Fredy Archila - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Fredy Archila

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Guatemala is recognized for its diverse and rich flora and fauna. It is estimated that over 1200 ... more Guatemala is recognized for its diverse and rich flora and fauna. It is estimated that over 1200 orchid species, classified in 223 genera, are known to occur in this rather small, yet megadiverse country. While studying the diversity of this plant group in the department of Baja Verapaz, we found individuals that clearly belonged to the genus Schiedeella, but whose features did not fit any previously known species. At that time, nine terrestrial taxon representatives were known to occur in Guatemala. We conducted the morphological analysis in accordance with the standard procedures of classical taxonomy. For phylogenetic reconstruction, 59 sequences of the ITS region and 48 of the trnL-trnF marker were applied. The topology of trees was obtained based on the Bayesian inference. Schiedeella bajaverapacensis was described and illustrated based on morphological evidence, and its taxonomic position was confirmed by phylogenetic analyses. The new entity is the 10th Schiedeella representa...

Scientific Reports

Ornithophily has been long speculated to occur in the subtribe Maxillariinae (Orchidaceae), relyi... more Ornithophily has been long speculated to occur in the subtribe Maxillariinae (Orchidaceae), relying either solely on micromorphological analyses or scarce field observations of undefined species. In Guatemala we were able to observe regular visits of the azure-crowned hummingbirds feeding on flowers of Ornithidium fulgens. These observations have led us to investigation of floral attractants by means of scanning and transmission microscopy, histochemical and chemical analyses (GC–MS). Conducted investigation revealed that the epidermis of basal protuberance of column-foot has features proving the secretory activity and that secreted nectar is sucrose-dominant. Slight secretion on the middle part of the lip is puzzling. The presence of other potential pollinators has not been reported. Based on the results of this study, we confirmed that the flowers of O. fulgens meet all criteria of ornithophily and thus that the hypothesis about bird pollination in the subtribe Maxillariinae is pr...

Diversity, 2021

Masdevallia Ruiz. & Pav. in the broad concept comprises about 350 species distributed from southe... more Masdevallia Ruiz. & Pav. in the broad concept comprises about 350 species distributed from southern Mexico to southern Brazil with the highest diversity in the Andes of Ecuador and Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia. Until now, only six species have been found in Guatemala. While studying the diversity of the orchid flora in this megadiverse country, we came across plants that in terms of morphological characteristics, were intermediate between M. floribunda Lindl. and M. tuerckheimii Ames. All three taxa are pollinated by two so far undescribed species of Zygothrica fruit flies. In the presented work, we describe the new entity as a new natural hybrid. This is the first record of the hybridization within the genus Masdevallia from Guatemala.

Biodiversity: Research and Conservation, 2013

A new species of the orchid genus Stelis Sw. - S. anagraciae Archila & Szlach. - from Guatemala i... more A new species of the orchid genus Stelis Sw. - S. anagraciae Archila & Szlach. - from Guatemala is described and illustrated.

Lankesteriana, 2013

and Unciferia). Based on analyses that have evaluated the phylogenetic relationships of Stelis, i... more and Unciferia). Based on analyses that have evaluated the phylogenetic relationships of Stelis, in this work we compare and discuss both proposals. The concept of Stelis s.l. encompasses a monophyletic group with variable morphology among its members but with strong support. Against this, it has been argued that there are no morphological synapomorphies that define the group and, hence, it is preferable to divide it. However, this consideration forgets the fact that morphology is not the only criterion useful in delimiting a taxonomic group. On the other hand, following this approach leads to taxonomic inflation and complicates a classification system that otherwise would be easier to learn and use. Some groups segregated from Stelis s.l. are not monophyletic (Dracontia, Effusiella); others are monotypic and defined by autapomorphies (Lalexia, Mystacorchis). Furthermore, more phylogenetic work is necessary to evaluate the position of some species previously transferred to Stelis s.l. that seem to be more closely related to Pleurothallis (e.g. Stelis quadrifida, S. restrepioides).

Biodiversity: Research and Conservation, 2013

Two new species of Guatemalan Cyclopogoninae are described and illustrated; one of them represent... more Two new species of Guatemalan Cyclopogoninae are described and illustrated; one of them represents the Mesoamerican genus Potosia (Schltr.) R. Gonzalez & Szlach. ex Mytnik, the other - Neotropical Pelexia Poit. ex Rich. They are compared with other Guatemalan members of the genera.

Bayes tree concatenated matri

Data matrix of the plastid atpBrbc

Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2019

Usama K. Abdel-Hameed Fredy Archila Josef Bogner Mónica M. Carlsen Lars Chatrou Guy Chiron Lynn G... more Usama K. Abdel-Hameed Fredy Archila Josef Bogner Mónica M. Carlsen Lars Chatrou Guy Chiron Lynn G. Clark Marcus Nadruz Coelho Inês Cordeiro Thomas Couvreur Meshack Nkosinathi Dludlu James A. Doyle Florian Etl John V. Freudenstein Dmitry German Thomas Givnish Peter Goldblatt Alan Graham Carolina Granados Mendoza Michael H. Grayum Patrick S. Herendeen Bruce Holst Juan A. Jiménez Richard C. Keating Marta Kras Modesto Luceño Garcés Yi-Bo Luo Artur Maia Karol Marhold Otávio Marques Gordon D. McPherson M. Marcela Mora-Pinto Muthama Muasya Steve O’Kane Richard G. Olmstead Orlando Ortiz Cassia Mônica Sakuragui Diego Salariato George E. Schatz Lourdes Soares Philip Sollman Gustavo Souza Daniel Spalink Tariq Stévart Peter F. Stevens Hans ter Steege Benjamin van Ee Francisco Maria Vázquez Alex C. Wiedenhoeft

FIGURE 4. Magnolia veliziana A. Habit. B. Flower in the female phase. C, D. Flower in male phase ... more FIGURE 4. Magnolia veliziana A. Habit. B. Flower in the female phase. C, D. Flower in male phase E-H. Gynoecium and pubescence. F. Holotype. G. Polyfollicles after dehiscence. I. Seeds and dehiscing fruits. Photographs by E. Tribouillier.

Magnolia javieri A.Vázquez, Tribouillier & Archila, sp. nov.&... more Magnolia javieri A.Vázquez, Tribouillier & Archila, sp. nov. (Fig. 2) Type:— GUATEMALA. Alta Verapaz: Municipality of Tactic, Finca Río Frio, 1345 m, 15°20'32.7"N, 90°25'09.1"W, with Spondias purpurea, Liquidambar styraciflua, Alnus acuminata; Perymenium grande, Persea schiedeana and Pouteria viridis, Feb 2015 (fl, fr), Tribouillier & Archila MG-077 (holotype: BIGU; isotype: IBUG). Magnolia javieri belongs to the M. sect. Magnolia and is similar to M. archilana, also from Alta Verapaz, differing from the latter in its smaller, abaxially glabrous leaves vs. abaxially ferruginous-pubescent on the veins, apex deeply emarginate vs. round, apiculate; smaller flowers and fruits (Table 1). Another similar species is M. guatemalensis from the Alta Verapaz Department. It differs in its longer petiole, smaller leaves and abaxially glabrous, shorter peduncles, smaller flowers, sepals and petals, fewer stamens, glabrescent polyfollicles and more carpels. Table 1. Comparison of Magnolia javieri with M. archilana and M. guatemalensis. Trees 9.0–12.0 m tall, 30.0 cm diameter at 1.3 m above ground; branches 0.5 cm in diameter; petiole 2.3–2.8 × 0.2–0.3 cm, inconspicuously ribbed and basally slightly geniculate glabrous; leaves 9.0–11.0 × 5.0– 7.5 cm, obovate, glabrous on both surfaces, with 14 veins per side, apex deeply emarginate, base obtuse, strongly revolute; flowers 9.0– 10.0 cm in diameter, white; perules 0.9 × 0.3 cm, glabrous; rough, spathaceous bract 1, 2.0 cm long and 2.0 cm wide, glabrous on both surfaces, with a small group of hairs on the apex; flower peduncle 1.5–1.8 × 0.4–0.6 cm, glabrous, ribbed; sepals 3, 4.0–4.3 × 1.5–1.7 cm, white-greenish, glabrous, oblong, rounded apex, with conspicuous veins; petals 6, 4.5–4.6 × 2.2–2.3 cm, white, spatulate, glabrous; staminophore 0.5–0.7 cm long; purple; stamens 80–82, 0.8–0.9 cm long; gynoecium 1.6–1.8 × 1.0– 1.2 cm, greenish white, glabrescent w [...]

FIGURE 2. Magnolia javieri. A. Flower after male phase. B-C. Flowering branches and leaves. D. De... more FIGURE 2. Magnolia javieri. A. Flower after male phase. B-C. Flowering branches and leaves. D. Dehiscing fruit. E. Abaxial side of leaf. F. Seedlings. Photographs by F. Archila.

Phytotaxa

Two new species of Magnolia from Guatemala are described and illustrated, one belonging to Magnol... more Two new species of Magnolia from Guatemala are described and illustrated, one belonging to Magnolia sect. Magnolia, M. weerakitana from Alta Verapaz Department, and the other to Magnolia sect. Talauma, M. quichensis, from Quiché Department. Magnolia lacandonica is first recorded for the flora of Guatemala. In this contribution, the number of native species of the genus for Guatemala increased from 15 to 18 species, occupying fourth place in the diversity of species of the genus in the Neotropics. We provide a map for magnolias for the Departments and an updated key to Guatemalan magnolias. The status of the two new species is proposed as endangered (EN) and as critically endangered (CR) according to IUCN criteria.

Magnolia faustinomirandae A.Vázquez (2013: 463) (Fig. 5). Type:— MÉXICO. Chiap... more Magnolia faustinomirandae A.Vázquez (2013: 463) (Fig. 5). Type:— MÉXICO. Chiapas: 5 km south-east of Jitotol along the road to Bochil, Municipality Jitotol, open forest with Pinus, Quercus, Nyssa, Liquidambar and Brunellia, 1600 m, 9 Jan 1981 (fr), Breedlove 49350 (holotype: CAS!, 2 sheets; isotypes: CH! MEXU!). Magnolia faustinomirandae belongs to the Magnolia sect. Magnolia and has been previously confirmed only from populations in cloud forests near the type locality but not verified in situ for the last four decades. Based on morphology and supported by shared climate (similar rainfall and temperature regimes), M. faustinomirandae is here confirmed from several populations in Quiché, Guatemala. Despite differences in the underlying geology between these disjunct populations (ca. 247 km apart), magnolias are not lithophytes, but rather rely on soil quality. Additionally, M. faustinomirandae shares with M. mayae a similar biogeographical niche, the former occurring within 124 km of radius and the latter within 104 km of radius, the two geographically converging at the Maya Highlands in Quiché, Guatemala, where they are only 7 km apart and diverging in the Tierras Altas de Chiapas (Morrone 2017) where they are 66 km apart. However, the two species differ in leaf morphology and habitat, M. mayae much larger (nearly twice as long) in rainforest (760–1350 m), whereas M. faustinomirandae occurs in open cloud forests (1400–1700 m) often composed of pines and oaks. Furthermore, the distribution of these three species could in part be explained by bird dispersal, since tucaneta esmeralda (Aulacorhynchus prasinus) and motmot have been observed to disperse Magnolia seeds (F.Archila, unpubl.) and they also occur in the upper Mesaoamerican region (https://ebird.org/home). Trees 5.0–23.0 m tall, 40.0–50.0 cm DBH; terminal twigs 0.5–0.8 × 0.4–0.5; petioles 1.5–3.0 cm, thickened at [...]

FIGURE 5. Magnolia faustinomirandae. A-B. Flower at male phase. C. Isolated trees. D. Mature poly... more FIGURE 5. Magnolia faustinomirandae. A-B. Flower at male phase. C. Isolated trees. D. Mature polyfollicles. E. Dehiscing fruit. F. Seeds, fruit after dehiscence. Photographs by E. Tribouillier.

Key to the native species of Magnolia in Guatemala 1 Petioles with conspicuous... more Key to the native species of Magnolia in Guatemala 1 Petioles with conspicuous stipular scar, polyfollicles with circumscissile dehiscence (Magnolia sect. Talauma)............................2 - Petioles without stipular scar, polyfollicles with dorsal dehiscence (Magnolia sect. Magnolia).......................................................4 2 Carpels 7–12, stamens 40–44, leaves 6.9–8.1 cm wide...................................................................................................... M. quetzal - Carpels 22–42, stamens 75–108, leaves 12.0–23.0 cm wide.............................................................................................................3 3 Flowers 20.2–22.2 cm in diameter, leaves 40.0–42.0 × 18.9–23.0 cm, carpels 38–42, floral bracts 2................................... M. ottoi -...

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Scientific Reports

Diversity, 2021

Biodiversity: Research and Conservation, 2013

Lankesteriana, 2013

Biodiversity: Research and Conservation, 2013

Bayes tree concatenated matri

Data matrix of the plastid atpBrbc

Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2019

Phytotaxa