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Papers by Fredrick J . Long

Research paper thumbnail of Ἐϰϰλησία in Ephesians as Godlike in the Heavens, in Temple, in γάμος, and in Armor

SBL Press eBooks, Feb 23, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Arise n shine, daughter Zion of the Messiah Jesus (Video)

https://place.asburyseminary.edu/ecommonsatschapelservices/7863/thumbnail.jp

Research paper thumbnail of Vital Relations and Major Structural Relationships: Heuristic Approaches to Observe and Explore Biblical and Other Discourse

In their book, The Way We Think: Conceptual Blending and the Mind's Hidden Complexities (2002), G... more In their book, The Way We Think: Conceptual Blending and the Mind's Hidden Complexities (2002), Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner describe within Conceptual Integration Theory (CIT) a set of "vital relations" (VRs) at the core of meaning making that compress and blend ideas simultaneously. "Compression in blending networks operates on a surprisingly small set of relations rooted in fundamental human neurobiology and shared social experience.

Research paper thumbnail of Major Structural Relationships: A Survey of Origins, Development, Classifications, and Assessment

A central feature to Inductive Bible Study (IBS) are Major Structural Relationships (MSRs), despi... more A central feature to Inductive Bible Study (IBS) are Major Structural Relationships (MSRs), despite some variation in the number, identification, descriptions, and organization of them. These relationships are endemic to human communication; hence, their description is vital for accurate and holistic observation of biblical materials. The origin of MSRs is traceable to the 19th century art instruction of John Ruskin. He himself was aware that his insights into composition extended beyond artistic to musical and literary composition. Practitioners of IBS have continued to develop and describe rigorously methodologies surrounding the identification of MSRs, especially at Asbury Theological Seminary. A survey and review of the development of MSRs within the IBS movement reveals that stability of their identification as well as an openness to refine them (even adding to them) has been an asset for practitioners of IBS. The genius of IBS has been its major practitioners' conceiving MSRs as central in the quest for truth, and especially the truth of God's Word.

Research paper thumbnail of Ephesians: Paul’s Political Theology in Greco-Roman Political Context

, at the annual ETS meeting in San Diego, Ca. for the "Paul Study Group: Paul & Empire." Many tha... more , at the annual ETS meeting in San Diego, Ca. for the "Paul Study Group: Paul & Empire." Many thanks to Linda Belleville for asking me to participate in that worthy discussion, and to Eckhard Schnabel for responding vigorously to my paper, which has only strengthened my argument and my resolve with respect to my general thesis. BDAG, s.v. "one who is associated w. Christ, Christ-partisan, Christian." The rst examples with the same ending-ιανός are῾Ηρῳδιανοί and Καισαριανοί, the latter from Epict. Diss. 1.19 in reference to "the household members" of Caesar. Χριστιανός is found also in Acts 26:28, in which in reply to Paul's attempts to convince King Agrippa of the truth of Christ in historical events and as revealed in the Prophets, Agrippa replies "In so little time you are attempting to make me a Christian? [ἐν ὀλίγῳ µε πείθεις Χριστιανὸν ποιῆσαι;]" The only other occurrence is in 1 Pet 4:16 where one is encouraged to su fer as a Christian knowing that judgment will begin in the "household of God." Cf. G. Schneider, s.v., EDNT, 3:478, who suggests the designation originated with outsiders observing the disciples as a separate group.

Research paper thumbnail of Redeeming The Now

https://place.asburyseminary.edu/ecommonsatschapelservices/1593/thumbnail.jp

Research paper thumbnail of Christ's gifted bride: gendered members in ministry in Acts and Paul

Research paper thumbnail of “Every Knee Bowed”

SBL Press eBooks, Nov 16, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Arise n shine, daughter Zion of the Messiah Jesus

https://place.asburyseminary.edu/ecommonsatschapelservices/7864/thumbnail.jp

Research paper thumbnail of Roman Imperial Rule under the Authority of Jupiter-Zeus: Political-Religious Contexts and the Interpretation of ‘the Ruler of the Authority of the Air’ in Ephesians 2:2

BRILL eBooks, 2013

This chapter states the “amalgamate approach”, where the interpreters attempt to arrive at a deep... more This chapter states the “amalgamate approach”, where the interpreters attempt to arrive at a deeper theological significance at the expense of the semantically significant surface-level grammar of 2:2. It argues that one should take into account the surface grammatical structure of 2:2, and considers what the unique lexical content would have meant to the original Gentile audience in its sociopolitical and imperial context. Warrant for interpreting Jupiter-Zeus as the authority of the air comes from the widespread use of Homer as a curriculum accompanied with scholia associating Zeus with air and the fact that Zeus occurs two and a half times more frequently on dedicatory inscriptions than any other deity in Asia Minor. Jupiter-Zeus in the broader Mediterranean world was associated with supreme power and authority. The Roman emperors were additionally associated, if not identified, with Jupiter starting with Augustus. Keywords:amalgamate approach; Augustus; authority; jupiter-zeus; Roman emperors; roman imperial rule

Research paper thumbnail of Forensic exigency

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Oct 14, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Topoi for each subtype of the qualitative stasis

Research paper thumbnail of How the peroratio (12.11–13.10) summarizes 2 Corinthians

Research paper thumbnail of An apology for the unity of 2 Corinthians

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Oct 14, 2004

Introduction and overview Ever since Johann S. Semler's commentary on 2 Corinthians in 1776, ... more Introduction and overview Ever since Johann S. Semler's commentary on 2 Corinthians in 1776, scholars have debated its compositional unity. After Semler, a flood of partition theories followed (see the surveys of Hyldahl, 1973, Betz, 1985, and Bieringer, 1994b). Interpreters typically assume that 2 Corinthians is a composite letter of two or more letters or letter fragments. The number of individual letters and their respective order (also in relation to 1 Corinthians) vary greatly. Scholars have held to as few as two distinct letters: chaps. 1–9 and chaps. 10–13 (e.g., Bruce, 1971). Others have argued that 2 Corinthians contains five distinct letters or fragments: 1.1–2.13 with 7.5–16; 2.14–7.4 (excluding 6.14–7.1); chap. 8; chap. 9; chaps. 10–13 (e.g., Betz, 1985; cf. Bornkamm, 1965) or more (e.g., Schmithals, 1973). Furthermore, 2 Corinthians 6.14–7.1 is considered non-Pauline material. It is standard in current scholarship to ask where to find these smaller letters and how best to understand them according to epistolary and rhetorical conventions. Considerable confusion results when interpreting 2 Corinthians and reconstructing Paul's theology. Presently, interpreters are left to determine the meaning of parts of 2 Corinthians on the basis of hypothetically reconstructed letters placed in a reconstructed chronological sequence in order to understand the reconstructed situation and Paul's theological response(s). Moreover, if 2 Corinthians is not understood as a unity, an ambiguity arises concerning how the church can adequately appropriate this composite letter in its final form (see Kurz, 1996, who attempts to overcome this dilemma through a canonical–critical approach).

Research paper thumbnail of The rhetoric of 2 Corinthians and the nature of Paul's theology

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Oct 14, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of The rhetorical exigency of 2 Corinthians

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Oct 14, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of A rhetorical analysis of 2 Corinthians as ancient apology

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Oct 14, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of The rhetorical invention of 2 Corinthians

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Oct 14, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Forensic invention

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Oct 14, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of The rhetorical disposition of 2 Corinthians

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Oct 14, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Ἐϰϰλησία in Ephesians as Godlike in the Heavens, in Temple, in γάμος, and in Armor

SBL Press eBooks, Feb 23, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Arise n shine, daughter Zion of the Messiah Jesus (Video)

https://place.asburyseminary.edu/ecommonsatschapelservices/7863/thumbnail.jp

Research paper thumbnail of Vital Relations and Major Structural Relationships: Heuristic Approaches to Observe and Explore Biblical and Other Discourse

In their book, The Way We Think: Conceptual Blending and the Mind's Hidden Complexities (2002), G... more In their book, The Way We Think: Conceptual Blending and the Mind's Hidden Complexities (2002), Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner describe within Conceptual Integration Theory (CIT) a set of "vital relations" (VRs) at the core of meaning making that compress and blend ideas simultaneously. "Compression in blending networks operates on a surprisingly small set of relations rooted in fundamental human neurobiology and shared social experience.

Research paper thumbnail of Major Structural Relationships: A Survey of Origins, Development, Classifications, and Assessment

A central feature to Inductive Bible Study (IBS) are Major Structural Relationships (MSRs), despi... more A central feature to Inductive Bible Study (IBS) are Major Structural Relationships (MSRs), despite some variation in the number, identification, descriptions, and organization of them. These relationships are endemic to human communication; hence, their description is vital for accurate and holistic observation of biblical materials. The origin of MSRs is traceable to the 19th century art instruction of John Ruskin. He himself was aware that his insights into composition extended beyond artistic to musical and literary composition. Practitioners of IBS have continued to develop and describe rigorously methodologies surrounding the identification of MSRs, especially at Asbury Theological Seminary. A survey and review of the development of MSRs within the IBS movement reveals that stability of their identification as well as an openness to refine them (even adding to them) has been an asset for practitioners of IBS. The genius of IBS has been its major practitioners' conceiving MSRs as central in the quest for truth, and especially the truth of God's Word.

Research paper thumbnail of Ephesians: Paul’s Political Theology in Greco-Roman Political Context

, at the annual ETS meeting in San Diego, Ca. for the "Paul Study Group: Paul & Empire." Many tha... more , at the annual ETS meeting in San Diego, Ca. for the "Paul Study Group: Paul & Empire." Many thanks to Linda Belleville for asking me to participate in that worthy discussion, and to Eckhard Schnabel for responding vigorously to my paper, which has only strengthened my argument and my resolve with respect to my general thesis. BDAG, s.v. "one who is associated w. Christ, Christ-partisan, Christian." The rst examples with the same ending-ιανός are῾Ηρῳδιανοί and Καισαριανοί, the latter from Epict. Diss. 1.19 in reference to "the household members" of Caesar. Χριστιανός is found also in Acts 26:28, in which in reply to Paul's attempts to convince King Agrippa of the truth of Christ in historical events and as revealed in the Prophets, Agrippa replies "In so little time you are attempting to make me a Christian? [ἐν ὀλίγῳ µε πείθεις Χριστιανὸν ποιῆσαι;]" The only other occurrence is in 1 Pet 4:16 where one is encouraged to su fer as a Christian knowing that judgment will begin in the "household of God." Cf. G. Schneider, s.v., EDNT, 3:478, who suggests the designation originated with outsiders observing the disciples as a separate group.

Research paper thumbnail of Redeeming The Now

https://place.asburyseminary.edu/ecommonsatschapelservices/1593/thumbnail.jp

Research paper thumbnail of Christ's gifted bride: gendered members in ministry in Acts and Paul

Research paper thumbnail of “Every Knee Bowed”

SBL Press eBooks, Nov 16, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Arise n shine, daughter Zion of the Messiah Jesus

https://place.asburyseminary.edu/ecommonsatschapelservices/7864/thumbnail.jp

Research paper thumbnail of Roman Imperial Rule under the Authority of Jupiter-Zeus: Political-Religious Contexts and the Interpretation of ‘the Ruler of the Authority of the Air’ in Ephesians 2:2

BRILL eBooks, 2013

This chapter states the “amalgamate approach”, where the interpreters attempt to arrive at a deep... more This chapter states the “amalgamate approach”, where the interpreters attempt to arrive at a deeper theological significance at the expense of the semantically significant surface-level grammar of 2:2. It argues that one should take into account the surface grammatical structure of 2:2, and considers what the unique lexical content would have meant to the original Gentile audience in its sociopolitical and imperial context. Warrant for interpreting Jupiter-Zeus as the authority of the air comes from the widespread use of Homer as a curriculum accompanied with scholia associating Zeus with air and the fact that Zeus occurs two and a half times more frequently on dedicatory inscriptions than any other deity in Asia Minor. Jupiter-Zeus in the broader Mediterranean world was associated with supreme power and authority. The Roman emperors were additionally associated, if not identified, with Jupiter starting with Augustus. Keywords:amalgamate approach; Augustus; authority; jupiter-zeus; Roman emperors; roman imperial rule

Research paper thumbnail of Forensic exigency

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Oct 14, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Topoi for each subtype of the qualitative stasis

Research paper thumbnail of How the peroratio (12.11–13.10) summarizes 2 Corinthians

Research paper thumbnail of An apology for the unity of 2 Corinthians

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Oct 14, 2004

Introduction and overview Ever since Johann S. Semler's commentary on 2 Corinthians in 1776, ... more Introduction and overview Ever since Johann S. Semler's commentary on 2 Corinthians in 1776, scholars have debated its compositional unity. After Semler, a flood of partition theories followed (see the surveys of Hyldahl, 1973, Betz, 1985, and Bieringer, 1994b). Interpreters typically assume that 2 Corinthians is a composite letter of two or more letters or letter fragments. The number of individual letters and their respective order (also in relation to 1 Corinthians) vary greatly. Scholars have held to as few as two distinct letters: chaps. 1–9 and chaps. 10–13 (e.g., Bruce, 1971). Others have argued that 2 Corinthians contains five distinct letters or fragments: 1.1–2.13 with 7.5–16; 2.14–7.4 (excluding 6.14–7.1); chap. 8; chap. 9; chaps. 10–13 (e.g., Betz, 1985; cf. Bornkamm, 1965) or more (e.g., Schmithals, 1973). Furthermore, 2 Corinthians 6.14–7.1 is considered non-Pauline material. It is standard in current scholarship to ask where to find these smaller letters and how best to understand them according to epistolary and rhetorical conventions. Considerable confusion results when interpreting 2 Corinthians and reconstructing Paul's theology. Presently, interpreters are left to determine the meaning of parts of 2 Corinthians on the basis of hypothetically reconstructed letters placed in a reconstructed chronological sequence in order to understand the reconstructed situation and Paul's theological response(s). Moreover, if 2 Corinthians is not understood as a unity, an ambiguity arises concerning how the church can adequately appropriate this composite letter in its final form (see Kurz, 1996, who attempts to overcome this dilemma through a canonical–critical approach).

Research paper thumbnail of The rhetoric of 2 Corinthians and the nature of Paul's theology

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Oct 14, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of The rhetorical exigency of 2 Corinthians

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Oct 14, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of A rhetorical analysis of 2 Corinthians as ancient apology

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Oct 14, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of The rhetorical invention of 2 Corinthians

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Oct 14, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Forensic invention

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Oct 14, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of The rhetorical disposition of 2 Corinthians

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Oct 14, 2004