histological an...

Research paper thumbnail of Histological Subtypes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma D Iagnosed at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common f rm of primary hepatic tumour which develops f... more Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common f rm of primary hepatic tumour which develops from hepatocytes and is the 5 th most common cancer worldwide. A greater burden of HCC occurs due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepat itis C viruses (HCV) which are endemic in regions that are mostly resource constrained sub-Sa haran Africa. HCC may also occur due to exposure to aflatoxin B1 and chronic alcoholism. This study was carried out to determine the distribution of HCC subtypes at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. Aim: To determine the distribution of the histological s ubtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma across all ages and sex groups at the University Teaching Hosp ital, Lusaka. Materials/Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study tha t w s conducted at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) from February 20 16 to July 2016.These were tissues diagnosed as HCC from January 2012 to December 2015. Seventee narchival formalin-fixed paraffin embedded ...

Research paper thumbnail of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Antibiotic Resistance Among Pharmacists at the University Teaching Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia

Journal of Harmonized Research in Pharmacy

Background: Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of antibiotic prescription amo... more Background: Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of antibiotic prescription among doctors may help in developing guidelines to improve antibiotics use and decrease resistance. Aims and objectives: Our aim was to evaluate KAP regarding antibiotic use and its resistance among doctors. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional, questionnaire based study was conducted among the doctors of B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal between January-March 2016 and their KAP regarding antibiotic use and resistance was assessed by using a five point Likert scale. The data were analyzed by calculating percentage and frequency. Results: Almost half of the doctors (50.2%) used to prescribe antibiotics more than once daily. Nearly two thirds of the doctors (65.3%) received antibiotic education at a formal lecture on ward rounds. Most of the doctors (87.4%) agreed that antimicrobials are overused. One hundred thirty four doctors (42.3%) agreed that patients' demands for antibiotics contribute to its overuse. Nearly two third doctors (70.7%) believed that locally developed antimicrobial guidelines would be more useful. Most of the respondents (89.9%) wanted more ongoing education on antibiotic use and its resistance. Conclusions: Our study reveals that antibiotics are overused and patients' demand contributes to this. Locally developed antimicrobial guidelines would be more useful. More CME on antibiotic use and its resistance should be conducted to enhance the awareness among doctors.

Research paper thumbnail of Histological Characterization of Invasive Cervical Cancer and Precursor Lesions in Malawian Women Presenting at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH): A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Virology & Antiviral Research

Research paper thumbnail of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Antibiotic Resistance Among Pharmacists at the University Teaching Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia

Journal of Harmonized Research in Pharmacy, Jun 30, 2019

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health problem that has been exac... more Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health problem that has been exacerbated by the overuse of antimicrobial agents 1. Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a global public health challenge that has led to an increase in morbidity and mortality rates 2. Antibiotics are routinely used for various infections in hospitals and communities and Abstract: Antibiotic resistance is a global public health problem that affects everyone. This study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitude, and practices on antibiotic resistance among pharmacists at the University Teaching Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia. This descriptive cross-sectional study was done among 46 randomly selected hospital pharmacists from November 2018 to February 2019. Data was analysed using Statistical Packaging for Social Sciences version 20. Statistical associations were done using Chi-square, Wilcoxon-Mann Whitney and McNemar-Bowker test. Statistical significance was conducted at 95% confidence level with a p<0.05 to indicate statistical significance. The majority of participants 24/46 (52%) were males while 22/46 (48%) were females (p=0.883). Majority of the participants were in the age group of 26-30 years old (p=0.010), the minimum age was 23 and maximum age was 47 years, mean age was 32.11 years, a standard deviation of 6.533, p=0.263. The majority of participants 28/46 (61%) were married (p=0.185), the majority of participants 24/46 (52%) had worked for a period of 1-5 years (p<0.001). All participants 46/46 (100%) were pharmacists (p<0.001) and were all Christians (p<0.001). Majority of the participants had adequate knowledge, positive attitude and good practices towards antibiotic resistance based on their responses to the questionnaire. Statistical tests showed no association between knowledge and attitude (p=0.693), knowledge and practices (p=0.409), and between attitude and practices (p=0.226). The majority of pharmacists at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka have good knowledge, positive attitude and good practices towards antibiotic resistance. Additionally, there was no association between knowledge and attitude (p=0.693), knowledge and practices (p=0.409), and attitude and practices (p=0.226).

Research paper thumbnail of SARS-CoV-2 Prevalence in Malawi Based on Data from Survey of Communities and Health Workers in 5 High-Burden Districts, October 2020

Emerging Infectious Diseases

Research paper thumbnail of Geospatial Transmission Hotspots of Recent HIV Infection — Malawi, October 2019–March 2020

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Mar 4, 2022

* As defined by the HIV-1 recent infection surveillance using point-of-care test for recent infec... more * As defined by the HIV-1 recent infection surveillance using point-of-care test for recent infection in Malawi protocol.

Research paper thumbnail of Histological Subtypes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma D Iagnosed at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common f rm of primary hepatic tumour which develops f... more Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common f rm of primary hepatic tumour which develops from hepatocytes and is the 5 th most common cancer worldwide. A greater burden of HCC occurs due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepat itis C viruses (HCV) which are endemic in regions that are mostly resource constrained sub-Sa haran Africa. HCC may also occur due to exposure to aflatoxin B1 and chronic alcoholism. This study was carried out to determine the distribution of HCC subtypes at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. Aim: To determine the distribution of the histological s ubtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma across all ages and sex groups at the University Teaching Hosp ital, Lusaka. Materials/Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study tha t w s conducted at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) from February 20 16 to July 2016.These were tissues diagnosed as HCC from January 2012 to December 2015. Seventee narchival formalin-fixed paraffin embedded ...

Research paper thumbnail of Histological Subtypes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Diagnosed at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary hepatic tumour which develops f... more Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary hepatic tumour which develops from hepatocytes and is the 5 th most common cancer worldwide. A greater burden of HCC occurs due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C viruses (HCV) which are endemic in regions that are mostly resource constrained sub-Saharan Africa. HCC may also occur due to exposure to aflatoxin B1 and chronic alcoholism. This study was carried out to determine the distribution of HCC subtypes at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. Aim: To determine the distribution of the histological subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma across all ages and sex groups at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka. Materials/Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study that was conducted at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH)-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) liver biopsy specimen blocks were obtained, sectioned, re-stained and examined histologically. Tissues were cut for histological an...

Research paper thumbnail of Histological Subtypes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma D Iagnosed at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common f rm of primary hepatic tumour which develops f... more Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common f rm of primary hepatic tumour which develops from hepatocytes and is the 5 th most common cancer worldwide. A greater burden of HCC occurs due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepat itis C viruses (HCV) which are endemic in regions that are mostly resource constrained sub-Sa haran Africa. HCC may also occur due to exposure to aflatoxin B1 and chronic alcoholism. This study was carried out to determine the distribution of HCC subtypes at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. Aim: To determine the distribution of the histological s ubtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma across all ages and sex groups at the University Teaching Hosp ital, Lusaka. Materials/Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study tha t w s conducted at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) from February 20 16 to July 2016.These were tissues diagnosed as HCC from January 2012 to December 2015. Seventee narchival formalin-fixed paraffin embedded ...

Research paper thumbnail of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Antibiotic Resistance Among Pharmacists at the University Teaching Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia

Journal of Harmonized Research in Pharmacy

Background: Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of antibiotic prescription amo... more Background: Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of antibiotic prescription among doctors may help in developing guidelines to improve antibiotics use and decrease resistance. Aims and objectives: Our aim was to evaluate KAP regarding antibiotic use and its resistance among doctors. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional, questionnaire based study was conducted among the doctors of B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal between January-March 2016 and their KAP regarding antibiotic use and resistance was assessed by using a five point Likert scale. The data were analyzed by calculating percentage and frequency. Results: Almost half of the doctors (50.2%) used to prescribe antibiotics more than once daily. Nearly two thirds of the doctors (65.3%) received antibiotic education at a formal lecture on ward rounds. Most of the doctors (87.4%) agreed that antimicrobials are overused. One hundred thirty four doctors (42.3%) agreed that patients' demands for antibiotics contribute to its overuse. Nearly two third doctors (70.7%) believed that locally developed antimicrobial guidelines would be more useful. Most of the respondents (89.9%) wanted more ongoing education on antibiotic use and its resistance. Conclusions: Our study reveals that antibiotics are overused and patients' demand contributes to this. Locally developed antimicrobial guidelines would be more useful. More CME on antibiotic use and its resistance should be conducted to enhance the awareness among doctors.

Research paper thumbnail of Histological Characterization of Invasive Cervical Cancer and Precursor Lesions in Malawian Women Presenting at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH): A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Virology & Antiviral Research

Research paper thumbnail of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Antibiotic Resistance Among Pharmacists at the University Teaching Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia

Journal of Harmonized Research in Pharmacy, Jun 30, 2019

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health problem that has been exac... more Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health problem that has been exacerbated by the overuse of antimicrobial agents 1. Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a global public health challenge that has led to an increase in morbidity and mortality rates 2. Antibiotics are routinely used for various infections in hospitals and communities and Abstract: Antibiotic resistance is a global public health problem that affects everyone. This study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitude, and practices on antibiotic resistance among pharmacists at the University Teaching Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia. This descriptive cross-sectional study was done among 46 randomly selected hospital pharmacists from November 2018 to February 2019. Data was analysed using Statistical Packaging for Social Sciences version 20. Statistical associations were done using Chi-square, Wilcoxon-Mann Whitney and McNemar-Bowker test. Statistical significance was conducted at 95% confidence level with a p<0.05 to indicate statistical significance. The majority of participants 24/46 (52%) were males while 22/46 (48%) were females (p=0.883). Majority of the participants were in the age group of 26-30 years old (p=0.010), the minimum age was 23 and maximum age was 47 years, mean age was 32.11 years, a standard deviation of 6.533, p=0.263. The majority of participants 28/46 (61%) were married (p=0.185), the majority of participants 24/46 (52%) had worked for a period of 1-5 years (p<0.001). All participants 46/46 (100%) were pharmacists (p<0.001) and were all Christians (p<0.001). Majority of the participants had adequate knowledge, positive attitude and good practices towards antibiotic resistance based on their responses to the questionnaire. Statistical tests showed no association between knowledge and attitude (p=0.693), knowledge and practices (p=0.409), and between attitude and practices (p=0.226). The majority of pharmacists at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka have good knowledge, positive attitude and good practices towards antibiotic resistance. Additionally, there was no association between knowledge and attitude (p=0.693), knowledge and practices (p=0.409), and attitude and practices (p=0.226).