Frederick Amon-Armah - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Frederick Amon-Armah
International Journal of Agronomy, 2021
The use of kola nut, including natural or alternative medicinal sources, has inevitably created a... more The use of kola nut, including natural or alternative medicinal sources, has inevitably created an increased global market demand in excess of its production and provides great prospects for the growth of the kola nut industry in producing countries like Ghana. Nonetheless, there is a great dearth of information on Ghana’s kola nut supply-side practices and constraints that can provide a basis for the development of the industry. This study fills the research gap by describing the practices and constraints of farmers, processors, and marketers of kola nut in Ghana. Using a survey methodology, results showed that nearly all (99.5%) farmers interviewed had not received any extension training on agronomic practices. Low market price of nuts (61.5%) and pests and diseases (60.4%) were the most reported constraints to kola nut production. Chiefs among motivating factors for cultivating kola nut were alternative livelihood support (58%). Some processors (28.6%) who rinsed nuts after depul...
Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 2021
Forests, Trees and Livelihoods, 2022
There is a need for cost-effective methods to reduce nitrogen pollution from agriculture. Margina... more There is a need for cost-effective methods to reduce nitrogen pollution from agriculture. Marginal abatement cost (MAC) curves for nitrate-nitrogen pollution in an agricultural watershed are evaluated using estimated crop yield and nitrate pollution production functions for alternative cropping systems. The cropping systems considered in this study included i) two grain corn-based cropping systems; ii) two potato-based cropping systems; and iii) a vegetable-horticulture system, managed under conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT). The cost-effective potato-based cropping system which met the Health Canada maximum contaminant limit (MCL) for nitrate-N, with the highest gross margin ($6973 ha-1) and lowest abatement cost ($395 ha-1) was a potato-barley-winter wheat-potato-corn rotation under no-till (PBWPC-NT). Similarly, among the vegetable-horticulture cropping systems, potato-winter wheat-carrot-corn rotation under CT (PWRC-CT) generated the highest gross margin and lowest on-f...
The eco-efficiency index (EEI) framework has been used to determine economically and environmenta... more The eco-efficiency index (EEI) framework has been used to determine economically and environmentally optimal nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rates for some pollutants (such as greenhouse gas emissions) for selected agricultural production systems. However, previous EEI applications have not examined N application rates linked to nitrate-N loss from crop production. The research gap is surprising given the importance of nutrient N in crop production and concerns with nitrate-N in groundwater systems. Eco-efficiency of crop production systems are increased for farm management practices which generate higher economic returns and lower negative environmental impacts and, therefore are considered more eco-efficient. Data for the analysis were generated using the SWAT biophysical simulation modeling. The cropping systems evaluated in this study included: i) corn-based cropping systems involving corn-corn-alfalfa-alfalfa-alfalfa (CCAAA), and CCCAA rotations; ii) potato-based cropping s...
Asian Journal of Business and management, 2015
The purpose of this paper is to assess the pilot-scale production, quality and sale of cocoa butt... more The purpose of this paper is to assess the pilot-scale production, quality and sale of cocoa butter and shea butter body pomades in Ghana and to highlight the role of regulatory bodies products in promoting these products. Cocoa butter- and shea butter-based body pomades were produced and sold to the general public at the Cocoa Research Institue of Ghana to determine their ecomic feasibility. The quality of the produts were assessed by the Ghana Standards Authority and the Food and Drug Authority as a requirement before putting up the products for sale. Pilot-scale production of the two products was quite profitable and the capital investment put in the business can be paid back after seven years of production, with Benefit Cost Ratio of 1.01 and 14% internal Rate of Return. Quality assessment of the products showed that they did not contain any harmful materials such as heavy metals and their microbial loads were all below the specification of less than 1.0 x 10(3). The results sug...
International Journal of Pest Management, 2021
The cocoa swollen shoot virus disease persists in Ghana in spite of the implementation of an erad... more The cocoa swollen shoot virus disease persists in Ghana in spite of the implementation of an eradication campaign against the disease by the government since 1948. Two major factors are identified ...
Ask cocoa farmers in Ghana whether they would like their child to be a cocoa farmer and they will... more Ask cocoa farmers in Ghana whether they would like their child to be a cocoa farmer and they will often respond ‘no’. Now, ask if they would like them to go into cocoa business, and the vast majority will say ‘yes’ (Wagner et al., 2015). But what cocoa business opportunities do youth see for themselves within the rural communities? This paper identifies and maps out potential enterprises for youth within some cocoa farming communities in the Fanteakwa District of the Eastern Region of Ghana. A survey was conducted with 251 respondents including adult farmers, young cocoa farmers, and youth not in cocoa. Descriptive and regression analysis were performed on the survey data. The findings suggest a high demand for agricultural services by cocoa farmers mainly for activities such as land preparation and farm maintenance activities (e.g., pesticide spraying, regular weeding and mistletoes removal). Over 59% of the time, the farmers were willing to pay for individual farming activities ra...
Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 2021
Abstract Cocoa Swollen Shoot Virus Disease (CSSVD) has been of great threat to the Ghanaian cocoa... more Abstract Cocoa Swollen Shoot Virus Disease (CSSVD) has been of great threat to the Ghanaian cocoa industry since 1936. Eradication by cutting out and replanting of affected cocoa farms has been the main method of controlling the disease in Ghana. Also, considerable research efforts have yielded several recommendations that farmers are expected to implement to limit the spread of the disease. However, the disease keeps spreading to new areas at an increasing rate. This study is the first to assess the depth and extent of farmers' adoption of recommended preventive and treatment measures respectively. We explore the rate of adoption and factors that affect the probability and depth of adoption of the recommended preventive measures, as well as the willingness of cocoa farmers to treat affected farms by eradication. Results showed that farmers' awareness of the recommended preventive measures significantly influenced both the probability and depth of adoption of these measures. The extent of adoption of recommended treatment procedures was very low (5%). It is therefore, recommended that the Ghana government through the Cocoa Board focuses on intensive farmer education and information dissemination through extension to increase farmer knowledge and awareness of the recommended preventive measures and treatment procedures. Also, factors such as farmers' knowledge of the causal agent, effects of the disease on cocoa, farmers’ perception of the environment (i.e., whether neighbouring farms have been affected and land tenure arrangements) and adoption of a preventive measure significantly influenced farmers’ willingness to treat CSSVD affected farms. These factors should be considered in packaging the recommended technologies and the strategy for information dissemination.
PLOS ONE, 2020
Cola nitida known as Kola serves as flavouring ingredient in the food industry and is also of gre... more Cola nitida known as Kola serves as flavouring ingredient in the food industry and is also of great importance during traditional rites in Africa. Despite the well-known pharmaceutical values of the species, efforts to develop improved varieties with enhanced nutraceutical quality is limited due to unavailability of information on variation of genotypes in bioactive compounds in the nuts. The objectives of this research were to evaluate 25 genotypes of kola for bioactive contents, determine relationship between nutritional and phenolic traits and to identify kola genotypes with good nutraceutical quality for use in developing improved varieties. The kola genotypes were established in the field using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Nuts harvested from the blocks, were bulked and used to quantify soluble and insoluble sugars, total protein, moisture, ash, fats, pH, polyphenols, tannins and flavonoids using completely randomized design with three replicates in...
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of alternative cropping systems on farm... more The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of alternative cropping systems on farm net returns, and nitrate-N and sediment yields in Thomas Brook Watershed (TBW). The study involved integrated bio-physical and economic optimization modelling. Crop yield and nitrate-N pollution response functions were estimated and then used in trade-off analysis between farm returns and environmental quality improvement. Five crop rotation systems were evaluated for seven fertilizer levels under conventional tillage (CT) and no-till systems (NT). Nitrate-N leached, as well as estimated maximum economic rate of N (MERN) fertilizer level and marginal abatement costs depended on crop type, rotation system, and tillage type. The most cost effective cropping systems that met restrictions on Health Canada maximum limit on nitrate-N in water included corn-corn-corn-alfalfa-alfalfa under NT for corn-based cropping systems, potato-winter wheat-carrot-corn under CT for vegetable horticulture-ba...
Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 2015
ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Alternative mathematical functional forms commonly applied in modelling crop an... more ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Alternative mathematical functional forms commonly applied in modelling crop and pollution production response to nitrogen (N) fertilizer use were investigated. Data were generated using Soil and Water Assessment Tool modeling, and explicitly accounted for rotation effects on regression parameters. The Mitscherlich-Baule model best represented potato, carrot and alfalfa yield response, while the quadratic model best described corn, winter wheat, and barley yield response to N fertilization. The quadratic functional form also best represented nitrate-N leaching response to N fertilization for most crops. Maximum economic rates of N fertilization for crops were sensitive to residual N effects of previous crops.
Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 2011
National outputs of cocoa beans in Ghana has seen appreciable increases in the last six years due... more National outputs of cocoa beans in Ghana has seen appreciable increases in the last six years due in part to pragmatic policies including the national control of pests and diseases on all cocoa farms, the increased use of fertilizers on farmers' farms and increase in the producer price paid to farmers. However, productivity on farmers' farms remains low at 400 kg/ha against potential yield of over 2.5 tonnes per hectare. The continuous mining of inherent fertility of cocoa soils without replenishment has been identified as major cause of the low productivity of cocoa farms. Using structured survey instruments, this study sought to identify farmer soil fertility management practices that enhances yield and which could be improved by way of research outcomes. A total of 150 farmers from three districts in the Eastern region were randomly selected and interviewed on one-on-one basis between July and October 2008. Farmers' soil fertility management practices included chemical and organic fertilizer application, control of erosion and mulching. Farmers who are members of farmers' associations had better access to fertilizers and also applied the fertilizers correctly and at the right time. The effectiveness of fertilizer application was dependent on effective control of blackpod disease, capsids and judicious pruning and shade management. The findings imply that intensive education of farmers on the need to carry out recommended husbandry practices was critical if soil fertility management strategies are to be translated into improved on-farm productivity.
Environmental Management, 2013
Government priorities on provincial Nutrient Management Planning (NMP) programs include improving... more Government priorities on provincial Nutrient Management Planning (NMP) programs include improving the program effectiveness for environmental quality protection, and promoting more widespread adoption. Understanding the effect of NMP on both crop yield and key water-quality parameters in agricultural watersheds requires a comprehensive evaluation that takes into consideration important NMP attributes and location-specific farming conditions. This study applied the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to investigate the effects of crop and rotation sequence, tillage type, and nutrient N application rate on crop yield and the associated groundwater [Formula: see text] leaching and sediment loss. The SWAT model was applied to the Thomas Brook Watershed, located in the most intensively managed agricultural region of Nova Scotia, Canada. Cropping systems evaluated included seven fertilizer application rates and two tillage systems (i.e., conventional tillage and no-till). The analysis reflected cropping systems commonly managed by farmers in the Annapolis Valley region, including grain corn-based and potato-based cropping systems, and a vegetable-horticulture system. ANOVA models were developed and used to assess the effects of crop management choices on crop yield and two water-quality parameters (i.e., [Formula: see text] leaching and sediment loading). Results suggest that existing recommended N-fertilizer rate can be reduced by 10-25 %, for grain crop production, to significantly lower [Formula: see text] leaching (P > 0.05) while optimizing the crop yield. The analysis identified the nutrient N rates in combination with specific crops and rotation systems that can be used to manage [Formula: see text] leaching while balancing impacts on crop yields within the watershed.
Journal of Bioeconomics, 2017
Eco-efficiency analysis framework was used to evaluate joint economic and environmentally optimal... more Eco-efficiency analysis framework was used to evaluate joint economic and environmentally optimal N application rates for alternative cropping systems managed in a watershed in Atlantic Canada. Eco-efficiency indexes were estimated as the ratio of economic returns from N fertilizer application to groundwater-N leaching associated with crop production. Trade-offs between crop yield and associated reduction in groundwater-N leaching were also estimated. Data for the analysis were generated using the soil and water analysis tool modeling, and allowed for evaluating crop yield and groundwater-N leaching effects for a given crop in rotations assumed to be managed at varying N fertilizer application rates. The cropping systems evaluated included: (i) corn-based cropping systems involving corn-corn-alfalfaalfalfa-alfalfa (CCAAA, and CCCAA) rotations; (ii) potato-based cropping systems B Emmanuel K. Yiridoe
The average age of cocoa farmers over the decades suggest that most people tend to venture cocoa ... more The average age of cocoa farmers over the decades suggest that most people tend to venture cocoa farming career at a latter age of their lives. While older farmers are less likely to well adopt good agricultural practices and are more risk averse in farm investments, young cocoa farmers are more likely to well adopt good agricultural practices to enhance yields. This rationale is partly behind the drive to bring more young people into cocoa farming with the government, donor agencies and civil society organizations making great investments into the young people with the aim to increase national production as well as secure the future of the Ghanaian cocoa industry. However, the young people tend to be considered as a relatively homogenous group when the reality is great heterogeneity in young people’s characteristics, past experiences, and future aspirations. We argue in this paper that it is important to know the typology of youth within the farming communities in order to make jud...
International Journal of Pest Management
African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development
African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development
International Journal of Agronomy, 2021
The use of kola nut, including natural or alternative medicinal sources, has inevitably created a... more The use of kola nut, including natural or alternative medicinal sources, has inevitably created an increased global market demand in excess of its production and provides great prospects for the growth of the kola nut industry in producing countries like Ghana. Nonetheless, there is a great dearth of information on Ghana’s kola nut supply-side practices and constraints that can provide a basis for the development of the industry. This study fills the research gap by describing the practices and constraints of farmers, processors, and marketers of kola nut in Ghana. Using a survey methodology, results showed that nearly all (99.5%) farmers interviewed had not received any extension training on agronomic practices. Low market price of nuts (61.5%) and pests and diseases (60.4%) were the most reported constraints to kola nut production. Chiefs among motivating factors for cultivating kola nut were alternative livelihood support (58%). Some processors (28.6%) who rinsed nuts after depul...
Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 2021
Forests, Trees and Livelihoods, 2022
There is a need for cost-effective methods to reduce nitrogen pollution from agriculture. Margina... more There is a need for cost-effective methods to reduce nitrogen pollution from agriculture. Marginal abatement cost (MAC) curves for nitrate-nitrogen pollution in an agricultural watershed are evaluated using estimated crop yield and nitrate pollution production functions for alternative cropping systems. The cropping systems considered in this study included i) two grain corn-based cropping systems; ii) two potato-based cropping systems; and iii) a vegetable-horticulture system, managed under conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT). The cost-effective potato-based cropping system which met the Health Canada maximum contaminant limit (MCL) for nitrate-N, with the highest gross margin ($6973 ha-1) and lowest abatement cost ($395 ha-1) was a potato-barley-winter wheat-potato-corn rotation under no-till (PBWPC-NT). Similarly, among the vegetable-horticulture cropping systems, potato-winter wheat-carrot-corn rotation under CT (PWRC-CT) generated the highest gross margin and lowest on-f...
The eco-efficiency index (EEI) framework has been used to determine economically and environmenta... more The eco-efficiency index (EEI) framework has been used to determine economically and environmentally optimal nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rates for some pollutants (such as greenhouse gas emissions) for selected agricultural production systems. However, previous EEI applications have not examined N application rates linked to nitrate-N loss from crop production. The research gap is surprising given the importance of nutrient N in crop production and concerns with nitrate-N in groundwater systems. Eco-efficiency of crop production systems are increased for farm management practices which generate higher economic returns and lower negative environmental impacts and, therefore are considered more eco-efficient. Data for the analysis were generated using the SWAT biophysical simulation modeling. The cropping systems evaluated in this study included: i) corn-based cropping systems involving corn-corn-alfalfa-alfalfa-alfalfa (CCAAA), and CCCAA rotations; ii) potato-based cropping s...
Asian Journal of Business and management, 2015
The purpose of this paper is to assess the pilot-scale production, quality and sale of cocoa butt... more The purpose of this paper is to assess the pilot-scale production, quality and sale of cocoa butter and shea butter body pomades in Ghana and to highlight the role of regulatory bodies products in promoting these products. Cocoa butter- and shea butter-based body pomades were produced and sold to the general public at the Cocoa Research Institue of Ghana to determine their ecomic feasibility. The quality of the produts were assessed by the Ghana Standards Authority and the Food and Drug Authority as a requirement before putting up the products for sale. Pilot-scale production of the two products was quite profitable and the capital investment put in the business can be paid back after seven years of production, with Benefit Cost Ratio of 1.01 and 14% internal Rate of Return. Quality assessment of the products showed that they did not contain any harmful materials such as heavy metals and their microbial loads were all below the specification of less than 1.0 x 10(3). The results sug...
International Journal of Pest Management, 2021
The cocoa swollen shoot virus disease persists in Ghana in spite of the implementation of an erad... more The cocoa swollen shoot virus disease persists in Ghana in spite of the implementation of an eradication campaign against the disease by the government since 1948. Two major factors are identified ...
Ask cocoa farmers in Ghana whether they would like their child to be a cocoa farmer and they will... more Ask cocoa farmers in Ghana whether they would like their child to be a cocoa farmer and they will often respond ‘no’. Now, ask if they would like them to go into cocoa business, and the vast majority will say ‘yes’ (Wagner et al., 2015). But what cocoa business opportunities do youth see for themselves within the rural communities? This paper identifies and maps out potential enterprises for youth within some cocoa farming communities in the Fanteakwa District of the Eastern Region of Ghana. A survey was conducted with 251 respondents including adult farmers, young cocoa farmers, and youth not in cocoa. Descriptive and regression analysis were performed on the survey data. The findings suggest a high demand for agricultural services by cocoa farmers mainly for activities such as land preparation and farm maintenance activities (e.g., pesticide spraying, regular weeding and mistletoes removal). Over 59% of the time, the farmers were willing to pay for individual farming activities ra...
Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 2021
Abstract Cocoa Swollen Shoot Virus Disease (CSSVD) has been of great threat to the Ghanaian cocoa... more Abstract Cocoa Swollen Shoot Virus Disease (CSSVD) has been of great threat to the Ghanaian cocoa industry since 1936. Eradication by cutting out and replanting of affected cocoa farms has been the main method of controlling the disease in Ghana. Also, considerable research efforts have yielded several recommendations that farmers are expected to implement to limit the spread of the disease. However, the disease keeps spreading to new areas at an increasing rate. This study is the first to assess the depth and extent of farmers' adoption of recommended preventive and treatment measures respectively. We explore the rate of adoption and factors that affect the probability and depth of adoption of the recommended preventive measures, as well as the willingness of cocoa farmers to treat affected farms by eradication. Results showed that farmers' awareness of the recommended preventive measures significantly influenced both the probability and depth of adoption of these measures. The extent of adoption of recommended treatment procedures was very low (5%). It is therefore, recommended that the Ghana government through the Cocoa Board focuses on intensive farmer education and information dissemination through extension to increase farmer knowledge and awareness of the recommended preventive measures and treatment procedures. Also, factors such as farmers' knowledge of the causal agent, effects of the disease on cocoa, farmers’ perception of the environment (i.e., whether neighbouring farms have been affected and land tenure arrangements) and adoption of a preventive measure significantly influenced farmers’ willingness to treat CSSVD affected farms. These factors should be considered in packaging the recommended technologies and the strategy for information dissemination.
PLOS ONE, 2020
Cola nitida known as Kola serves as flavouring ingredient in the food industry and is also of gre... more Cola nitida known as Kola serves as flavouring ingredient in the food industry and is also of great importance during traditional rites in Africa. Despite the well-known pharmaceutical values of the species, efforts to develop improved varieties with enhanced nutraceutical quality is limited due to unavailability of information on variation of genotypes in bioactive compounds in the nuts. The objectives of this research were to evaluate 25 genotypes of kola for bioactive contents, determine relationship between nutritional and phenolic traits and to identify kola genotypes with good nutraceutical quality for use in developing improved varieties. The kola genotypes were established in the field using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Nuts harvested from the blocks, were bulked and used to quantify soluble and insoluble sugars, total protein, moisture, ash, fats, pH, polyphenols, tannins and flavonoids using completely randomized design with three replicates in...
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of alternative cropping systems on farm... more The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of alternative cropping systems on farm net returns, and nitrate-N and sediment yields in Thomas Brook Watershed (TBW). The study involved integrated bio-physical and economic optimization modelling. Crop yield and nitrate-N pollution response functions were estimated and then used in trade-off analysis between farm returns and environmental quality improvement. Five crop rotation systems were evaluated for seven fertilizer levels under conventional tillage (CT) and no-till systems (NT). Nitrate-N leached, as well as estimated maximum economic rate of N (MERN) fertilizer level and marginal abatement costs depended on crop type, rotation system, and tillage type. The most cost effective cropping systems that met restrictions on Health Canada maximum limit on nitrate-N in water included corn-corn-corn-alfalfa-alfalfa under NT for corn-based cropping systems, potato-winter wheat-carrot-corn under CT for vegetable horticulture-ba...
Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 2015
ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Alternative mathematical functional forms commonly applied in modelling crop an... more ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Alternative mathematical functional forms commonly applied in modelling crop and pollution production response to nitrogen (N) fertilizer use were investigated. Data were generated using Soil and Water Assessment Tool modeling, and explicitly accounted for rotation effects on regression parameters. The Mitscherlich-Baule model best represented potato, carrot and alfalfa yield response, while the quadratic model best described corn, winter wheat, and barley yield response to N fertilization. The quadratic functional form also best represented nitrate-N leaching response to N fertilization for most crops. Maximum economic rates of N fertilization for crops were sensitive to residual N effects of previous crops.
Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 2011
National outputs of cocoa beans in Ghana has seen appreciable increases in the last six years due... more National outputs of cocoa beans in Ghana has seen appreciable increases in the last six years due in part to pragmatic policies including the national control of pests and diseases on all cocoa farms, the increased use of fertilizers on farmers' farms and increase in the producer price paid to farmers. However, productivity on farmers' farms remains low at 400 kg/ha against potential yield of over 2.5 tonnes per hectare. The continuous mining of inherent fertility of cocoa soils without replenishment has been identified as major cause of the low productivity of cocoa farms. Using structured survey instruments, this study sought to identify farmer soil fertility management practices that enhances yield and which could be improved by way of research outcomes. A total of 150 farmers from three districts in the Eastern region were randomly selected and interviewed on one-on-one basis between July and October 2008. Farmers' soil fertility management practices included chemical and organic fertilizer application, control of erosion and mulching. Farmers who are members of farmers' associations had better access to fertilizers and also applied the fertilizers correctly and at the right time. The effectiveness of fertilizer application was dependent on effective control of blackpod disease, capsids and judicious pruning and shade management. The findings imply that intensive education of farmers on the need to carry out recommended husbandry practices was critical if soil fertility management strategies are to be translated into improved on-farm productivity.
Environmental Management, 2013
Government priorities on provincial Nutrient Management Planning (NMP) programs include improving... more Government priorities on provincial Nutrient Management Planning (NMP) programs include improving the program effectiveness for environmental quality protection, and promoting more widespread adoption. Understanding the effect of NMP on both crop yield and key water-quality parameters in agricultural watersheds requires a comprehensive evaluation that takes into consideration important NMP attributes and location-specific farming conditions. This study applied the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to investigate the effects of crop and rotation sequence, tillage type, and nutrient N application rate on crop yield and the associated groundwater [Formula: see text] leaching and sediment loss. The SWAT model was applied to the Thomas Brook Watershed, located in the most intensively managed agricultural region of Nova Scotia, Canada. Cropping systems evaluated included seven fertilizer application rates and two tillage systems (i.e., conventional tillage and no-till). The analysis reflected cropping systems commonly managed by farmers in the Annapolis Valley region, including grain corn-based and potato-based cropping systems, and a vegetable-horticulture system. ANOVA models were developed and used to assess the effects of crop management choices on crop yield and two water-quality parameters (i.e., [Formula: see text] leaching and sediment loading). Results suggest that existing recommended N-fertilizer rate can be reduced by 10-25 %, for grain crop production, to significantly lower [Formula: see text] leaching (P > 0.05) while optimizing the crop yield. The analysis identified the nutrient N rates in combination with specific crops and rotation systems that can be used to manage [Formula: see text] leaching while balancing impacts on crop yields within the watershed.
Journal of Bioeconomics, 2017
Eco-efficiency analysis framework was used to evaluate joint economic and environmentally optimal... more Eco-efficiency analysis framework was used to evaluate joint economic and environmentally optimal N application rates for alternative cropping systems managed in a watershed in Atlantic Canada. Eco-efficiency indexes were estimated as the ratio of economic returns from N fertilizer application to groundwater-N leaching associated with crop production. Trade-offs between crop yield and associated reduction in groundwater-N leaching were also estimated. Data for the analysis were generated using the soil and water analysis tool modeling, and allowed for evaluating crop yield and groundwater-N leaching effects for a given crop in rotations assumed to be managed at varying N fertilizer application rates. The cropping systems evaluated included: (i) corn-based cropping systems involving corn-corn-alfalfaalfalfa-alfalfa (CCAAA, and CCCAA) rotations; (ii) potato-based cropping systems B Emmanuel K. Yiridoe
The average age of cocoa farmers over the decades suggest that most people tend to venture cocoa ... more The average age of cocoa farmers over the decades suggest that most people tend to venture cocoa farming career at a latter age of their lives. While older farmers are less likely to well adopt good agricultural practices and are more risk averse in farm investments, young cocoa farmers are more likely to well adopt good agricultural practices to enhance yields. This rationale is partly behind the drive to bring more young people into cocoa farming with the government, donor agencies and civil society organizations making great investments into the young people with the aim to increase national production as well as secure the future of the Ghanaian cocoa industry. However, the young people tend to be considered as a relatively homogenous group when the reality is great heterogeneity in young people’s characteristics, past experiences, and future aspirations. We argue in this paper that it is important to know the typology of youth within the farming communities in order to make jud...
International Journal of Pest Management
African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development
African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development