Fuzail Ahmad - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Fuzail Ahmad

Life

Introduction: Gait is a major function of independence that determines the quality of life, parti... more Introduction: Gait is a major function of independence that determines the quality of life, participation, and restriction. Gait assessment in physical therapy practice is fundamental for assessing musculoskeletal conditions. This study planned to determine the extent and barriers of using gait assessment tools by physical therapists in clinical practice in Saudi Arabia. Method: A cross-sectional design was used. A standardized survey was sent through e-mail and social media to physical therapists working in hospitals, clinics, and rehabilitation centers in different Saudi Arabian regions. Results: A total of 320 physical therapists from different regions in Saudi Arabia participated. There was a significant relationship between using gait assessment tools by physical therapists and patient groups (p = 0.002), receiving training (p = 0.001), dealing with patients who suffer from gait problems (p = 0.001), and visiting the gait laboratory (p = 0.001). Physical therapists’ use of gait...

Acute leukemia is uncontrolled proliferation of the malignant cell i.e. blast cell in the bone ma... more Acute leukemia is uncontrolled proliferation of the malignant cell i.e. blast cell in the bone marrow and spillage in the peripheral blood also leading to various hematological degenerations as well as systemic deformations by the route of metastasis. There are various methods of diagnosing acute leukemia right from peripheral blood smear examination to molecular laboratory diagnostics. Each method has its own importance. In our study we will be correlating morphological and cytochemical features of acute leukemia which is a cost efficient substitute in our Indian medical system where financial constrains play a major role in treatment.

Journal of King Saud University - Science

Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 2022

Dysmenorrhea is the term for describing complex menstrual flow and painful spasmodic cramps durin... more Dysmenorrhea is the term for describing complex menstrual flow and painful spasmodic cramps during menstruation, and pain without any pathology is considered Primary Dysmenorrhea (PD). It is the most frequent ailment among women of all ages and races. The pain is dull and throbbing in character and occurs in the lower back and abdomen. Symptoms commonly appear 6 to 12 months after menarche, with the most significant incidence in the late teen and early twenties. Physical exercise is nearly a new non-medical intervention to relieve PD associated pain. Aerobics, stretching and Resistive exercises for 8-12 weeks, either supervised or unsupervised, relieves pain. Exercises are believed to cause hormonal changes in the uterine lining, which reduces PD symptoms. Researchers have presumed different pain-relieving methods, ranging from non-opioids to opioids to hormonal for variations in pain sensitivity. Exercise-induced analgesia provides the central pathway as the primary mechanism for pain reduction while, another way to reducing pain in PD may be a hormonal interaction. The hormonal changes causing exercise-induced pain modulation during the menstruation cycle is not clearly understood and the interaction and activation of all the central and endocrine components, which is a complex mechanism, is also not explained clearly. This study briefly reviews the physiological mechanism of Exercise-induced analgesia and its potent roles in controlling the pathogenesis of PD for pain relief.

Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the intermanual transfer effects of dominant hand training on the fu... more This study aimed to evaluate the intermanual transfer effects of dominant hand training on the functional task of the untrained hand. Methods: Fifty community-dwelling healthy adults (mean age, 23.4 ± 2.5 Y; females, 60%) were participated. Participants in the experimental group received 15 minutes of right-hand training on a pegboard apparatus twice a week for four weeks. The control group received no training. The Jebsen Taylor test (JTT) and a 16-hole pegboard test were used for the assessment of hand function and dexterity. Results: Most of the JTT subtests except the writing and simulated feeding subtests and the performance of pegboard task by untrained hand were significantly improved in the experimental group after 4 weeks of training. However, no changes in the untrained hand function after 4 weeks in the control group. There were no significant differences in the pegboard task and JTT subtests found at baseline between the two groups. There were significant differences in the pegboard task between the two groups after dominant hand training. The experimental group took 4.3-and 2.5-second lesser time to complete the pegboard task using the dominant and non-dominant hand, respectively. Similarly, most of the JTT subtests except the writing and simulated feeding subtests were significantly better in the training group than the control group. Conclusion: This study indicates that the function of the untrained non-dominant hand may be improved after functional training of the dominant hand. Since this study included only healthy young adults, results of this study cannot be generalized to other groups of people such as the elderly. While this study suggests that intermanual transfer could have a therapeutic value in many clinical situations, more longitudinal studies are warranted to examine the intermanual transfer effects of functional gain in different clinical conditions, such as stroke, parkinsonism, rheumatoid arthritis, and so on.

PeerJ, 2021

Background Breast cancer related upper limb lymphedema (BCRL) is a common complication in post-ma... more Background Breast cancer related upper limb lymphedema (BCRL) is a common complication in post-mastectomy patients. It is known to cause upper limb disability, which subsequently may affect the grip strength and hand function. There is little evidence on the objective assessment of functional activities particularly hand function in women with BCRL. Therefore, this study objectively assesses the handgrip strength and hand functions in women with BCRL. Method A cross-sectional study design was conducted on a sample of women with (n = 31) and without (n = 31) BCRL. The Handgrip strength and hand functions were measured using a dynamometer and Jebsen-Taylor hand function test, respectively. Results The results showed a significantly reduced handgrip strength in women with BCRL as compared to age-matched healthy adult women for both right and left hands (p < 0.05). Similarly, hand functions were significantly impaired in women with BCRL as compared to healthy adult women (p < 0.05...

Union and intersection types are a staple of gradually typed languages such as TypeScript. While ... more Union and intersection types are a staple of gradually typed languages such as TypeScript. While it's long been recognized that union and intersection types are difficult to verify statically, it may appear at first that the dynamic part of gradual typing is actually pretty simple. It turns out however, that in presence of higher-order contracts union and intersection are deceptively difficult. The literature on higher-order contracts with union and intersection, while keenly aware of the fact, doesn't really explain why. We point and illustrate the problems and tradeoffs inherent to union and intersection contracts, via example and a survey of the literature. CCS Concepts: • General and reference → Surveys and overviews; • Software and its engineering → Language features; Software verification and validation.

Frontiers in Immunology, 2021

Monomeric C-reactive protein (mCRP) is now accepted as having a key role in modulating inflammati... more Monomeric C-reactive protein (mCRP) is now accepted as having a key role in modulating inflammation and in particular, has been strongly associated with atherosclerotic arterial plaque progression and instability and neuroinflammation after stroke where a build-up of the mCRP protein within the brain parenchyma appears to be connected to vascular damage, neurodegenerative pathophysiology and possibly Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and dementia. Here, using immunohistochemical analysis, we wanted to confirm mCRP localization and overall distribution within a cohort of AD patients showing evidence of previous infarction and then focus on its co-localization with inflammatory active regions in order to provide further evidence of its functional and direct impact. We showed that mCRP was particularly seen in large amounts within brain vessels of all sizes and that the immediate micro-environment surrounding these had become laden with mCRP positive cells and extra cellular matrix. This su...

NeuroRehabilitation, 2021

BACKGROUND: The risk of falling for individuals with stroke is about twice that of healthy older ... more BACKGROUND: The risk of falling for individuals with stroke is about twice that of healthy older adults. Lack of appropriate initiative to address the fear-related maladaptive behaviour can manifest itself in the form of loss of physical functions resulting in disability and handicap. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of the structured balance awareness program (SBAP) in improving the perceived balance confidence, and thereby modifying the fear-related maladaptive behaviour in post-stroke survivors. METHODS: A randomized experimental control design was used on a sample of 97 post-stroke survivors aged between 55 to 75 years. The patients received either the SBAP or health awareness program (HAP) for eight weeks and were compared on Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Falls Efficacy Scale International (FESI). RESULTS: A paired t-test demonstrated statistically significant improvement among all the variables in the SBAP group. An ind...

Critical Care Research and Practice, 2020

Background. Early mobilisation of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with po... more Background. Early mobilisation of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with positive health benefits. Research literature lacks insight into the current status of ICU physical therapy (PT) practice in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Aim. To determine the current standard of ICU PT practice, attitude, and barriers. Methods. A questionnaire was e-mailed to physiotherapists (PTs) working in the hospital. The questions pertained to experience, qualification, barriers, and most frequently encountered case scenarios in the ICU. Results. The response rate was 28.1% (124/442). Frequent cases referred to the PTs were traumatic paraplegia (n = 111, 89%) and stroke (n = 102, 82.3%) as compared to congestive heart failure (n = 20, 16.1%) and pulmonary infections (n = 7, 5.6%). The preferred treatment of choice among PTs was chest physiotherapy (n = 102, 82.2%) and positioning (n = 73, 58.8%), whereas functional electrical stimulation (n = 12, 9.6%) was least preferred irrespecti...

Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications, 2020

Annals of Saudi Medicine, 2020

FM. Obesity and dental caries-A systematic review. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2006;4(2). 3. de Castil... more FM. Obesity and dental caries-A systematic review. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2006;4(2). 3. de Castilhos DE, Horta BL, Gigante DP, Demarco FF, Peres KG, Peres MA. Association between obesity and periodontal disease in young adults: a population?based birth cohort.

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2019

Therapists comprising the "stroke team". Interventions: Quality improvement ideas were implemente... more Therapists comprising the "stroke team". Interventions: Quality improvement ideas were implemented focusing on improving staff education and engagement regarding this measure to improve low FIM scores despite overall extraordinary care. Targeted staff initially participated in discipline-specific re-education on accurate FIM score scoring techniques. Simultaneously, documentation methods were assessed to ensure that information documented was flowing accurately to the IRF-PAI. Next, focus was placed on increasing the staff attention to this metric by maximizing discussion of this outcome measure: FIM tracking techniques were implemented for real-time and retrospective analysis of FIM change in each of the areas and constant conversation about these scores was encouraged at the staff level using various communication methods. Main Outcome Measure(s): FIM change for patients with a primary diagnosis of stroke. Results: Prior to project (fourth quarter 2017): Average FIM change 23.02 with percentile rank of 35%. Data was tracked through the third quarter of 2018: September 2018 data showed FIM change of 32.92 and percentile rank of 93.42%. Conclusions: Focusing on staff education and engagement without change in patient treatment led to significant gains in the metric of concern. Techniques presented can be utilized in a variety of settings to improve site-specific metrics. Author(s) Disclosures: The author works for BS&W Rehab and receives a salary. Otherwise, no disclosures.

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2019

Objective: Upper extremity rehabilitation after stroke is a big challenge to the rehabilitation p... more Objective: Upper extremity rehabilitation after stroke is a big challenge to the rehabilitation professionals. Mental imagery is a cost-effective and clinically feasible intervention can be used to resolve the impairments and improve the quality of life after stroke. In the present study, we identified the effect of three weeks of Mental Imagery intervention in improving the upper extremity function in chronic stroke patients. We hypothesized that the patients receiving Mental Imagery would improve the use of their affected upper extremities. Design: Pre and post-test controlled Experimental design. Setting: Community-dwelling chronic Stroke patients Participants (or Animals, Specimens, Cadavers): 30 chronic stroke patients with age of 40-60 years were included in the study. The volunteers were screened according to the following inclusion criteria: (1) Stroke experienced for more than one year before study enrolment (chronic stroke); (2) Age group of 40 to 60 years; (3) Only having experienced 1 stroke; (4) No excessive spasticity in the affected upper limb, defined as a score of 3 or lower on Modified Ashworth Scale; (5) A score of 20 or higher on Mini-Mental state examination. Interventions: After signing the consent forms, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment and Motor Activity Log were administered. All patients received therapy in the same environment and from the same therapist. Subjects in the experimental group received physical practice of Activities of daily living (trained) prior to mental imagery for 15 minutes in each session, 4 days a week for 3 weeks. The Activities of daily living practiced by the subjects were chosen on the basis of the week of the treatment. Subjects in the control group received the same therapy regimen as those in the experimental group except mental imagery. Their therapist's contact parameters were identical to those of experimental group subjects. Control subjects received conventional physiotherapy regimen for 15 minutes after the physical practice. Main Outcome Measure(s): Motor Activity Log (Quality and Quantity of Movement) and Fugl-Meyer Assessment (Upper extremity section). Results: Subjects who received mental imagery showed improvements in Fugl-Meyer Assessment and Quality of Movement scores. However, no significant improvements were seen in Amount of Use scores. In contrast controls showed nominal increase of scores. Conclusions: Participation in a mental Imagery protocol can improve the upper extremity function in chronic stroke patients. Author(s) Disclosures: No conflict of interest.

Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications, 2018

Clinical investigation has revealed that individuals face challenges in adapting to their gruesom... more Clinical investigation has revealed that individuals face challenges in adapting to their gruesome employee-roles after undergoing a back intervention program. The aim of this research was to investigate the back-rehabilitated patient's perspectives and understandings of the diffi culties faced while adapting as employees. Research aimed to extract the patient's perspectives and understandings of barriers, facilitators and adaptive procedures which infl uenced their capability to continue their employee-roles. Qualitative investigation method was used for investigating the study topic. Focus groups comprised of broad questions followed by probing were utilized to obtain detailed descriptions about the client's understandings and perspectives. Recommendations involved developing the insight of stakeholders regarding early, valuable on-job training, initiating health-promotion by teaching in the workplace and in the society, along with improving fl exible job and health policy. Results of the investigation signify that the goal of physiotherapy and extent of service to back injured patients needs to rebuild.

Rehabilitation Research and Practice, 2015

Background. Stroke is a leading cause for long-term disability that often compromises the sensori... more Background. Stroke is a leading cause for long-term disability that often compromises the sensorimotor and gait function accompanied by spasticity. Gait abnormalities persist through the chronic stages of the condition and only a small percentage of these persons are able to walk functionally in the community.Material and Method. Patients with chronic stroke were recruited from outpatient rehabilitation unit at Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, having a history of first stroke at least six months before recruitment, with unilateral motor deficits affecting gait. The patients were randomly assigned to either the functional limb overloading (FLO) or Limb Overloading Resistance Training (LORT) group and provided four weeks of training.Result. We found that there was an improvement in gait performance, weight bearing on affected limb, and perceived mobility and community participation.Conclusion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the fi...

Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy - An International Journal, 2014

Introduction: Stroke is a very limiting disease for the patient and a major health problem in mos... more Introduction: Stroke is a very limiting disease for the patient and a major health problem in most parts of the world. Activity limitations of the upper extremity are a common finding for individuals living with the effects of stroke, with its prevalence reported between 33% and 95% of this population. This study aims to explore whether imagery involves the activation of primary sensory cortices and to determine the therapeutic effectiveness and benefits of mental imagery training for arm function in chronic stroke patients.

Introduction: Recovery of upper limb motor function in stroke is limited. Different approaches ar... more Introduction: Recovery of upper limb motor function in stroke is limited. Different approaches are used to improve the upper limb function, but none has satisfactory results. The present study investigated the effect of task related training and role of hand dominance in upper limb motor function rehabilitation in stroke population. Method an Material: A convenient sample of 32 subjects divided into 4 groups with 8 subjects each took part in the study with an experimental design. The group 1, experimental dominant hand group, consisted of subjects with dominant hand paresis, the group 2 consisted of subjects with non dominant, group 3 & 4 consisted of dominant (dominant hand control group) and non dominant hand paresis (non dominant hand control group) .The group 1 and 2 received task related training and conventional therapy, while group 3 & 4 received conventional physiotherapy. All patients were assessed prior to training 4 weeks & after the 4 weeks of training program by using Chedoke Arm & Hand activity Inventory Score form, this score were used to find the difference between and within groups. Results: A within group analysis showed that there is a statistical significant difference for Chedoke Scores between pre training and post training in group 1, 2 and 3 but no significant difference in group4. There was no significant difference between group1 post training scores; there was a significant difference in post training scores group 1 and group 3. There was no significant difference in post training scores between group 3 and group 4. The comparison between group 2 and 4 group showed no significant difference in post training scores. Conclusion: From this study it is evident that task related training and hand dominance play an important role in upper limb rehabilitation.

This book aims to dispel the myths about motor control and the “core” and provide the most up to ... more This book aims to dispel the myths about motor control and the “core” and provide the most up to date insight into the practical application of the latest research in the management of chronic low back pain. It also provides a systematic approach and specialized skills in evidence based diagnosis and treatment for mechanical low back pain disorders. The spine problems addressed in this book are very challenging ones for doctors and therapists alike, and the author had use the first hand experience with patients to break new ground using advance Physiotherapy Techniques.

Life

Introduction: Gait is a major function of independence that determines the quality of life, parti... more Introduction: Gait is a major function of independence that determines the quality of life, participation, and restriction. Gait assessment in physical therapy practice is fundamental for assessing musculoskeletal conditions. This study planned to determine the extent and barriers of using gait assessment tools by physical therapists in clinical practice in Saudi Arabia. Method: A cross-sectional design was used. A standardized survey was sent through e-mail and social media to physical therapists working in hospitals, clinics, and rehabilitation centers in different Saudi Arabian regions. Results: A total of 320 physical therapists from different regions in Saudi Arabia participated. There was a significant relationship between using gait assessment tools by physical therapists and patient groups (p = 0.002), receiving training (p = 0.001), dealing with patients who suffer from gait problems (p = 0.001), and visiting the gait laboratory (p = 0.001). Physical therapists’ use of gait...

Acute leukemia is uncontrolled proliferation of the malignant cell i.e. blast cell in the bone ma... more Acute leukemia is uncontrolled proliferation of the malignant cell i.e. blast cell in the bone marrow and spillage in the peripheral blood also leading to various hematological degenerations as well as systemic deformations by the route of metastasis. There are various methods of diagnosing acute leukemia right from peripheral blood smear examination to molecular laboratory diagnostics. Each method has its own importance. In our study we will be correlating morphological and cytochemical features of acute leukemia which is a cost efficient substitute in our Indian medical system where financial constrains play a major role in treatment.

Journal of King Saud University - Science

Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 2022

Dysmenorrhea is the term for describing complex menstrual flow and painful spasmodic cramps durin... more Dysmenorrhea is the term for describing complex menstrual flow and painful spasmodic cramps during menstruation, and pain without any pathology is considered Primary Dysmenorrhea (PD). It is the most frequent ailment among women of all ages and races. The pain is dull and throbbing in character and occurs in the lower back and abdomen. Symptoms commonly appear 6 to 12 months after menarche, with the most significant incidence in the late teen and early twenties. Physical exercise is nearly a new non-medical intervention to relieve PD associated pain. Aerobics, stretching and Resistive exercises for 8-12 weeks, either supervised or unsupervised, relieves pain. Exercises are believed to cause hormonal changes in the uterine lining, which reduces PD symptoms. Researchers have presumed different pain-relieving methods, ranging from non-opioids to opioids to hormonal for variations in pain sensitivity. Exercise-induced analgesia provides the central pathway as the primary mechanism for pain reduction while, another way to reducing pain in PD may be a hormonal interaction. The hormonal changes causing exercise-induced pain modulation during the menstruation cycle is not clearly understood and the interaction and activation of all the central and endocrine components, which is a complex mechanism, is also not explained clearly. This study briefly reviews the physiological mechanism of Exercise-induced analgesia and its potent roles in controlling the pathogenesis of PD for pain relief.

Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the intermanual transfer effects of dominant hand training on the fu... more This study aimed to evaluate the intermanual transfer effects of dominant hand training on the functional task of the untrained hand. Methods: Fifty community-dwelling healthy adults (mean age, 23.4 ± 2.5 Y; females, 60%) were participated. Participants in the experimental group received 15 minutes of right-hand training on a pegboard apparatus twice a week for four weeks. The control group received no training. The Jebsen Taylor test (JTT) and a 16-hole pegboard test were used for the assessment of hand function and dexterity. Results: Most of the JTT subtests except the writing and simulated feeding subtests and the performance of pegboard task by untrained hand were significantly improved in the experimental group after 4 weeks of training. However, no changes in the untrained hand function after 4 weeks in the control group. There were no significant differences in the pegboard task and JTT subtests found at baseline between the two groups. There were significant differences in the pegboard task between the two groups after dominant hand training. The experimental group took 4.3-and 2.5-second lesser time to complete the pegboard task using the dominant and non-dominant hand, respectively. Similarly, most of the JTT subtests except the writing and simulated feeding subtests were significantly better in the training group than the control group. Conclusion: This study indicates that the function of the untrained non-dominant hand may be improved after functional training of the dominant hand. Since this study included only healthy young adults, results of this study cannot be generalized to other groups of people such as the elderly. While this study suggests that intermanual transfer could have a therapeutic value in many clinical situations, more longitudinal studies are warranted to examine the intermanual transfer effects of functional gain in different clinical conditions, such as stroke, parkinsonism, rheumatoid arthritis, and so on.

PeerJ, 2021

Background Breast cancer related upper limb lymphedema (BCRL) is a common complication in post-ma... more Background Breast cancer related upper limb lymphedema (BCRL) is a common complication in post-mastectomy patients. It is known to cause upper limb disability, which subsequently may affect the grip strength and hand function. There is little evidence on the objective assessment of functional activities particularly hand function in women with BCRL. Therefore, this study objectively assesses the handgrip strength and hand functions in women with BCRL. Method A cross-sectional study design was conducted on a sample of women with (n = 31) and without (n = 31) BCRL. The Handgrip strength and hand functions were measured using a dynamometer and Jebsen-Taylor hand function test, respectively. Results The results showed a significantly reduced handgrip strength in women with BCRL as compared to age-matched healthy adult women for both right and left hands (p < 0.05). Similarly, hand functions were significantly impaired in women with BCRL as compared to healthy adult women (p < 0.05...

Union and intersection types are a staple of gradually typed languages such as TypeScript. While ... more Union and intersection types are a staple of gradually typed languages such as TypeScript. While it's long been recognized that union and intersection types are difficult to verify statically, it may appear at first that the dynamic part of gradual typing is actually pretty simple. It turns out however, that in presence of higher-order contracts union and intersection are deceptively difficult. The literature on higher-order contracts with union and intersection, while keenly aware of the fact, doesn't really explain why. We point and illustrate the problems and tradeoffs inherent to union and intersection contracts, via example and a survey of the literature. CCS Concepts: • General and reference → Surveys and overviews; • Software and its engineering → Language features; Software verification and validation.

Frontiers in Immunology, 2021

Monomeric C-reactive protein (mCRP) is now accepted as having a key role in modulating inflammati... more Monomeric C-reactive protein (mCRP) is now accepted as having a key role in modulating inflammation and in particular, has been strongly associated with atherosclerotic arterial plaque progression and instability and neuroinflammation after stroke where a build-up of the mCRP protein within the brain parenchyma appears to be connected to vascular damage, neurodegenerative pathophysiology and possibly Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and dementia. Here, using immunohistochemical analysis, we wanted to confirm mCRP localization and overall distribution within a cohort of AD patients showing evidence of previous infarction and then focus on its co-localization with inflammatory active regions in order to provide further evidence of its functional and direct impact. We showed that mCRP was particularly seen in large amounts within brain vessels of all sizes and that the immediate micro-environment surrounding these had become laden with mCRP positive cells and extra cellular matrix. This su...

NeuroRehabilitation, 2021

BACKGROUND: The risk of falling for individuals with stroke is about twice that of healthy older ... more BACKGROUND: The risk of falling for individuals with stroke is about twice that of healthy older adults. Lack of appropriate initiative to address the fear-related maladaptive behaviour can manifest itself in the form of loss of physical functions resulting in disability and handicap. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of the structured balance awareness program (SBAP) in improving the perceived balance confidence, and thereby modifying the fear-related maladaptive behaviour in post-stroke survivors. METHODS: A randomized experimental control design was used on a sample of 97 post-stroke survivors aged between 55 to 75 years. The patients received either the SBAP or health awareness program (HAP) for eight weeks and were compared on Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Falls Efficacy Scale International (FESI). RESULTS: A paired t-test demonstrated statistically significant improvement among all the variables in the SBAP group. An ind...

Critical Care Research and Practice, 2020

Background. Early mobilisation of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with po... more Background. Early mobilisation of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with positive health benefits. Research literature lacks insight into the current status of ICU physical therapy (PT) practice in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Aim. To determine the current standard of ICU PT practice, attitude, and barriers. Methods. A questionnaire was e-mailed to physiotherapists (PTs) working in the hospital. The questions pertained to experience, qualification, barriers, and most frequently encountered case scenarios in the ICU. Results. The response rate was 28.1% (124/442). Frequent cases referred to the PTs were traumatic paraplegia (n = 111, 89%) and stroke (n = 102, 82.3%) as compared to congestive heart failure (n = 20, 16.1%) and pulmonary infections (n = 7, 5.6%). The preferred treatment of choice among PTs was chest physiotherapy (n = 102, 82.2%) and positioning (n = 73, 58.8%), whereas functional electrical stimulation (n = 12, 9.6%) was least preferred irrespecti...

Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications, 2020

Annals of Saudi Medicine, 2020

FM. Obesity and dental caries-A systematic review. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2006;4(2). 3. de Castil... more FM. Obesity and dental caries-A systematic review. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2006;4(2). 3. de Castilhos DE, Horta BL, Gigante DP, Demarco FF, Peres KG, Peres MA. Association between obesity and periodontal disease in young adults: a population?based birth cohort.

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2019

Therapists comprising the "stroke team". Interventions: Quality improvement ideas were implemente... more Therapists comprising the "stroke team". Interventions: Quality improvement ideas were implemented focusing on improving staff education and engagement regarding this measure to improve low FIM scores despite overall extraordinary care. Targeted staff initially participated in discipline-specific re-education on accurate FIM score scoring techniques. Simultaneously, documentation methods were assessed to ensure that information documented was flowing accurately to the IRF-PAI. Next, focus was placed on increasing the staff attention to this metric by maximizing discussion of this outcome measure: FIM tracking techniques were implemented for real-time and retrospective analysis of FIM change in each of the areas and constant conversation about these scores was encouraged at the staff level using various communication methods. Main Outcome Measure(s): FIM change for patients with a primary diagnosis of stroke. Results: Prior to project (fourth quarter 2017): Average FIM change 23.02 with percentile rank of 35%. Data was tracked through the third quarter of 2018: September 2018 data showed FIM change of 32.92 and percentile rank of 93.42%. Conclusions: Focusing on staff education and engagement without change in patient treatment led to significant gains in the metric of concern. Techniques presented can be utilized in a variety of settings to improve site-specific metrics. Author(s) Disclosures: The author works for BS&W Rehab and receives a salary. Otherwise, no disclosures.

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2019

Objective: Upper extremity rehabilitation after stroke is a big challenge to the rehabilitation p... more Objective: Upper extremity rehabilitation after stroke is a big challenge to the rehabilitation professionals. Mental imagery is a cost-effective and clinically feasible intervention can be used to resolve the impairments and improve the quality of life after stroke. In the present study, we identified the effect of three weeks of Mental Imagery intervention in improving the upper extremity function in chronic stroke patients. We hypothesized that the patients receiving Mental Imagery would improve the use of their affected upper extremities. Design: Pre and post-test controlled Experimental design. Setting: Community-dwelling chronic Stroke patients Participants (or Animals, Specimens, Cadavers): 30 chronic stroke patients with age of 40-60 years were included in the study. The volunteers were screened according to the following inclusion criteria: (1) Stroke experienced for more than one year before study enrolment (chronic stroke); (2) Age group of 40 to 60 years; (3) Only having experienced 1 stroke; (4) No excessive spasticity in the affected upper limb, defined as a score of 3 or lower on Modified Ashworth Scale; (5) A score of 20 or higher on Mini-Mental state examination. Interventions: After signing the consent forms, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment and Motor Activity Log were administered. All patients received therapy in the same environment and from the same therapist. Subjects in the experimental group received physical practice of Activities of daily living (trained) prior to mental imagery for 15 minutes in each session, 4 days a week for 3 weeks. The Activities of daily living practiced by the subjects were chosen on the basis of the week of the treatment. Subjects in the control group received the same therapy regimen as those in the experimental group except mental imagery. Their therapist's contact parameters were identical to those of experimental group subjects. Control subjects received conventional physiotherapy regimen for 15 minutes after the physical practice. Main Outcome Measure(s): Motor Activity Log (Quality and Quantity of Movement) and Fugl-Meyer Assessment (Upper extremity section). Results: Subjects who received mental imagery showed improvements in Fugl-Meyer Assessment and Quality of Movement scores. However, no significant improvements were seen in Amount of Use scores. In contrast controls showed nominal increase of scores. Conclusions: Participation in a mental Imagery protocol can improve the upper extremity function in chronic stroke patients. Author(s) Disclosures: No conflict of interest.

Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications, 2018

Clinical investigation has revealed that individuals face challenges in adapting to their gruesom... more Clinical investigation has revealed that individuals face challenges in adapting to their gruesome employee-roles after undergoing a back intervention program. The aim of this research was to investigate the back-rehabilitated patient's perspectives and understandings of the diffi culties faced while adapting as employees. Research aimed to extract the patient's perspectives and understandings of barriers, facilitators and adaptive procedures which infl uenced their capability to continue their employee-roles. Qualitative investigation method was used for investigating the study topic. Focus groups comprised of broad questions followed by probing were utilized to obtain detailed descriptions about the client's understandings and perspectives. Recommendations involved developing the insight of stakeholders regarding early, valuable on-job training, initiating health-promotion by teaching in the workplace and in the society, along with improving fl exible job and health policy. Results of the investigation signify that the goal of physiotherapy and extent of service to back injured patients needs to rebuild.

Rehabilitation Research and Practice, 2015

Background. Stroke is a leading cause for long-term disability that often compromises the sensori... more Background. Stroke is a leading cause for long-term disability that often compromises the sensorimotor and gait function accompanied by spasticity. Gait abnormalities persist through the chronic stages of the condition and only a small percentage of these persons are able to walk functionally in the community.Material and Method. Patients with chronic stroke were recruited from outpatient rehabilitation unit at Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, having a history of first stroke at least six months before recruitment, with unilateral motor deficits affecting gait. The patients were randomly assigned to either the functional limb overloading (FLO) or Limb Overloading Resistance Training (LORT) group and provided four weeks of training.Result. We found that there was an improvement in gait performance, weight bearing on affected limb, and perceived mobility and community participation.Conclusion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the fi...

Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy - An International Journal, 2014

Introduction: Stroke is a very limiting disease for the patient and a major health problem in mos... more Introduction: Stroke is a very limiting disease for the patient and a major health problem in most parts of the world. Activity limitations of the upper extremity are a common finding for individuals living with the effects of stroke, with its prevalence reported between 33% and 95% of this population. This study aims to explore whether imagery involves the activation of primary sensory cortices and to determine the therapeutic effectiveness and benefits of mental imagery training for arm function in chronic stroke patients.

Introduction: Recovery of upper limb motor function in stroke is limited. Different approaches ar... more Introduction: Recovery of upper limb motor function in stroke is limited. Different approaches are used to improve the upper limb function, but none has satisfactory results. The present study investigated the effect of task related training and role of hand dominance in upper limb motor function rehabilitation in stroke population. Method an Material: A convenient sample of 32 subjects divided into 4 groups with 8 subjects each took part in the study with an experimental design. The group 1, experimental dominant hand group, consisted of subjects with dominant hand paresis, the group 2 consisted of subjects with non dominant, group 3 & 4 consisted of dominant (dominant hand control group) and non dominant hand paresis (non dominant hand control group) .The group 1 and 2 received task related training and conventional therapy, while group 3 & 4 received conventional physiotherapy. All patients were assessed prior to training 4 weeks & after the 4 weeks of training program by using Chedoke Arm & Hand activity Inventory Score form, this score were used to find the difference between and within groups. Results: A within group analysis showed that there is a statistical significant difference for Chedoke Scores between pre training and post training in group 1, 2 and 3 but no significant difference in group4. There was no significant difference between group1 post training scores; there was a significant difference in post training scores group 1 and group 3. There was no significant difference in post training scores between group 3 and group 4. The comparison between group 2 and 4 group showed no significant difference in post training scores. Conclusion: From this study it is evident that task related training and hand dominance play an important role in upper limb rehabilitation.

This book aims to dispel the myths about motor control and the “core” and provide the most up to ... more This book aims to dispel the myths about motor control and the “core” and provide the most up to date insight into the practical application of the latest research in the management of chronic low back pain. It also provides a systematic approach and specialized skills in evidence based diagnosis and treatment for mechanical low back pain disorders. The spine problems addressed in this book are very challenging ones for doctors and therapists alike, and the author had use the first hand experience with patients to break new ground using advance Physiotherapy Techniques.