Fred Wehling - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Fred Wehling
Conflict Management in the Middle East, 2019
Transnational ethnic conflict is a major source of violence and instability in the contemporary i... more Transnational ethnic conflict is a major source of violence and instability in the contemporary international system. It is too early to tell whether this threat will prove to be a transitory consequence of the collapse of multinational states, such as the Soviet Union and the former Yugoslavia, or will become a defining characteristic of post-Cold War world politics. In either case, recent instances of ethnic strife in Bosnia, Chechnya, Rwanda and the Kurdish area of northern Iraq remind us that ethnic conflicts will pose continuing problems for U.S. foreign policy.
Deterring Terrorism, 2020
Gorbachev and His Generals, 2019
A major focus of the National Nuclear Security Administration-led Next Generation Safeguards Init... more A major focus of the National Nuclear Security Administration-led Next Generation Safeguards Initiative (NGSI) is the development of human capital to meet present and future challenges to the safeguards regime. An effective university-level education in safeguards and related disciplines is an essential element in a layered strategy to rebuild the safeguards human resource capacity. NNSA launched two pilot programs in
Terrorism and Political Violence, 2009
The Nonproliferation Review, 1999
The Nonproliferation Review, 1999
The Nonproliferation Review, 2012
International law clearly requires an imminent threat of attack as a justification for the preemp... more International law clearly requires an imminent threat of attack as a justification for the preemptive use of military force. However, the standard definition of an imminent threat was derived centuries before the development of nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons or ballistic missiles and other delivery systems that can reach their targets in a matter of minutes. Any use of force to alleviate threats posed by weapons of mass destruction (WMD) prior to tactical warning of the actual launch of such weapons falls into the legally and ethically controversial category of “anticipatory self-defense,” leaving decision makers potentially liable to prosecution for war crimes. Effective and ethical enforcement of nonproliferation therefore demands a standard for imminence of threat broad enough to allow military action as a last resort but sufficiently restrictive to prohibit indiscriminate action against suspected WMD programs. Following a critical review of selected literature and cases on preemption, the author proposes a new standard for preemptive military action: the existence of operational WMD, or a clandestine program to develop WMD, in contravention of international law. The author discusses the implications of this new proposed standard, which at the time of writing would permit preemptive attack against WMD-armed terrorist groups but prohibit it against all states except Iran and possibly North Korea.
Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 1993
... Chairman Ruslan Khasbulatov, for example, charged that excessive emphasis on ties with the We... more ... Chairman Ruslan Khasbulatov, for example, charged that excessive emphasis on ties with the West gives short shrift to Russia's vital security and economic inter ests, which lie in Russia's relationships with the CIS countries.74 Commentators Sergei Goncharov and Viktor ...
While China, Russia, and the United States have begun to adapt their nuclear forces to the strate... more While China, Russia, and the United States have begun to adapt their nuclear forces to the strategic and political challenges of the new century, the size and structure of those forces and the doctrines for their employment remain little changed from the Cold War era. Beijing, Moscow, and ...
... whether future graduating classes will enter the Institute with enough skill in scripting and... more ... whether future graduating classes will enter the Institute with enough skill in scripting and programming to allow easy multilingual customization. ... overcome with the aid of communities of practice, we expect that e-portfolios will demonstrate their value to alumni, trustees, donors ...
Encyclopedia of Bioterrorism Defense, 2005
Conflict Management in the Middle East, 2019
Transnational ethnic conflict is a major source of violence and instability in the contemporary i... more Transnational ethnic conflict is a major source of violence and instability in the contemporary international system. It is too early to tell whether this threat will prove to be a transitory consequence of the collapse of multinational states, such as the Soviet Union and the former Yugoslavia, or will become a defining characteristic of post-Cold War world politics. In either case, recent instances of ethnic strife in Bosnia, Chechnya, Rwanda and the Kurdish area of northern Iraq remind us that ethnic conflicts will pose continuing problems for U.S. foreign policy.
Deterring Terrorism, 2020
Gorbachev and His Generals, 2019
A major focus of the National Nuclear Security Administration-led Next Generation Safeguards Init... more A major focus of the National Nuclear Security Administration-led Next Generation Safeguards Initiative (NGSI) is the development of human capital to meet present and future challenges to the safeguards regime. An effective university-level education in safeguards and related disciplines is an essential element in a layered strategy to rebuild the safeguards human resource capacity. NNSA launched two pilot programs in
Terrorism and Political Violence, 2009
The Nonproliferation Review, 1999
The Nonproliferation Review, 1999
The Nonproliferation Review, 2012
International law clearly requires an imminent threat of attack as a justification for the preemp... more International law clearly requires an imminent threat of attack as a justification for the preemptive use of military force. However, the standard definition of an imminent threat was derived centuries before the development of nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons or ballistic missiles and other delivery systems that can reach their targets in a matter of minutes. Any use of force to alleviate threats posed by weapons of mass destruction (WMD) prior to tactical warning of the actual launch of such weapons falls into the legally and ethically controversial category of “anticipatory self-defense,” leaving decision makers potentially liable to prosecution for war crimes. Effective and ethical enforcement of nonproliferation therefore demands a standard for imminence of threat broad enough to allow military action as a last resort but sufficiently restrictive to prohibit indiscriminate action against suspected WMD programs. Following a critical review of selected literature and cases on preemption, the author proposes a new standard for preemptive military action: the existence of operational WMD, or a clandestine program to develop WMD, in contravention of international law. The author discusses the implications of this new proposed standard, which at the time of writing would permit preemptive attack against WMD-armed terrorist groups but prohibit it against all states except Iran and possibly North Korea.
Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 1993
... Chairman Ruslan Khasbulatov, for example, charged that excessive emphasis on ties with the We... more ... Chairman Ruslan Khasbulatov, for example, charged that excessive emphasis on ties with the West gives short shrift to Russia's vital security and economic inter ests, which lie in Russia's relationships with the CIS countries.74 Commentators Sergei Goncharov and Viktor ...
While China, Russia, and the United States have begun to adapt their nuclear forces to the strate... more While China, Russia, and the United States have begun to adapt their nuclear forces to the strategic and political challenges of the new century, the size and structure of those forces and the doctrines for their employment remain little changed from the Cold War era. Beijing, Moscow, and ...
... whether future graduating classes will enter the Institute with enough skill in scripting and... more ... whether future graduating classes will enter the Institute with enough skill in scripting and programming to allow easy multilingual customization. ... overcome with the aid of communities of practice, we expect that e-portfolios will demonstrate their value to alumni, trustees, donors ...
Encyclopedia of Bioterrorism Defense, 2005