Fred Muehlbauer - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Fred Muehlbauer

European Journal of Plant Pathology - EUR J PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2007

Brazil and Ecuador and as a consultant to the World Bank in Mexico and Bolivia. Bob was well reco... more Brazil and Ecuador and as a consultant to the World Bank in Mexico and Bolivia. Bob was well recognized as a hard worker and productive researcher with a friendly outgoing manner and smile for everyone. He is survived by his wife Soraia, two sons, Robert and Peter, and a daughter, Gabriella. Bob was a good friend of the Ascochyta and Sclerotinia communities and will be sorely missed.

International audienceThrough the decades of research on various legume species and crops worldwi... more International audienceThrough the decades of research on various legume species and crops worldwide, its results have been published in an endless number of national and international journals and magazines dealing with various topics. It is certain that the articles on genetics, propelled by Mendel’s pioneering work, are among the most numerous, but it is also true that those on agronomy, agro-ecology, or stress tolerance were produced rather abundantly. So far, there has not been a journal devoted specifically to legume science, except Legume Research published by the Agricultural Research Communication Centre, India. We have published our articles in several crop-specific journals, such as Bean Improvement Cooperative Annual Report, Journal of Lentil Research, Lathyrus Lathyrism Newsletter, Pisum Genetics or Soybean Genetics Newsletter: however, some of these no longer exist. A unique publication in the world of legume science, research and promotion was Grain Legumes, published ...

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 1999

Plant breeders must be aware of sources of resistance to pathogens that affect their crops. Fusar... more Plant breeders must be aware of sources of resistance to pathogens that affect their crops. Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp. pisi Snyd. & Hans. is a fungal disease that affects peas and is important worldwide. Resistance to the different races of the pathogen has been identified in adapted germplasm and from specific accessions in the United States World Collection of peas (Pisum sativum L.). The goal of this study was to evaluate the resistance to fusarium wilt race 2 in the Pisum core collection. Of the 452 accessions screened, 62 (14%) were resistant. The resistant accessions included accessions from P.s. ssp. elatius that were collected from 24 different countries. The wide distribution of resistance around the world precludes the identification of any single country or region as a source of resistance. Of the 62 accessions resistant to race 2, 39 are also resistant to race 1 based on data obtained from GRIN. One of the wild progenitors, PI 344012, possess...

Journal of Plant Registrations, 2008

of green pea (Pisum sativum L.) were selected from a recombinant inbred line population developed... more of green pea (Pisum sativum L.) were selected from a recombinant inbred line population developed by the USDA-ARS in 2000. These lines are unique in combining high levels of resistance to Fusarium root rot [caused

Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2003

A chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) library from germplasm lin... more A chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) library from germplasm line, FLIP 84-92C, was constructed to facilitate positional cloning of disease resistance genes and physical mapping of the genome. The BAC library has 23,780 colonies and was calculated to comprise approximately 3.8 haploid-genome equivalents. Studies on 120 randomly chosen clones revealed an average insert size of 100 kb and no empty clones. Colony hybridization using the RUBP carboxylase large subunit as a probe resulted in a very low percentage of chloroplast DNA contamination. Two clones with a combined insert size of 200 kb were isolated after the library was screened with a Sequence Tagged Microsatellite Site (STMS) marker, Ta96, which is tightly linked to a gene ( Foc3) for resistance to fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.: Fr. f. sp. ciceris (Padwick) race 3 at a genetic distance of 1 cM. Also, these two clones were analyzed with several resistance gene analog (RGA) markers. End sequencing of these clones did not identify repetitive sequences. The development of the BAC library will facilitate isolation of Foc3 and allow us to perform physical mapping of this genomic region where additional R genes against other races of the wilt causing pathogen are positioned.

Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2008

The small genome size (740 Mb), short life cycle (3 months) and high economic importance as a foo... more The small genome size (740 Mb), short life cycle (3 months) and high economic importance as a food crop legume make chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) an important system for genomics research. Although several genetic linkage maps using various markers and genomic tools have become available, sequencing eVorts and their use are limited in chickpea genomic research. In this study, we explored the genome organization of chickpea by sequencing approximately 500 kb from 11 BAC clones (three representing ascochyta blight resistance QTL1 (ABR-QTL1) and eight randomly selected BAC clones). Our analysis revealed that these sequenced chickpea genomic regions have a gene density of one per 9.2 kb, an average gene length of 2,500 bp, an average of 4.7 exons per gene, with an average exon and intron size of 401 and 316 bp, respectively, and approximately 8.6% repetitive elements. Other features analyzed included exon and intron length, number of exons per gene, protein length and %GC content. Although there are reports on high synteny among legume genomes, the microsynteny between the 500 kb chickpea and available Medicago truncatula genomic sequences varied depending on the region analyzed. The GBrowse-based annotation of these BACs is available at http://www.genome.ou.edu/plants_totals.html. We believe that our work provides signiWcant information that supports a chickpea genome sequencing eVort in the future. P. N. Rajesh and M. O'Bleness have contributed equally. Communicated by D. A. Hoisington.

Plant Disease, 2005

Genetics of resistance in chickpea accession WR-315 to Fusarium wilt was investigated, and a conc... more Genetics of resistance in chickpea accession WR-315 to Fusarium wilt was investigated, and a concise set of differentials was developed to identify races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. A population of 100 F7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross of WR-315 (resistant) and C-104 (susceptible) was used to study genetics of resistance to races 1A, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, and a population of 26 F2 plants from a cross between the same two parents was used to study inheritance of resistance to race 2. Segregations of the RILs for resistance to each of the five races suggest that single genes in WR-315 govern resistance to each of the five races. A 1:3 resistant to susceptible ratio in the F2 population indicated that resistance in WR-315 to race 2 was governed by a single recessive gene. A race-specific slow disease progress reaction was observed in chickpea line FLIP84-92C(3) to infection by race 2, a phenomenon termed as slow wilting, that is differen...

Phytopathology®, 2005

Development of pea cultivars resistant to Aphanomyces root rot, the most destructive root disease... more Development of pea cultivars resistant to Aphanomyces root rot, the most destructive root disease of pea worldwide, is a major disease management objective. In a previous study of a mapping population of 127 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross ‘Puget’ (susceptible) × ‘90-2079’ (partially resistant), we identified seven genomic regions, including a major quantitative trait locus (QTL), Aph1, associated with partial resistance to Aphanomyces root rot in U.S. fields (21). The objective of the present study was to evaluate, in the same mapping population, the specificity versus consistency of Aphanomyces resistance QTL under two screening conditions (greenhouse and field, by comparison with the previous study) and with two isolates of Aphanomyces euteiches originating from the United States and France. The 127 RILs were evaluated in the greenhouse for resistance to pure culture isolates SP7 (United States) and Ae106 (France). Using the genetic map previously described...

European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2007

Ascochyta blight causes significant yield loss in pulse crops worldwide. Integrated disease manag... more Ascochyta blight causes significant yield loss in pulse crops worldwide. Integrated disease management is essential to take advantage of cultivars with partial resistance to this disease. The most effective practices, established by decades of research, use a combination of disease-free seed, destruction or avoidance of inoculum sources, manipulation of sowing dates, seed and foliar fungicides, and cultivars with improved resistance. An understanding of the pathosystems and the interrelationship between host, pathogen and the environment is essential to be able to make correct decisions for disease control without compromising the agronomic or economic ideal. For individual pathosystems, some components of the integrated management principles may need to be given greater consideration than others. For instance, destruction of infested residue may be incompatible with no or minimum tillage practices, or rotation intervals may need to be extended in environments that slow the speed of residue decomposition. For ascochyta-susceptible chickpeas the use of disease-free seed, or seed treatments, is crucial as seed-borne infection is highly effective as primary inoculum and epidemics develop rapidly from foci in favourable conditions. Implemented fungicide strategies differ according to cultivar resistance and the control efficacy of fungicides, and the effectiveness of genetic resistance varies according to seasonal conditions. Studies are being undertaken to develop advanced decision support tools to assist growers in making more informed decisions regarding fungicide and agronomic practices for disease control.

European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2007

Ascochyta blights are the most important diseases of cool season food legumes (peas, lentils, chi... more Ascochyta blights are the most important diseases of cool season food legumes (peas, lentils, chickpeas, and faba beans) and are found in nearly all production regions. Despite having the same common disease name, the pathogen species differ for each of the crops. These diseases cause serious yield losses under favourable cool and humid conditions. Planting resistant cultivars is often the first choice and most economical means in managing the diseases. Therefore breeding for resistance to ascochyta blights has been an important objective of many cool season food legume research programmes. Systematic screening of germplasm collections at international research centres and other national research programmes have identified useful resistance sources that have been used successfully to breed resistant or tolerant cultivars. Genetic studies have revealed inheritance patterns of the resistance genes. Genetic linkage analyses and QTL mapping have identified molecular markers that could be useful for markerassisted selection and gene pyramiding. In general, research towards developing resistance to ascochyta blights in cool season food legume faces mainly two limitations: the lack of availability of efficient resistance sources and the lack of a good understanding of the variability of the pathogen populations. Research efforts to alleviate these limitations should be pursued. Given that modern technologies of marker development and genomics are available, further advances in deploying resistance to manage ascochyta blights in this group of legume crops will depend on concerted efforts in developing accurate screening procedures with adequate knowledge of pathogen variability and identification of additional sources of resistance. Keywords Disease resistance Á Quantitative trait loci Á Marker assisted selection Á Disease screening Á Inheritance Á Breeding for disease resistance Á Pisum sativum Á Peas Á Lens culinaris Á Lentil Á Cicer arietinum Á Chickpea Á Vicia faba Á Faba bean

Euphytica, 2008

Chickpea genetic mapping has been hampered by insufficient amplicon length polymorphism for seque... more Chickpea genetic mapping has been hampered by insufficient amplicon length polymorphism for sequence based markers. To develop an alternative source of polymorphic markers, we determined naturally abundant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in coding and genomic regions between FLIP 84-92C (C. arietinum) and PI 599072 (C. reticulatum) and identified an inexpensive method to detect SNP for mapping. In coding sequences, 110 single base changes or substitutions (47% transitions and 53% transversions) and 18 indels were found; while 50 single base changes (68% transitions and 33% transversions) and eight indels were observed in genomic sequences. SNP frequency in coding and genomic regions was 1 in 66 bp and 1 in 71 bp, respectively. In order to effectively use this high frequency of polymorphism, we used Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Site (CAPS) and derived CAPS (dCAPS) marker systems to identify a restriction site at SNP loci. In this study, we developed six CAPS and dCAPS markers and fine mapped QTL1, a region previously identified as important for ascochyta blight resistance. One of the CAPS markers from a BAC end was identified to account for 56% of the variation for ascochyta blight resistance in chickpea. Conversion of naturally abundant SNPs to CAPS and dCAPS for chickpea mapping, where absence of amplicon length polymorphism is a constraint, has potential to generate high-density maps necessary for map-based cloning and integration of physical and genetic maps.

Euphytica, 2006

Lentil is a self-pollinating diploid (2n = 14 chromosomes) annual cool season legume crop that is... more Lentil is a self-pollinating diploid (2n = 14 chromosomes) annual cool season legume crop that is produced throughout the world and is highly valued as a high protein food. Several abiotic stresses are important to lentil yields world wide and include drought, heat, salt susceptibility and iron deficiency. The biotic stresses are numerous and include: susceptibility to Ascochyta blight, caused by Ascochyta lentis; Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum truncatum; Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum; Sclerotinia white mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; rust, caused by Uromyces fabae; and numerous aphid transmitted viruses. Lentil is also highly susceptible to several species of Orabanche prevalent in the Mediterranean region, for which there does not appear to be much resistance in the germplasm. Plant breeders and geneticists have addressed these stresses by identifying resistant/tolerant germplasm, determining the genetics involved and the genetic map positions of the resistant genes. To this end progress has been made in mapping the lentil genome and several genetic maps are available that eventually will lead to the development of a consensus map for lentil. Marker density has been limited in the published genetic maps and there is a distinct lack of co-dominant markers that would facilitate comparisons of the available genetic maps and efficient identification of markers closely linked to genes of interest. Molecular breeding of lentil for disease resistance genes using marker assisted selection, particularly for resistance to Ascochyta blight and Anthracnose, is underway in Australia and Canada and promising results have been obtained. Comparative genomics and synteny analyses with closely related legumes promises to further advance the knowledge of the lentil genome and provide lentil breeders with additional genes and selectable markers for use in marker assisted selection. Genomic tools such as macro and micro arrays, reverse genetics and genetic transformation are emerging technologies that may eventually be available for use in lentil crop improvement.

Euphytica, 2006

Necrotrophic pathogens of the cool season food legumes (pea, lentil, chickpea, faba bean and lupi... more Necrotrophic pathogens of the cool season food legumes (pea, lentil, chickpea, faba bean and lupin) cause wide spread disease and severe crop losses throughout the world. Environmental conditions play an important role in the development and spread of these diseases. Form of inoculum, inoculum concentration and physiological plant growth stage all affect the degree of infection and the amount of crop loss. Measures to control these diseases have relied on identification of resistant germplasm and development of resistant varieties through screening in the field and in controlled environments. Procedures for screening and scoring germplasm and breeding lines for resistance have lacked uniformity among the various programs worldwide. However, this review highlights the most consistent screening and scoring procedures that are simple to use and provide reliable results. Sources of resistance to the major necrotrophic fungi are summarized for each of the cool season food legumes. Marker-assisted selection is underway for Ascochyta blight of pea, lentil and chickpea, and Phomopsis blight of lupin. Other measures such as fungicidal control and cultural control are also reviewed. The emerging genomic information on the model legume, Medicago truncatula, which has various degrees of genetic synteny with the cool season food legumes, has promise for identification of closely linked markers for resistance genes and possibly for eventual map-based cloning of resistance genes. Durable resistance to the necrotrophic pathogens is a common goal of cool season food legume breeders.

Economic Botany, 1994

A hypothesis is proposed whereby weedy vetch (Vicia sativa L.) seed moved with seed of the cultiv... more A hypothesis is proposed whereby weedy vetch (Vicia sativa L.) seed moved with seed of the cultivated lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) as a tolerated weed during the spread of the lentil from the Fertile Crescent in the Near East to its current distribution. As a result, selection occurred in vetch weeds for a reduction in dormancy/hard-seededness, increased competitive ability and biomass, and phenological adaptation to new environments-predisposing the weed for domestication. The cropping of common vetch for forage in pure culture followed. Archaeological evidence of admixtures of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) in Neolithic finds of lentil, pea (Pisum sativum L.) and bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia (L.) Wild.) suggests a similar process of selection in grass pea for a weedy habit from which domestication later occurred.

Crop Science, 2000

R. Fluhr. 1997. The I2C family from the wilt disease of resistance to fusarium wilt in chickpeas.... more R. Fluhr. 1997. The I2C family from the wilt disease of resistance to fusarium wilt in chickpeas. p. 339-341. In P.R. Day resistance locus I2 belongs to the nucleotide binding, leucine-rich and G.J. Jellis (ed.) Genetics and plant pathogenesis. Blackwell repeat super family of plant resistance genes.

Crop Science, 2000

Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.: Fr. f. sp. ciceris (Padwick) races of the pathogen, race 0 is th... more Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.: Fr. f. sp. ciceris (Padwick) races of the pathogen, race 0 is the least virulent and causes a vascular wilt of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and significantly causes yellowing symptoms, whereas race 5 is the most limits production worldwide. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the inheritance of resistance to races 0 and 5 of fusarium virulent and causes severe leaf chlorosis and plant death wilt and the genetic map positions of the resistance genes and (ii) to (Jimenez-Diaz et al., 1991; Kaiser et al., 1994). Although assess the linkage relationships between these two genes and other pathogenic races are well established, the genetics of known wilt resistance genes in chickpea. Seedlings of 131 F 6-derived resistance to individual races has not been completely recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were tested for reaction to races 0 determined. and 5. A 1 resistant:1 susceptible segregation ratio was observed for Upadhyaya et al. (1983a, 1983b) and Singh et al. both races, indicating that resistance to each race is controlled by a (1987) reported three independent loci for resistance to single gene. Linkage analysis indicated that the genes for resistance race 1 and designated the loci as h 1 , h 2 , and h 3. A breedto races 4 and 5 were in the same linkage group and were separated ing line, WR-315, was defined as resistant, with homozyby 11.2 centiMorgans (cM). The gene for resistance to race 0 was not gous recessive genes at all three loci (h 1 h 1 h 2 h 2 h 3 h 3). A linked to the race 4 and 5 resistance genes. In addition, an allelespecific associated primer (ASAP) product (CS-27R/CS-27F), devel-susceptible line, C-104, was characterized as having the oped from the CS-27 primer, was located between the two resistance genotype H 1 H 1 h 2 h 2 h 3 h 3 (Singh et al., 1987). Using RILs genes and was 7.2 and 4 cM from the genes for resistance to races 4 developed from the cross of these two lines, genes conand 5, respectively. Map positions of these two race-specific resistance ferring resistance to races 1 and 4 were identified as genes and the marker reported to be linked to the genes for resistance closely linked to each other and to two random amplito races 1 and 4 support the hypothesis that wilt resistance genes fied polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, CS-27 and are clustered on the same chromosome. Since the gene conferring UBC-170 (Tullu, 1996). Mayer et al. (1997) developed resistance to race 0 is found in a different region of the genome, other an ASAP using DNA fragments amplified by the CSgenomic regions may be responsible for resistance to wilt pathogens. 27 RAPD primer to increase the reliability and utility The gene symbols foc-0, foc-4, and foc-5 are proposed for the genes of the marker. Based on these studies, linkage was estabfor resistance to races 0, 4, and 5 of the pathogen, respectively. Identification and further evaluation of disease resistance gene clusters would lished between CS-27 and h 1 , one of the genes for resisimprove our understanding of wilt resistance in chickpea and facilitate tance to race 1 (Mayer et al., 1997; Tullu et al., 1998). the transfer of resistance genes to new cultivars.

Crop Science, 2004

use of available moisture and by avoiding heat stress. Fall planting is desirable because drier s... more use of available moisture and by avoiding heat stress. Fall planting is desirable because drier soil conditions Available winter hardy lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) germplasm allow for planting the crop without the excessive soil has prompted interest in the development and use of cultivars that compaction that is common with spring planting in cold can be fall planted in cold highland areas. This change in production of lentil from normally spring sown to fall sown is environmentally wet soils. Spring planted lentil crops often experience sound and increases yield potential. Understanding the mode of inheri-heat stress and terminal drought in the latter part of tance of winter hardiness in lentil would assist breeding efforts. The the growing season that reduces yields. Crops planted objectives of this study were to determine the inheritance and heritain the fall may develop and mature sufficiently early to bility of winter hardiness in lentil. Ten F 6 derived recombinant inbred avoid the most severe heat and drought stresses. line (RIL) populations from crosses of winter hardy germplasm lines In cold highland areas, winter lentils are not grown with nonhardy germplasm were planted in a randomized complete because cultivars with sufficient winter hardiness and block design with three replications at Haymana, and Sivas, Turkey, acceptable quality traits are not available. Much of the and at Pullman, WA, USA, between 1997 and 2001. Meaningful data work on lentil winter hardiness has been related to agrofor an analysis of the inheritance of winter hardiness were available nomic, physiologic, and germplasm screening (Kusmen

Crop Science, 2004

chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is reportedly controlled by at least five genes with tolerance domi... more chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is reportedly controlled by at least five genes with tolerance dominant over Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) germplasm with sufficient winter susceptibility (Malhotra and Singh, 1990). hardiness to survive most winters in cold northern areas is available. However, the use of that germplasm in breeding programs is hampered One of the major problems in characterizing the geby variable winter conditions that make field evaluations needed for netic control of winter hardiness is inconsistency of field effective breeding and selection difficult. Our objectives were to gain and freezing tests. Assessing winter hardiness in the additional information on the genetics of winter hardiness in lentil field can be affected by numerous environmental factors by QTL analysis and to identify markers for use in marker-assisted including cold temperatures, freeze-thaw cycles, water selection. A total of 106 F 6 derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs)

Crop Science, 2000

Ascochyta blight, caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab., is a cently, Tekeoglu et al. (2000) sh... more Ascochyta blight, caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab., is a cently, Tekeoglu et al. (2000) showed that two compledevastating disease of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) worldwide. Resistant germplasm has been identified and the genetics of resistance has mentary recessive genes conferred resistance. However, been the subject of numerous studies. The objectives of the present the locations of the genes conferring resistance are not study were to determine the genetics of resistance to ascochyta blight known. Since multiple genes appear to condition resisof chickpea and to map and tag the chromosomal regions involved tance, knowledge of their genomic locations and linkage using molecular markers. We used a set of 142 F 5:6 recombinant inbred to molecular markers would facilitate gene transfer and lines (RILs) obtained from an interspecific cross of C. arietinum pyramiding of the genes into acceptable genetic back-(FLIP84-92C, resistant parent) ϫ C. reticulatum Lad. (PI 599072, grounds through marker-assisted selection. susceptible parent). The RILs were scored for disease reactions in Molecular markers have been used to establish linkthe field over 2 yr and were genotyped for polymorphic molecular age maps for many crop species (O'Brien, 1993) and markers [isozyme, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), they have been utilized to determine gene number for and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR)] in the laboratory. The disease was scored quantitatively and data were used for QTL analysis. particular traits and for gene tagging (Paterson et al., A linkage map was established that comprised nine linkage groups 1991; Lee, 1995). Many important disease resistance containing 116 markers covering a map distance of 981.6 centimorgans genes have been mapped and tagged in various crops (cM) with an average distance of 8.4 cM between markers. Two (Staub et al., 1996; Mohan et al., 1997). RAPD markers quantitative trait loci (QTLs), QTL-1 and QTL-2, conferring resis-(Williams et al., 1990; Welsh and McClelland, 1990) are tance to ascochyta blight, were identified which accounted for 50.3 simple and fast and have been employed widely for and 45.0% of the estimated phenotypic variation in 1997 and 1998, mapping genomes (Torres et al., 1993; Hunt and Page, respectively, and were mapped to linkage groups 6 and 1, respectively. 1995) and for tagging resistance genes (Staub et al., Two RAPD markers flanked QTL-1 and were 10.9 cM apart while 1996; Mohan et al., 1997; Mayer et al., 1997). one ISSR marker and an isozyme marker flanked QTL-2 and were Linkage analysis and mapping disease resistance genes 5.9 cM apart. These markers can be used for marker-assisted selection for ascochyta blight resistance in chickpea breeding programs, and

Agronomy Journal, 2006

Winter pea (Pisum sativum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) have potential agronomic advanta... more Winter pea (Pisum sativum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) have potential agronomic advantages over spring types in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) and northern Great Plains (NGP). The objectives of this study were to: (i) determine suitable seeding date and cereal stubble height in no-till systems for winter pea and lentil; (ii) quantify and compare biomass and seed yield of winter pea and lentil with spring types; and (iii) compare adaptation of winter pea and lentil between the PNW and the NGP. Two breeding lines each of winter pea (PS9430706 and PS9530726) and winter lentil [LC9979010 ('Morton') and LC9976079] and two commercial cultivars each of spring pea (CDC Mozart and Delta) and spring lentil (Brewer and CDC Richlea) were sown on different dates (early and late fall dates for winter lines and spring date only for spring cultivars) and into different stubble heights (0.1 and 0.3 m) and compared for yield and agronomic adaptation in no-till systems at four locations: Moccasin and Amsterdam, MT; Genesee, ID; and Rosalia, WA. Stubble height did not influence winter or spring pea biomass production or seed yield. Tall stubble increased lentil biomass by 220 to 530 kg ha 21 and seed yield by 100 to 260 kg ha 21 in five out of nine site-years. Fall-seeded winter pea lines produced as much as 1830 kg ha 21 more seed yield than spring cultivars at the PNW sites, but not at the NGP sites. Early fall-seeded lentil yielded as much as 480 and 590 kg ha 21 greater than spring types in the NGP and PNW, respectively. Delayed fall seeding and reduced stubble height decreased yields more frequently in the NGP than in the PNW.

European Journal of Plant Pathology - EUR J PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2007

Brazil and Ecuador and as a consultant to the World Bank in Mexico and Bolivia. Bob was well reco... more Brazil and Ecuador and as a consultant to the World Bank in Mexico and Bolivia. Bob was well recognized as a hard worker and productive researcher with a friendly outgoing manner and smile for everyone. He is survived by his wife Soraia, two sons, Robert and Peter, and a daughter, Gabriella. Bob was a good friend of the Ascochyta and Sclerotinia communities and will be sorely missed.

International audienceThrough the decades of research on various legume species and crops worldwi... more International audienceThrough the decades of research on various legume species and crops worldwide, its results have been published in an endless number of national and international journals and magazines dealing with various topics. It is certain that the articles on genetics, propelled by Mendel’s pioneering work, are among the most numerous, but it is also true that those on agronomy, agro-ecology, or stress tolerance were produced rather abundantly. So far, there has not been a journal devoted specifically to legume science, except Legume Research published by the Agricultural Research Communication Centre, India. We have published our articles in several crop-specific journals, such as Bean Improvement Cooperative Annual Report, Journal of Lentil Research, Lathyrus Lathyrism Newsletter, Pisum Genetics or Soybean Genetics Newsletter: however, some of these no longer exist. A unique publication in the world of legume science, research and promotion was Grain Legumes, published ...

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 1999

Plant breeders must be aware of sources of resistance to pathogens that affect their crops. Fusar... more Plant breeders must be aware of sources of resistance to pathogens that affect their crops. Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp. pisi Snyd. & Hans. is a fungal disease that affects peas and is important worldwide. Resistance to the different races of the pathogen has been identified in adapted germplasm and from specific accessions in the United States World Collection of peas (Pisum sativum L.). The goal of this study was to evaluate the resistance to fusarium wilt race 2 in the Pisum core collection. Of the 452 accessions screened, 62 (14%) were resistant. The resistant accessions included accessions from P.s. ssp. elatius that were collected from 24 different countries. The wide distribution of resistance around the world precludes the identification of any single country or region as a source of resistance. Of the 62 accessions resistant to race 2, 39 are also resistant to race 1 based on data obtained from GRIN. One of the wild progenitors, PI 344012, possess...

Journal of Plant Registrations, 2008

of green pea (Pisum sativum L.) were selected from a recombinant inbred line population developed... more of green pea (Pisum sativum L.) were selected from a recombinant inbred line population developed by the USDA-ARS in 2000. These lines are unique in combining high levels of resistance to Fusarium root rot [caused

Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2003

A chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) library from germplasm lin... more A chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) library from germplasm line, FLIP 84-92C, was constructed to facilitate positional cloning of disease resistance genes and physical mapping of the genome. The BAC library has 23,780 colonies and was calculated to comprise approximately 3.8 haploid-genome equivalents. Studies on 120 randomly chosen clones revealed an average insert size of 100 kb and no empty clones. Colony hybridization using the RUBP carboxylase large subunit as a probe resulted in a very low percentage of chloroplast DNA contamination. Two clones with a combined insert size of 200 kb were isolated after the library was screened with a Sequence Tagged Microsatellite Site (STMS) marker, Ta96, which is tightly linked to a gene ( Foc3) for resistance to fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.: Fr. f. sp. ciceris (Padwick) race 3 at a genetic distance of 1 cM. Also, these two clones were analyzed with several resistance gene analog (RGA) markers. End sequencing of these clones did not identify repetitive sequences. The development of the BAC library will facilitate isolation of Foc3 and allow us to perform physical mapping of this genomic region where additional R genes against other races of the wilt causing pathogen are positioned.

Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2008

The small genome size (740 Mb), short life cycle (3 months) and high economic importance as a foo... more The small genome size (740 Mb), short life cycle (3 months) and high economic importance as a food crop legume make chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) an important system for genomics research. Although several genetic linkage maps using various markers and genomic tools have become available, sequencing eVorts and their use are limited in chickpea genomic research. In this study, we explored the genome organization of chickpea by sequencing approximately 500 kb from 11 BAC clones (three representing ascochyta blight resistance QTL1 (ABR-QTL1) and eight randomly selected BAC clones). Our analysis revealed that these sequenced chickpea genomic regions have a gene density of one per 9.2 kb, an average gene length of 2,500 bp, an average of 4.7 exons per gene, with an average exon and intron size of 401 and 316 bp, respectively, and approximately 8.6% repetitive elements. Other features analyzed included exon and intron length, number of exons per gene, protein length and %GC content. Although there are reports on high synteny among legume genomes, the microsynteny between the 500 kb chickpea and available Medicago truncatula genomic sequences varied depending on the region analyzed. The GBrowse-based annotation of these BACs is available at http://www.genome.ou.edu/plants_totals.html. We believe that our work provides signiWcant information that supports a chickpea genome sequencing eVort in the future. P. N. Rajesh and M. O'Bleness have contributed equally. Communicated by D. A. Hoisington.

Plant Disease, 2005

Genetics of resistance in chickpea accession WR-315 to Fusarium wilt was investigated, and a conc... more Genetics of resistance in chickpea accession WR-315 to Fusarium wilt was investigated, and a concise set of differentials was developed to identify races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. A population of 100 F7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross of WR-315 (resistant) and C-104 (susceptible) was used to study genetics of resistance to races 1A, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, and a population of 26 F2 plants from a cross between the same two parents was used to study inheritance of resistance to race 2. Segregations of the RILs for resistance to each of the five races suggest that single genes in WR-315 govern resistance to each of the five races. A 1:3 resistant to susceptible ratio in the F2 population indicated that resistance in WR-315 to race 2 was governed by a single recessive gene. A race-specific slow disease progress reaction was observed in chickpea line FLIP84-92C(3) to infection by race 2, a phenomenon termed as slow wilting, that is differen...

Phytopathology®, 2005

Development of pea cultivars resistant to Aphanomyces root rot, the most destructive root disease... more Development of pea cultivars resistant to Aphanomyces root rot, the most destructive root disease of pea worldwide, is a major disease management objective. In a previous study of a mapping population of 127 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross ‘Puget’ (susceptible) × ‘90-2079’ (partially resistant), we identified seven genomic regions, including a major quantitative trait locus (QTL), Aph1, associated with partial resistance to Aphanomyces root rot in U.S. fields (21). The objective of the present study was to evaluate, in the same mapping population, the specificity versus consistency of Aphanomyces resistance QTL under two screening conditions (greenhouse and field, by comparison with the previous study) and with two isolates of Aphanomyces euteiches originating from the United States and France. The 127 RILs were evaluated in the greenhouse for resistance to pure culture isolates SP7 (United States) and Ae106 (France). Using the genetic map previously described...

European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2007

Ascochyta blight causes significant yield loss in pulse crops worldwide. Integrated disease manag... more Ascochyta blight causes significant yield loss in pulse crops worldwide. Integrated disease management is essential to take advantage of cultivars with partial resistance to this disease. The most effective practices, established by decades of research, use a combination of disease-free seed, destruction or avoidance of inoculum sources, manipulation of sowing dates, seed and foliar fungicides, and cultivars with improved resistance. An understanding of the pathosystems and the interrelationship between host, pathogen and the environment is essential to be able to make correct decisions for disease control without compromising the agronomic or economic ideal. For individual pathosystems, some components of the integrated management principles may need to be given greater consideration than others. For instance, destruction of infested residue may be incompatible with no or minimum tillage practices, or rotation intervals may need to be extended in environments that slow the speed of residue decomposition. For ascochyta-susceptible chickpeas the use of disease-free seed, or seed treatments, is crucial as seed-borne infection is highly effective as primary inoculum and epidemics develop rapidly from foci in favourable conditions. Implemented fungicide strategies differ according to cultivar resistance and the control efficacy of fungicides, and the effectiveness of genetic resistance varies according to seasonal conditions. Studies are being undertaken to develop advanced decision support tools to assist growers in making more informed decisions regarding fungicide and agronomic practices for disease control.

European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2007

Ascochyta blights are the most important diseases of cool season food legumes (peas, lentils, chi... more Ascochyta blights are the most important diseases of cool season food legumes (peas, lentils, chickpeas, and faba beans) and are found in nearly all production regions. Despite having the same common disease name, the pathogen species differ for each of the crops. These diseases cause serious yield losses under favourable cool and humid conditions. Planting resistant cultivars is often the first choice and most economical means in managing the diseases. Therefore breeding for resistance to ascochyta blights has been an important objective of many cool season food legume research programmes. Systematic screening of germplasm collections at international research centres and other national research programmes have identified useful resistance sources that have been used successfully to breed resistant or tolerant cultivars. Genetic studies have revealed inheritance patterns of the resistance genes. Genetic linkage analyses and QTL mapping have identified molecular markers that could be useful for markerassisted selection and gene pyramiding. In general, research towards developing resistance to ascochyta blights in cool season food legume faces mainly two limitations: the lack of availability of efficient resistance sources and the lack of a good understanding of the variability of the pathogen populations. Research efforts to alleviate these limitations should be pursued. Given that modern technologies of marker development and genomics are available, further advances in deploying resistance to manage ascochyta blights in this group of legume crops will depend on concerted efforts in developing accurate screening procedures with adequate knowledge of pathogen variability and identification of additional sources of resistance. Keywords Disease resistance Á Quantitative trait loci Á Marker assisted selection Á Disease screening Á Inheritance Á Breeding for disease resistance Á Pisum sativum Á Peas Á Lens culinaris Á Lentil Á Cicer arietinum Á Chickpea Á Vicia faba Á Faba bean

Euphytica, 2008

Chickpea genetic mapping has been hampered by insufficient amplicon length polymorphism for seque... more Chickpea genetic mapping has been hampered by insufficient amplicon length polymorphism for sequence based markers. To develop an alternative source of polymorphic markers, we determined naturally abundant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in coding and genomic regions between FLIP 84-92C (C. arietinum) and PI 599072 (C. reticulatum) and identified an inexpensive method to detect SNP for mapping. In coding sequences, 110 single base changes or substitutions (47% transitions and 53% transversions) and 18 indels were found; while 50 single base changes (68% transitions and 33% transversions) and eight indels were observed in genomic sequences. SNP frequency in coding and genomic regions was 1 in 66 bp and 1 in 71 bp, respectively. In order to effectively use this high frequency of polymorphism, we used Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Site (CAPS) and derived CAPS (dCAPS) marker systems to identify a restriction site at SNP loci. In this study, we developed six CAPS and dCAPS markers and fine mapped QTL1, a region previously identified as important for ascochyta blight resistance. One of the CAPS markers from a BAC end was identified to account for 56% of the variation for ascochyta blight resistance in chickpea. Conversion of naturally abundant SNPs to CAPS and dCAPS for chickpea mapping, where absence of amplicon length polymorphism is a constraint, has potential to generate high-density maps necessary for map-based cloning and integration of physical and genetic maps.

Euphytica, 2006

Lentil is a self-pollinating diploid (2n = 14 chromosomes) annual cool season legume crop that is... more Lentil is a self-pollinating diploid (2n = 14 chromosomes) annual cool season legume crop that is produced throughout the world and is highly valued as a high protein food. Several abiotic stresses are important to lentil yields world wide and include drought, heat, salt susceptibility and iron deficiency. The biotic stresses are numerous and include: susceptibility to Ascochyta blight, caused by Ascochyta lentis; Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum truncatum; Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum; Sclerotinia white mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; rust, caused by Uromyces fabae; and numerous aphid transmitted viruses. Lentil is also highly susceptible to several species of Orabanche prevalent in the Mediterranean region, for which there does not appear to be much resistance in the germplasm. Plant breeders and geneticists have addressed these stresses by identifying resistant/tolerant germplasm, determining the genetics involved and the genetic map positions of the resistant genes. To this end progress has been made in mapping the lentil genome and several genetic maps are available that eventually will lead to the development of a consensus map for lentil. Marker density has been limited in the published genetic maps and there is a distinct lack of co-dominant markers that would facilitate comparisons of the available genetic maps and efficient identification of markers closely linked to genes of interest. Molecular breeding of lentil for disease resistance genes using marker assisted selection, particularly for resistance to Ascochyta blight and Anthracnose, is underway in Australia and Canada and promising results have been obtained. Comparative genomics and synteny analyses with closely related legumes promises to further advance the knowledge of the lentil genome and provide lentil breeders with additional genes and selectable markers for use in marker assisted selection. Genomic tools such as macro and micro arrays, reverse genetics and genetic transformation are emerging technologies that may eventually be available for use in lentil crop improvement.

Euphytica, 2006

Necrotrophic pathogens of the cool season food legumes (pea, lentil, chickpea, faba bean and lupi... more Necrotrophic pathogens of the cool season food legumes (pea, lentil, chickpea, faba bean and lupin) cause wide spread disease and severe crop losses throughout the world. Environmental conditions play an important role in the development and spread of these diseases. Form of inoculum, inoculum concentration and physiological plant growth stage all affect the degree of infection and the amount of crop loss. Measures to control these diseases have relied on identification of resistant germplasm and development of resistant varieties through screening in the field and in controlled environments. Procedures for screening and scoring germplasm and breeding lines for resistance have lacked uniformity among the various programs worldwide. However, this review highlights the most consistent screening and scoring procedures that are simple to use and provide reliable results. Sources of resistance to the major necrotrophic fungi are summarized for each of the cool season food legumes. Marker-assisted selection is underway for Ascochyta blight of pea, lentil and chickpea, and Phomopsis blight of lupin. Other measures such as fungicidal control and cultural control are also reviewed. The emerging genomic information on the model legume, Medicago truncatula, which has various degrees of genetic synteny with the cool season food legumes, has promise for identification of closely linked markers for resistance genes and possibly for eventual map-based cloning of resistance genes. Durable resistance to the necrotrophic pathogens is a common goal of cool season food legume breeders.

Economic Botany, 1994

A hypothesis is proposed whereby weedy vetch (Vicia sativa L.) seed moved with seed of the cultiv... more A hypothesis is proposed whereby weedy vetch (Vicia sativa L.) seed moved with seed of the cultivated lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) as a tolerated weed during the spread of the lentil from the Fertile Crescent in the Near East to its current distribution. As a result, selection occurred in vetch weeds for a reduction in dormancy/hard-seededness, increased competitive ability and biomass, and phenological adaptation to new environments-predisposing the weed for domestication. The cropping of common vetch for forage in pure culture followed. Archaeological evidence of admixtures of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) in Neolithic finds of lentil, pea (Pisum sativum L.) and bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia (L.) Wild.) suggests a similar process of selection in grass pea for a weedy habit from which domestication later occurred.

Crop Science, 2000

R. Fluhr. 1997. The I2C family from the wilt disease of resistance to fusarium wilt in chickpeas.... more R. Fluhr. 1997. The I2C family from the wilt disease of resistance to fusarium wilt in chickpeas. p. 339-341. In P.R. Day resistance locus I2 belongs to the nucleotide binding, leucine-rich and G.J. Jellis (ed.) Genetics and plant pathogenesis. Blackwell repeat super family of plant resistance genes.

Crop Science, 2000

Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.: Fr. f. sp. ciceris (Padwick) races of the pathogen, race 0 is th... more Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.: Fr. f. sp. ciceris (Padwick) races of the pathogen, race 0 is the least virulent and causes a vascular wilt of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and significantly causes yellowing symptoms, whereas race 5 is the most limits production worldwide. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the inheritance of resistance to races 0 and 5 of fusarium virulent and causes severe leaf chlorosis and plant death wilt and the genetic map positions of the resistance genes and (ii) to (Jimenez-Diaz et al., 1991; Kaiser et al., 1994). Although assess the linkage relationships between these two genes and other pathogenic races are well established, the genetics of known wilt resistance genes in chickpea. Seedlings of 131 F 6-derived resistance to individual races has not been completely recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were tested for reaction to races 0 determined. and 5. A 1 resistant:1 susceptible segregation ratio was observed for Upadhyaya et al. (1983a, 1983b) and Singh et al. both races, indicating that resistance to each race is controlled by a (1987) reported three independent loci for resistance to single gene. Linkage analysis indicated that the genes for resistance race 1 and designated the loci as h 1 , h 2 , and h 3. A breedto races 4 and 5 were in the same linkage group and were separated ing line, WR-315, was defined as resistant, with homozyby 11.2 centiMorgans (cM). The gene for resistance to race 0 was not gous recessive genes at all three loci (h 1 h 1 h 2 h 2 h 3 h 3). A linked to the race 4 and 5 resistance genes. In addition, an allelespecific associated primer (ASAP) product (CS-27R/CS-27F), devel-susceptible line, C-104, was characterized as having the oped from the CS-27 primer, was located between the two resistance genotype H 1 H 1 h 2 h 2 h 3 h 3 (Singh et al., 1987). Using RILs genes and was 7.2 and 4 cM from the genes for resistance to races 4 developed from the cross of these two lines, genes conand 5, respectively. Map positions of these two race-specific resistance ferring resistance to races 1 and 4 were identified as genes and the marker reported to be linked to the genes for resistance closely linked to each other and to two random amplito races 1 and 4 support the hypothesis that wilt resistance genes fied polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, CS-27 and are clustered on the same chromosome. Since the gene conferring UBC-170 (Tullu, 1996). Mayer et al. (1997) developed resistance to race 0 is found in a different region of the genome, other an ASAP using DNA fragments amplified by the CSgenomic regions may be responsible for resistance to wilt pathogens. 27 RAPD primer to increase the reliability and utility The gene symbols foc-0, foc-4, and foc-5 are proposed for the genes of the marker. Based on these studies, linkage was estabfor resistance to races 0, 4, and 5 of the pathogen, respectively. Identification and further evaluation of disease resistance gene clusters would lished between CS-27 and h 1 , one of the genes for resisimprove our understanding of wilt resistance in chickpea and facilitate tance to race 1 (Mayer et al., 1997; Tullu et al., 1998). the transfer of resistance genes to new cultivars.

Crop Science, 2004

use of available moisture and by avoiding heat stress. Fall planting is desirable because drier s... more use of available moisture and by avoiding heat stress. Fall planting is desirable because drier soil conditions Available winter hardy lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) germplasm allow for planting the crop without the excessive soil has prompted interest in the development and use of cultivars that compaction that is common with spring planting in cold can be fall planted in cold highland areas. This change in production of lentil from normally spring sown to fall sown is environmentally wet soils. Spring planted lentil crops often experience sound and increases yield potential. Understanding the mode of inheri-heat stress and terminal drought in the latter part of tance of winter hardiness in lentil would assist breeding efforts. The the growing season that reduces yields. Crops planted objectives of this study were to determine the inheritance and heritain the fall may develop and mature sufficiently early to bility of winter hardiness in lentil. Ten F 6 derived recombinant inbred avoid the most severe heat and drought stresses. line (RIL) populations from crosses of winter hardy germplasm lines In cold highland areas, winter lentils are not grown with nonhardy germplasm were planted in a randomized complete because cultivars with sufficient winter hardiness and block design with three replications at Haymana, and Sivas, Turkey, acceptable quality traits are not available. Much of the and at Pullman, WA, USA, between 1997 and 2001. Meaningful data work on lentil winter hardiness has been related to agrofor an analysis of the inheritance of winter hardiness were available nomic, physiologic, and germplasm screening (Kusmen

Crop Science, 2004

chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is reportedly controlled by at least five genes with tolerance domi... more chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is reportedly controlled by at least five genes with tolerance dominant over Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) germplasm with sufficient winter susceptibility (Malhotra and Singh, 1990). hardiness to survive most winters in cold northern areas is available. However, the use of that germplasm in breeding programs is hampered One of the major problems in characterizing the geby variable winter conditions that make field evaluations needed for netic control of winter hardiness is inconsistency of field effective breeding and selection difficult. Our objectives were to gain and freezing tests. Assessing winter hardiness in the additional information on the genetics of winter hardiness in lentil field can be affected by numerous environmental factors by QTL analysis and to identify markers for use in marker-assisted including cold temperatures, freeze-thaw cycles, water selection. A total of 106 F 6 derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs)

Crop Science, 2000

Ascochyta blight, caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab., is a cently, Tekeoglu et al. (2000) sh... more Ascochyta blight, caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab., is a cently, Tekeoglu et al. (2000) showed that two compledevastating disease of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) worldwide. Resistant germplasm has been identified and the genetics of resistance has mentary recessive genes conferred resistance. However, been the subject of numerous studies. The objectives of the present the locations of the genes conferring resistance are not study were to determine the genetics of resistance to ascochyta blight known. Since multiple genes appear to condition resisof chickpea and to map and tag the chromosomal regions involved tance, knowledge of their genomic locations and linkage using molecular markers. We used a set of 142 F 5:6 recombinant inbred to molecular markers would facilitate gene transfer and lines (RILs) obtained from an interspecific cross of C. arietinum pyramiding of the genes into acceptable genetic back-(FLIP84-92C, resistant parent) ϫ C. reticulatum Lad. (PI 599072, grounds through marker-assisted selection. susceptible parent). The RILs were scored for disease reactions in Molecular markers have been used to establish linkthe field over 2 yr and were genotyped for polymorphic molecular age maps for many crop species (O'Brien, 1993) and markers [isozyme, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), they have been utilized to determine gene number for and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR)] in the laboratory. The disease was scored quantitatively and data were used for QTL analysis. particular traits and for gene tagging (Paterson et al., A linkage map was established that comprised nine linkage groups 1991; Lee, 1995). Many important disease resistance containing 116 markers covering a map distance of 981.6 centimorgans genes have been mapped and tagged in various crops (cM) with an average distance of 8.4 cM between markers. Two (Staub et al., 1996; Mohan et al., 1997). RAPD markers quantitative trait loci (QTLs), QTL-1 and QTL-2, conferring resis-(Williams et al., 1990; Welsh and McClelland, 1990) are tance to ascochyta blight, were identified which accounted for 50.3 simple and fast and have been employed widely for and 45.0% of the estimated phenotypic variation in 1997 and 1998, mapping genomes (Torres et al., 1993; Hunt and Page, respectively, and were mapped to linkage groups 6 and 1, respectively. 1995) and for tagging resistance genes (Staub et al., Two RAPD markers flanked QTL-1 and were 10.9 cM apart while 1996; Mohan et al., 1997; Mayer et al., 1997). one ISSR marker and an isozyme marker flanked QTL-2 and were Linkage analysis and mapping disease resistance genes 5.9 cM apart. These markers can be used for marker-assisted selection for ascochyta blight resistance in chickpea breeding programs, and

Agronomy Journal, 2006

Winter pea (Pisum sativum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) have potential agronomic advanta... more Winter pea (Pisum sativum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) have potential agronomic advantages over spring types in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) and northern Great Plains (NGP). The objectives of this study were to: (i) determine suitable seeding date and cereal stubble height in no-till systems for winter pea and lentil; (ii) quantify and compare biomass and seed yield of winter pea and lentil with spring types; and (iii) compare adaptation of winter pea and lentil between the PNW and the NGP. Two breeding lines each of winter pea (PS9430706 and PS9530726) and winter lentil [LC9979010 ('Morton') and LC9976079] and two commercial cultivars each of spring pea (CDC Mozart and Delta) and spring lentil (Brewer and CDC Richlea) were sown on different dates (early and late fall dates for winter lines and spring date only for spring cultivars) and into different stubble heights (0.1 and 0.3 m) and compared for yield and agronomic adaptation in no-till systems at four locations: Moccasin and Amsterdam, MT; Genesee, ID; and Rosalia, WA. Stubble height did not influence winter or spring pea biomass production or seed yield. Tall stubble increased lentil biomass by 220 to 530 kg ha 21 and seed yield by 100 to 260 kg ha 21 in five out of nine site-years. Fall-seeded winter pea lines produced as much as 1830 kg ha 21 more seed yield than spring cultivars at the PNW sites, but not at the NGP sites. Early fall-seeded lentil yielded as much as 480 and 590 kg ha 21 greater than spring types in the NGP and PNW, respectively. Delayed fall seeding and reduced stubble height decreased yields more frequently in the NGP than in the PNW.