Janet Fulton - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Janet Fulton

Poultry Science, Jun 1, 2019

Avian Diseases, Jun 1, 2013

A challenge test following inoculation with a standard amount of a vv+ strain of the Marek&am... more A challenge test following inoculation with a standard amount of a vv+ strain of the Marek&amp;#39;s disease (MD) virus in multiple lines and multiple generations of egg type chicken and the corresponding phenotypic trend are described. This program significantly reduced mortality of progeny from selected sires for three to 11 generations in eight of the nine elite lines studied herein. In brown egg lines, a retrospective analysis of DNA indicated an association between the blood type B (major histocompatibility complex) of the sire and the MD mortality in the challenge of its progeny. As a result of the multigeneration stock amplification and crossbreeding processes used in the commercial breeding industry, improvement in survival after challenge at the elite level will translate to improved welfare for millions of birds at the commercial production level.

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section A-animal Science, Feb 21, 2020

The Finnish Landrace breed of chickens (in Finnish suomalainen maatiaiskana) traces its origins t... more The Finnish Landrace breed of chickens (in Finnish suomalainen maatiaiskana) traces its origins to almost 1,000 years ago. Today, remnant populations of phenotypically distinct lineages are maintained by a network of volunteer hobbyists in Finland, managed by Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke). Guided by a prior Major Histocompatibility Complex B-locus haplotype study, we sought now to characterize genetically Finnish Landrace chickens using denser genomic sampling. A new panel of 101 selectively neutral SNP sites was used to interrogate genetic variation in 192 individuals sampled from 13 putatively distinctive population units. Individuals partitioned into K = 11 genetic clusters characterized by high levels of genetic diversity, strong patterns of genetic structure and low levels of inbreeding. Evidence of an undocumented genetic lineage was also discovered. Facilitated by an inexpensive SNP assay, this study shows that the genetic integrity of the Finnish Landrace persists and represents a rich resource of natural (adaptive) genomic variation.

Journal of Heredity, May 1, 1983

Page 1. The Journal of Heredity 74:184-188. 1983. Defective feathers in Japanese quail A two-locu... more Page 1. The Journal of Heredity 74:184-188. 1983. Defective feathers in Japanese quail A two-locus model for a new trait ABSTRACT: A new feather-structure mutation In Japanese quail {Cotumlx coturnlx Japonl-ca) is characterized ...

Journal of Virology, Oct 1, 1995

Cytogenetic and Genome Research

Genetics Selection Evolution

Background As cage-free production systems become increasingly popular, behavioral traits such as... more Background As cage-free production systems become increasingly popular, behavioral traits such as nesting behavior and temperament have become more important. The objective of this study was to estimate heritabilities for frequency of perching and proportion of floor eggs and their genetic correlation in two Rhode Island Red lines. Results The percent of hens observed perching tended to increase and the proportion of eggs laid on the floor tended to decrease as the test progressed. This suggests the ability of hens to learn to use nests and perches. Under the bivariate repeatability model, estimates of heritability in the two lines were 0.22 ± 0.04 and 0.07 ± 0.05 for the percent of hens perching, and 0.52 ± 0.05 and 0.45 ± 0.05 for the percent of floor eggs. Estimates of the genetic correlation between perching and floor eggs were − 0.26 ± 0.14 and − 0.19 ± 0.27 for the two lines, suggesting that, genetically, there was some tendency for hens that better use perches to also use nes...

Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics

Low-pass sequencing data have been proposed as an alternative to single nucleotide polymorphism (... more Low-pass sequencing data have been proposed as an alternative to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of several species. However, it has not been used in layer chickens yet. This study aims at comparing the GWAS results of White Leghorn chickens using low-pass sequencing data (1×) and 54 k SNP chip data. Ten commercially relevant egg quality traits including albumen height, shell strength, shell colour, egg weight and yolk weight collected from up to 1,420 White Leghorn chickens were analysed. The results showed that the genomic heritability estimates based on low-pass sequencing data were higher than those based on SNP chip data. Although two GWAS analyses showed similar overall landscape for most traits, low-pass sequencing captured some significant SNPs that were not on the SNP chip. In GWAS analysis using 54 k SNP chip data, after including more individuals (up to 5,700), additional significant SNPs not detected by low-pass sequencing data were found. In conclusion, GWAS using low-pass sequencing data showed similar results to those with SNP chip data and may require much larger sample sizes to show measurable advantages.

Advances in poultry genetics and genomics, 2020

The development of SNP chips has enabled rapid genotyping of hundreds of thousands of loci at a r... more The development of SNP chips has enabled rapid genotyping of hundreds of thousands of loci at a relatively low cost. In addition to providing SNP genotype information, copy number variation (CNV) can also be inferred from intensity data generated by the same chips. The aim of this study was to detect and describe CNVs in five lines of layer chickens using different SNP chips. A total of 18,719 individuals from four pure lines and one commercial cross were genotyped using four different SNP chips (Illumina 42K, Affymetrix 600K, and two customized Affymetrix 50K chips). Analysis software Axiom® CNV Summary Tools and PennCNV were used to identify CNVs from Affymetrix chips and cnvPartition in Genome Studio was used to identify CNV’s from the Illumina chip. The CNV regions (CNVR) within lines were defined using the BedTools software, through merging CNVs overlapping by at least 1 bp. CNVRs identified across all panels were selected with BedTools intersect to choose regions with highest ...

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 2019

Poultry Science, 2018

Assessing pedigreed broiler lines for ascites resistance in an industry setting is time consuming... more Assessing pedigreed broiler lines for ascites resistance in an industry setting is time consuming. Further, the use of sibling selection implies study subjects are not used in the breeding program, and instead, siblings take their place in pedigree systems, which reduces overall genetic accuracy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of prediction models produced with SNP with the goal of predicting ascites incidence. Ascites is the manifestation of a series of adverse changes in a broiler beginning with hypoxia. Increased blood pressure, accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, and death can result. Ascites results in losses estimated at $100 million/year in the USA. A multi-generational genome wide association study in an unselected line maintained at the University of Arkansas since the 1990s identified chromosomal regions associated with ascites incidence in males when challenged at high altitude. From the identified regions of significance 20 SNP were selected to construct a predictive model (8 SNP on chromosome 11, and 12 SNP on chromosome Z). Ascites phenotype and genotype data were obtained for 295 male and female individuals from the REL line. Five modeling techniques were compared for their ascites predictive ability using a 70/30 split between training and validation. For both males and females, the artificial neural network model was the best fit prediction model due to the large area under the curve value of 0.997 and 0.997, respectively, as well as a low misclassification ratio of 0.027 and 0.037, respectively. Using a parameter decreasing method, the total number of SNP inputs used to construct artificial neural network (ANN) models was reduced. A 13 SNP male ANN model and an 18 SNP female ANN model were constructed with equally high levels of prediction accuracy compared with the 20 SNP input models. The construction of predictive ANN models indicates that we have found the genetic predictors to ascites outcome in male and female broilers from an elite line of the 1990s with a high level of accuracy.

Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 2016

SummaryMost genomic prediction studies fit only additive effects in models to estimate genomic br... more SummaryMost genomic prediction studies fit only additive effects in models to estimate genomic breeding values (GEBV). However, if dominance genetic effects are an important source of variation for complex traits, accounting for them may improve the accuracy of GEBV. We investigated the effect of fitting dominance and additive effects on the accuracy of GEBV for eight egg production and quality traits in a purebred line of brown layers using pedigree or genomic information (42K single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel). Phenotypes were corrected for the effect of hatch date. Additive and dominance genetic variances were estimated using genomic‐based [genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP)‐REML and BayesC] and pedigree‐based (PBLUP‐REML) methods. Breeding values were predicted using a model that included both additive and dominance effects and a model that included only additive effects. The reference population consisted of approximately 1800 animals hatched between 2004 ...