Gábor Bodó - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Gábor Bodó

Magyar Allatorvosok Lapja

Magyar Allatorvosok Lapja

Magyar Allatorvosok Lapja

Magyar Allatorvosok Lapja

Veterinary surgery : VS, Jan 4, 2015

Mechanical evaluation of a novel screw position used for repair in a type III distal phalanx frac... more Mechanical evaluation of a novel screw position used for repair in a type III distal phalanx fracture model and assessment of solar canal penetration (SCP). Experimental study. Disarticulated equine hooves (n = 24) and 24 isolated distal phalanges. Hooves/distal phalanges cut in a sagittal plane were repaired with 1 of 2 different cortical screw placements in lag fashion. In group 1 (conventional screw placement), the screw was inserted halfway between the proximal border of the solar canal (SC) and the subchondral bone surface on a line parallel to the dorsal cortex, whereas in group 2, the screw was inserted more palmar/plantar, where a perpendicular line drawn from the group 1 position reached the palmar/plantar cortex. Construct strength was evaluated by 3-point bending to failure. SCP was assessed by CT imaging and macroscopically. Screws were significantly longer in group 2 and in forelimbs. Group 2 isolated distal phalanges had a significantly more rigid fixation compared wit...

Magyar Allatorvosok Lapja

Histology and histopathology, 2012

One of the most promising applications for the restoration of small or moderately sized focal art... more One of the most promising applications for the restoration of small or moderately sized focal articular lesions is mosaicplasty (MP). Although recurrent hemarthrosis is a rare complication after MP, recently, various strategies have been designed to find an effective filling material to prevent postoperative bleeding from the donor site. The porous biodegradable polymer Polyactive (PA; a polyethylene glycol terephthalate - polybutylene terephthalate copolymer) represents a promising solution in this respect. A histological evaluation of the longterm PA-filled donor sites obtained from 10 experimental horses was performed. In this study, attention was primarily focused on the bone tissue developed in the plug. A computer-assisted image analysis and quantitative polarized light microscopic measurements of decalcified, longitudinally sectioned, dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB)- and picrosirius red (PS) stained sections revealed that the coverage area of the bone trabecules in the PA-fille...

Veterinary Surgery, 2004

Objective-To describe treatment of equine subchondral bone cysts (SBCs) by reconstruction of the ... more Objective-To describe treatment of equine subchondral bone cysts (SBCs) by reconstruction of the articular surface with osteochondral grafts. Study Design-Case series of horses with SBCs unresponsive to conservative therapy. Animals-Eleven horses (1-12 years). Methods-SBCs were identified in 4 locations: medial femoral condyle (5 horses), lateral femoral condyle (1), distal epiphysis of the metacarpus (4), or metatarsus (1). Osteochondral autograft transplantation (mosaic arthroplasty) was performed, taking grafts from the abaxial border of the medial femoral trochlea of the unaffected limb. Graft implantation was achieved through a small arthrotomy or by arthroscopy depending on SBC location. Results-All horses improved postoperatively; 10 horses had successful outcomes with radiographic evidence of successful graft incorporation and 7 returned to a previous or higher activity level. On follow-up arthroscopy (5 horses) there was successful reconstitution of a functional gliding surface. One horse had delayed incorporation of a graft because of a technical error but became sound. One horse had recurrence after 4 years of work and soundness. One stallion was used for breeding and light riding because of medial meniscal injuries on the same limb. Conclusions-Implantation of osteochondral grafts should be considered for SBC when conservative management has not improved lameness and there is a risk of further joint injury and degeneration.

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2012

Injury, 2008

1 bla bla bla bla One aardvark marries the pawnbroker, even though five bourgeois cats tickled um... more 1 bla bla bla bla One aardvark marries the pawnbroker, even though five bourgeois cats tickled umpteen Macintoshes, but two obese elephants drunkenly towed umpteen almost irascible sheep. Two bureaux easily telephoned Paul, even though the wart hogs gossips, but one elephant tastes partly putrid wart hogs, because umpteen purple botulisms kisses Mark, although the subways bought one extremely angst-ridden lampstand, even though five obese televisions perused subways, then five progressive mats auctioned off the bureau, although two trailers grew up, but irascible Jabberwockies untangles five speedy fountains, yet one cat ran away, then the trailer very cleverly kisses two irascible bureaux. Summary 1 Background: Efficacious treatment of chondral and osteochondral defects of weightbearing articular surfaces is a daily challenge in musculoskelatal care. Autogenous osteochondral transplantation represents a possible solution for creating hyaline or hyaline-like repair in the affected area that has a noninflammatory pathoorigin. This paper discusses the experimental background and over 15 years of clinical experience with autologous osteochondral mosaicplasty.

Equine Veterinary Journal, 2010

limited on distribution of local anaesthetic solution following perineural analgesia of the palma... more limited on distribution of local anaesthetic solution following perineural analgesia of the palmar (Pa) and palmar metacarpal (PaM) nerves in the distal aspect of the metacarpal (Mc) region ('low 4-point nerve block'). Objectives: To demonstrate the potential distribution of local anaesthetic solution after a low 4-point nerve block using a radiographic contrast model. Methods: A radiodense contrast medium was injected subcutaneously over the medial or the lateral Pa nerve at the junction of the proximal three-quarters and distal quarter of the Mc region (Pa injection) and over the ipsilateral PaM nerve immediately distal to the distal aspect of the second or fourth Mc bones (PaM injection) in both forelimbs of 10 mature horses free from lameness. Radiographs were obtained 0, 10 and 20 min after injection and analysed subjectively and objectively. Methylene blue and a radiodense contrast medium were injected in 20 cadaver limbs using the same techniques. Radiographs were obtained and the limbs dissected. Results: After 31/40 (77.5%) Pa injections, the pattern of the contrast medium suggested distribution in the neurovascular bundle. There was significant proximal diffusion with time, but the main contrast medium patch never progressed proximal to the mid-Mc region. The radiological appearance of 2 limbs suggested that contrast medium was present in the digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS). After PaM injections, the contrast medium was distributed diffusely around the injection site in the majority of the limbs. In cadaver limbs, after Pa injections, the contrast medium and the dye were distributed in the neurovascular bundle in 8/20 (40%) limbs and in the DFTS in 6/20 (30%) of limbs. After PaM injections, the contrast and dye were distributed diffusely around the injection site in 9/20 (45%) limbs and showed diffuse and tubular distribution in 11/20 (55%) limbs. Conclusions and potential relevance: Proximal diffusion of local anaesthetic solution after a low 4-point nerve block is unlikely to be responsible for decreasing lameness caused by pain in the proximal Mc region. The DFTS may be penetrated inadvertently when performing a low 4-point nerve block.

Equine Veterinary Journal, 2009

anaesthetic solution after perineural anaesthesia may lead to the desensitisation of structures o... more anaesthetic solution after perineural anaesthesia may lead to the desensitisation of structures other than those intended. However, there is no evidence-based study demonstrating the potential distribution and diffusion of local anaesthetic solution after perineural analgesia in the distal limb. Objective: To document the potential diffusion of local anaesthetic solution using a radiopaque contrast model and to evaluate the influence of walking compared with confinement in a stable after injection. Methods: Radiopaque contrast medium was injected subcutaneously over one palmar nerve at the base of the proximal sesamoid bones in 6 nonlame mature horses. Horses were assigned randomly to stand still or walk after injection. Radiographs were obtained 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min after injection and were analysed to determine the distribution and diffusion of the contrast medium. Results: In 89% of injections an elongated pattern of the contrast medium was observed suggesting distribution along the neurovascular bundle. After 49% of injections a fine radiopaque line extended proximally from the contrast 'patch', and in 25% of injections a line extended distally. There was significant proximal and distal diffusion with time when sequential radiographs of each limb were compared. The greatest diffusion occurred in the first 10 min. Walking did not significantly influence the extent of either proximal or distal diffusion. Conclusions and potential relevance: Significant proximal diffusion occurs in the first 10 min after perineural injection in the distal aspect of the limb and should be considered when interpreting nerve blocks. Distribution of local anaesthetic solution outside the fascia surrounding the neurovascular bundle or in lymphatic vessels may explain delayed or decreased effects.

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 2001

Efficacious treatment of full-thickness cartilage defects of the weightbearing surfaces is a mult... more Efficacious treatment of full-thickness cartilage defects of the weightbearing surfaces is a multi-faceted challenge for the orthopaedic surgeon. Autologous osteochondral transplantation represents one solution: to bring about a hyaline or hyalinelike repair of the defected area. The current authors discuss the experimental background and their 8 years of clinical experience with the autologous osteochondral mosaicplasty. Several series of animal studies and subsequent clinical practice have confirmed the survival of the transplanted hyaline cartilage. Hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage fill the donor sites located on the nonweightbearing surfaces and surfaces that bear less weight. Clinical scores, imaging techniques, control arthroscopies, histologic examination of biopsy samples, and cartilage stiffness measurements were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes and quality of the transplanted cartilage. According to these investigations, femoral condylar implantations have shown good to excellent results in 92%, tibial resurfacing in 88%, patellar and/or trochlear mosaicplasties in 81%, and talar procedures in 94% of patients. The Bandi score showed long-term donor site disturbances in 3% of patients. Fifty-eight of the 68 control arthroscopies had good gliding surfaces, histologically-proven survival of the transplanted hyaline cartilage, and fibrocartilage covering of the donor sites. In the entire series, there were four deep infections and 34 painful hemarthroses after surgery. A multicentric, comparative, prospective evaluation of 413 arthroscopic resurfacing procedures (mosaicplasty, Pridie drilling, abrasion arthroplasty, and microfracture cases in homogenized subgroups) showed that mosaicplasty gave a more favorable clinical outcome in the long-term followup, than the other three techniques. Intermediate-term evaluation of the femoral condylar implantations (3-6-years followup) and talar mosaicplasties (3-7-years followup) confirmed the durability of the early results. From these encouraging results from an increasingly large series and similar results from other centers, it seems that autologous osteochondral mosaicplasty may be a viable alternative treatment of localized full-thickness cartilage damage of the weightbearing surfaces of the knee and other weightbearing synovial joints.

Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery, 2003

Purpose: Autologous osteochondral mosaicplasty has become a treatment option for focal chondral a... more Purpose: Autologous osteochondral mosaicplasty has become a treatment option for focal chondral and osteochondral defects in recent years. Excessive postoperative bleeding from the donor site was reported as a possible complication of the procedure. The purpose of this study was to investigate different biodegradable materials for donor site filling, which could prevent excessive postoperative bleeding from these sites but would allow reasonable blood clot formation on the articular surfaces of donor tunnels. Type of Study: Basic science evaluation. Methods: In an experimental model, "donor site plugs" made from hydroxylapatite, carbon fiber, polyglyconate-B, compressed collagen, and 2 versions of polycaprolactones were used to fill the bony tunnels created by harvesting. These materials were tested in 100 knees of 50 German Shepherd dogs to determine the quality of the repair tissue formation on the surfaces of the harvesting holes filled by these materials. Arthroscopies of the dogs were performed at several intervals, from 4 weeks to 26 weeks, and macroscopic studies were performed on euthanized animals between 8 weeks and 30 weeks to evaluate donor site filling and coverage. Empty donor tunnels served as controls for the evaluation of the different filling materials. Results: All tested materials effectively decreased postoperative bleeding. Hydroxylapatite, carbon rods, polyglyconate-B, and melted polycaprolactone materials showed a good integration to the surrounding cancellous bone, but these fillings showed only a limited repair tissue formation, even at 30 weeks postoperatively. Second-look arthroscopy and histologic evaluation of necropsies showed the best fibrocartilage coverage after filling by compressed collagen. Technical details of the filling also had certain importance in the quality of the repair tissue formation. Conclusions: According to histologic results, compressed collagen appears to be a good material to fill donor tunnels of osteochondral graft harvest. This material is substituted gradually by bone formation and its articular surface can serve as an appropriate scaffold for fibrocartilage coverage created by the natural intrinsic repair process.

Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2009

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 2014

One Arabian and 5 Hungarian half-bred horses were used to study the macroscopic and microscopic s... more One Arabian and 5 Hungarian half-bred horses were used to study the macroscopic and microscopic survival of autologous osteochondral grafts in the weight-bearing surface of the medial femoral condyle (MFC). Grafts were harvested from the cranial surface of the medial femoral trochlea (MFT) under arthroscopic control. Three of them were transplanted into the weight-bearing surface of the contralateral MFC using an arthrotomy approach. Three months later this transplantation procedure was repeated on the opposite stifle joints in the same animals, but at that time transplantation was performed arthroscopically. Follow-up arthroscopy was carried out 12 months after the first operations, and biopsies were taken from both the recipient and the donor sites for histological examination. During follow-up arthroscopy, the transplanted areas looked congruent and smooth. Microscopically, the characteristics of hyaline cartilage were present in 5 out of the 10 biopsies examined; however, in the other half of biopsies glycosaminoglycan (GAG) loss and change in the architecture of the transplanted cartilage was observed. In a 16-year-old horse, all grafts broke during harvesting, and thus transplantation was not performed. No radiological signs of osteoarthritic changes were detected 9 to 12 months after the operations in the donor and recipient joints. Clinically, no lameness or effusion was present three months after the transplantations.

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 2000

An 11-year-old, Hungarian half-bred stallion was presented with a history of mixed left hindlimb ... more An 11-year-old, Hungarian half-bred stallion was presented with a history of mixed left hindlimb lameness of 6 months duration. Subchondral bone cyst of the medial femoral condyle and injury of the medial meniscus were diagnosed. Osteochondral autograft transplantation (mosaic arthroplasty) was performed, taking grafts from the less weight-bearing medial border of the medial femoral trochlea of the affected limb, and transplanting them into the cyst during arthroscopy. The lameness was evaluated prior to and one year after the operation with a motion analysis system during treadmill exercise. Considerable improvement of the lameness and the clinical signs as well as successful transplantation of the grafts, and a new hard joint cartilage surface of the medial femoral condyle could be detected during follow-up arthroscopy. Osteochondral autograft transplantation seems to bee a possible alternative for treating subchondral cystic lesions of the medial femoral condyle in horses. A new technique for the surgical treatment of a subchondral cystic lesion of the medial femoral condyle in the horse is described.

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 2001

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 2012

In the present series of cases, 8 laparoscopic cryptorchidectomies and 4 laparoscopic ovariectomi... more In the present series of cases, 8 laparoscopic cryptorchidectomies and 4 laparoscopic ovariectomies were carried out in sedated standing horses. Sedation involved a lesser anaesthesiological risk than does general anaesthesia. As compared to laparotomic exposure, the minimally invasive laparoscopic intervention provided better visualisation, shorter operative time and faster recovery. The blood vessels supplying the testes and ovaries and the suspensory ligaments of the organs were sealed and cut with EnSeal®, an adaptive bipolar electrosurgical blood vessel- and tissue-sealing device. The clinical use of the blood vessel- and tissue-sealing device proved to be successful in all cases. Gradual separation of the intact tissue from the treated, compacted, dehydrated and homogenised tissue areas and occlusion of the lumen of blood vessels treated with the device could be observed in all histological sections. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the use of EnSeal® for laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy and ovariectomy in horses.

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 2010

In the first part of this methodological study eleven metacarpi of 9 skeletally normal horses wer... more In the first part of this methodological study eleven metacarpi of 9 skeletally normal horses were examined from 4 directions by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The differences between the dorsopalmar-palmarodorsal and lateromedial-mediolateral (opposite sites) bone mineral density (BMD) values were found to be nonsignificant. In the second part of the study the precision of the Norland XR-26 densitometer was tested by measuring 34 metacarpal bones and 34 proximal phalanges, each of them three times, from a single direction. The difference between the individual measurements of the first phalanges and of the metacarpal bones originating from the right or the left side of the same horse were not significant, nor did the age or breed have a significant effect on BMD or bone mineral content (BMC). However, both BMD and BMC are greater in the metacarpal bones than in the proximal phalanges and are higher in geldings than in mares or to stallions, while the BMD or BMC values of mares and stallions did not differ from each other significantly. These data point to the necessity of further BMD studies in a higher number of patients.

Magyar Allatorvosok Lapja

Magyar Allatorvosok Lapja

Magyar Allatorvosok Lapja

Magyar Allatorvosok Lapja

Veterinary surgery : VS, Jan 4, 2015

Mechanical evaluation of a novel screw position used for repair in a type III distal phalanx frac... more Mechanical evaluation of a novel screw position used for repair in a type III distal phalanx fracture model and assessment of solar canal penetration (SCP). Experimental study. Disarticulated equine hooves (n = 24) and 24 isolated distal phalanges. Hooves/distal phalanges cut in a sagittal plane were repaired with 1 of 2 different cortical screw placements in lag fashion. In group 1 (conventional screw placement), the screw was inserted halfway between the proximal border of the solar canal (SC) and the subchondral bone surface on a line parallel to the dorsal cortex, whereas in group 2, the screw was inserted more palmar/plantar, where a perpendicular line drawn from the group 1 position reached the palmar/plantar cortex. Construct strength was evaluated by 3-point bending to failure. SCP was assessed by CT imaging and macroscopically. Screws were significantly longer in group 2 and in forelimbs. Group 2 isolated distal phalanges had a significantly more rigid fixation compared wit...

Magyar Allatorvosok Lapja

Histology and histopathology, 2012

One of the most promising applications for the restoration of small or moderately sized focal art... more One of the most promising applications for the restoration of small or moderately sized focal articular lesions is mosaicplasty (MP). Although recurrent hemarthrosis is a rare complication after MP, recently, various strategies have been designed to find an effective filling material to prevent postoperative bleeding from the donor site. The porous biodegradable polymer Polyactive (PA; a polyethylene glycol terephthalate - polybutylene terephthalate copolymer) represents a promising solution in this respect. A histological evaluation of the longterm PA-filled donor sites obtained from 10 experimental horses was performed. In this study, attention was primarily focused on the bone tissue developed in the plug. A computer-assisted image analysis and quantitative polarized light microscopic measurements of decalcified, longitudinally sectioned, dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB)- and picrosirius red (PS) stained sections revealed that the coverage area of the bone trabecules in the PA-fille...

Veterinary Surgery, 2004

Objective-To describe treatment of equine subchondral bone cysts (SBCs) by reconstruction of the ... more Objective-To describe treatment of equine subchondral bone cysts (SBCs) by reconstruction of the articular surface with osteochondral grafts. Study Design-Case series of horses with SBCs unresponsive to conservative therapy. Animals-Eleven horses (1-12 years). Methods-SBCs were identified in 4 locations: medial femoral condyle (5 horses), lateral femoral condyle (1), distal epiphysis of the metacarpus (4), or metatarsus (1). Osteochondral autograft transplantation (mosaic arthroplasty) was performed, taking grafts from the abaxial border of the medial femoral trochlea of the unaffected limb. Graft implantation was achieved through a small arthrotomy or by arthroscopy depending on SBC location. Results-All horses improved postoperatively; 10 horses had successful outcomes with radiographic evidence of successful graft incorporation and 7 returned to a previous or higher activity level. On follow-up arthroscopy (5 horses) there was successful reconstitution of a functional gliding surface. One horse had delayed incorporation of a graft because of a technical error but became sound. One horse had recurrence after 4 years of work and soundness. One stallion was used for breeding and light riding because of medial meniscal injuries on the same limb. Conclusions-Implantation of osteochondral grafts should be considered for SBC when conservative management has not improved lameness and there is a risk of further joint injury and degeneration.

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2012

Injury, 2008

1 bla bla bla bla One aardvark marries the pawnbroker, even though five bourgeois cats tickled um... more 1 bla bla bla bla One aardvark marries the pawnbroker, even though five bourgeois cats tickled umpteen Macintoshes, but two obese elephants drunkenly towed umpteen almost irascible sheep. Two bureaux easily telephoned Paul, even though the wart hogs gossips, but one elephant tastes partly putrid wart hogs, because umpteen purple botulisms kisses Mark, although the subways bought one extremely angst-ridden lampstand, even though five obese televisions perused subways, then five progressive mats auctioned off the bureau, although two trailers grew up, but irascible Jabberwockies untangles five speedy fountains, yet one cat ran away, then the trailer very cleverly kisses two irascible bureaux. Summary 1 Background: Efficacious treatment of chondral and osteochondral defects of weightbearing articular surfaces is a daily challenge in musculoskelatal care. Autogenous osteochondral transplantation represents a possible solution for creating hyaline or hyaline-like repair in the affected area that has a noninflammatory pathoorigin. This paper discusses the experimental background and over 15 years of clinical experience with autologous osteochondral mosaicplasty.

Equine Veterinary Journal, 2010

limited on distribution of local anaesthetic solution following perineural analgesia of the palma... more limited on distribution of local anaesthetic solution following perineural analgesia of the palmar (Pa) and palmar metacarpal (PaM) nerves in the distal aspect of the metacarpal (Mc) region ('low 4-point nerve block'). Objectives: To demonstrate the potential distribution of local anaesthetic solution after a low 4-point nerve block using a radiographic contrast model. Methods: A radiodense contrast medium was injected subcutaneously over the medial or the lateral Pa nerve at the junction of the proximal three-quarters and distal quarter of the Mc region (Pa injection) and over the ipsilateral PaM nerve immediately distal to the distal aspect of the second or fourth Mc bones (PaM injection) in both forelimbs of 10 mature horses free from lameness. Radiographs were obtained 0, 10 and 20 min after injection and analysed subjectively and objectively. Methylene blue and a radiodense contrast medium were injected in 20 cadaver limbs using the same techniques. Radiographs were obtained and the limbs dissected. Results: After 31/40 (77.5%) Pa injections, the pattern of the contrast medium suggested distribution in the neurovascular bundle. There was significant proximal diffusion with time, but the main contrast medium patch never progressed proximal to the mid-Mc region. The radiological appearance of 2 limbs suggested that contrast medium was present in the digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS). After PaM injections, the contrast medium was distributed diffusely around the injection site in the majority of the limbs. In cadaver limbs, after Pa injections, the contrast medium and the dye were distributed in the neurovascular bundle in 8/20 (40%) limbs and in the DFTS in 6/20 (30%) of limbs. After PaM injections, the contrast and dye were distributed diffusely around the injection site in 9/20 (45%) limbs and showed diffuse and tubular distribution in 11/20 (55%) limbs. Conclusions and potential relevance: Proximal diffusion of local anaesthetic solution after a low 4-point nerve block is unlikely to be responsible for decreasing lameness caused by pain in the proximal Mc region. The DFTS may be penetrated inadvertently when performing a low 4-point nerve block.

Equine Veterinary Journal, 2009

anaesthetic solution after perineural anaesthesia may lead to the desensitisation of structures o... more anaesthetic solution after perineural anaesthesia may lead to the desensitisation of structures other than those intended. However, there is no evidence-based study demonstrating the potential distribution and diffusion of local anaesthetic solution after perineural analgesia in the distal limb. Objective: To document the potential diffusion of local anaesthetic solution using a radiopaque contrast model and to evaluate the influence of walking compared with confinement in a stable after injection. Methods: Radiopaque contrast medium was injected subcutaneously over one palmar nerve at the base of the proximal sesamoid bones in 6 nonlame mature horses. Horses were assigned randomly to stand still or walk after injection. Radiographs were obtained 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min after injection and were analysed to determine the distribution and diffusion of the contrast medium. Results: In 89% of injections an elongated pattern of the contrast medium was observed suggesting distribution along the neurovascular bundle. After 49% of injections a fine radiopaque line extended proximally from the contrast 'patch', and in 25% of injections a line extended distally. There was significant proximal and distal diffusion with time when sequential radiographs of each limb were compared. The greatest diffusion occurred in the first 10 min. Walking did not significantly influence the extent of either proximal or distal diffusion. Conclusions and potential relevance: Significant proximal diffusion occurs in the first 10 min after perineural injection in the distal aspect of the limb and should be considered when interpreting nerve blocks. Distribution of local anaesthetic solution outside the fascia surrounding the neurovascular bundle or in lymphatic vessels may explain delayed or decreased effects.

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 2001

Efficacious treatment of full-thickness cartilage defects of the weightbearing surfaces is a mult... more Efficacious treatment of full-thickness cartilage defects of the weightbearing surfaces is a multi-faceted challenge for the orthopaedic surgeon. Autologous osteochondral transplantation represents one solution: to bring about a hyaline or hyalinelike repair of the defected area. The current authors discuss the experimental background and their 8 years of clinical experience with the autologous osteochondral mosaicplasty. Several series of animal studies and subsequent clinical practice have confirmed the survival of the transplanted hyaline cartilage. Hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage fill the donor sites located on the nonweightbearing surfaces and surfaces that bear less weight. Clinical scores, imaging techniques, control arthroscopies, histologic examination of biopsy samples, and cartilage stiffness measurements were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes and quality of the transplanted cartilage. According to these investigations, femoral condylar implantations have shown good to excellent results in 92%, tibial resurfacing in 88%, patellar and/or trochlear mosaicplasties in 81%, and talar procedures in 94% of patients. The Bandi score showed long-term donor site disturbances in 3% of patients. Fifty-eight of the 68 control arthroscopies had good gliding surfaces, histologically-proven survival of the transplanted hyaline cartilage, and fibrocartilage covering of the donor sites. In the entire series, there were four deep infections and 34 painful hemarthroses after surgery. A multicentric, comparative, prospective evaluation of 413 arthroscopic resurfacing procedures (mosaicplasty, Pridie drilling, abrasion arthroplasty, and microfracture cases in homogenized subgroups) showed that mosaicplasty gave a more favorable clinical outcome in the long-term followup, than the other three techniques. Intermediate-term evaluation of the femoral condylar implantations (3-6-years followup) and talar mosaicplasties (3-7-years followup) confirmed the durability of the early results. From these encouraging results from an increasingly large series and similar results from other centers, it seems that autologous osteochondral mosaicplasty may be a viable alternative treatment of localized full-thickness cartilage damage of the weightbearing surfaces of the knee and other weightbearing synovial joints.

Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery, 2003

Purpose: Autologous osteochondral mosaicplasty has become a treatment option for focal chondral a... more Purpose: Autologous osteochondral mosaicplasty has become a treatment option for focal chondral and osteochondral defects in recent years. Excessive postoperative bleeding from the donor site was reported as a possible complication of the procedure. The purpose of this study was to investigate different biodegradable materials for donor site filling, which could prevent excessive postoperative bleeding from these sites but would allow reasonable blood clot formation on the articular surfaces of donor tunnels. Type of Study: Basic science evaluation. Methods: In an experimental model, "donor site plugs" made from hydroxylapatite, carbon fiber, polyglyconate-B, compressed collagen, and 2 versions of polycaprolactones were used to fill the bony tunnels created by harvesting. These materials were tested in 100 knees of 50 German Shepherd dogs to determine the quality of the repair tissue formation on the surfaces of the harvesting holes filled by these materials. Arthroscopies of the dogs were performed at several intervals, from 4 weeks to 26 weeks, and macroscopic studies were performed on euthanized animals between 8 weeks and 30 weeks to evaluate donor site filling and coverage. Empty donor tunnels served as controls for the evaluation of the different filling materials. Results: All tested materials effectively decreased postoperative bleeding. Hydroxylapatite, carbon rods, polyglyconate-B, and melted polycaprolactone materials showed a good integration to the surrounding cancellous bone, but these fillings showed only a limited repair tissue formation, even at 30 weeks postoperatively. Second-look arthroscopy and histologic evaluation of necropsies showed the best fibrocartilage coverage after filling by compressed collagen. Technical details of the filling also had certain importance in the quality of the repair tissue formation. Conclusions: According to histologic results, compressed collagen appears to be a good material to fill donor tunnels of osteochondral graft harvest. This material is substituted gradually by bone formation and its articular surface can serve as an appropriate scaffold for fibrocartilage coverage created by the natural intrinsic repair process.

Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2009

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 2014

One Arabian and 5 Hungarian half-bred horses were used to study the macroscopic and microscopic s... more One Arabian and 5 Hungarian half-bred horses were used to study the macroscopic and microscopic survival of autologous osteochondral grafts in the weight-bearing surface of the medial femoral condyle (MFC). Grafts were harvested from the cranial surface of the medial femoral trochlea (MFT) under arthroscopic control. Three of them were transplanted into the weight-bearing surface of the contralateral MFC using an arthrotomy approach. Three months later this transplantation procedure was repeated on the opposite stifle joints in the same animals, but at that time transplantation was performed arthroscopically. Follow-up arthroscopy was carried out 12 months after the first operations, and biopsies were taken from both the recipient and the donor sites for histological examination. During follow-up arthroscopy, the transplanted areas looked congruent and smooth. Microscopically, the characteristics of hyaline cartilage were present in 5 out of the 10 biopsies examined; however, in the other half of biopsies glycosaminoglycan (GAG) loss and change in the architecture of the transplanted cartilage was observed. In a 16-year-old horse, all grafts broke during harvesting, and thus transplantation was not performed. No radiological signs of osteoarthritic changes were detected 9 to 12 months after the operations in the donor and recipient joints. Clinically, no lameness or effusion was present three months after the transplantations.

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 2000

An 11-year-old, Hungarian half-bred stallion was presented with a history of mixed left hindlimb ... more An 11-year-old, Hungarian half-bred stallion was presented with a history of mixed left hindlimb lameness of 6 months duration. Subchondral bone cyst of the medial femoral condyle and injury of the medial meniscus were diagnosed. Osteochondral autograft transplantation (mosaic arthroplasty) was performed, taking grafts from the less weight-bearing medial border of the medial femoral trochlea of the affected limb, and transplanting them into the cyst during arthroscopy. The lameness was evaluated prior to and one year after the operation with a motion analysis system during treadmill exercise. Considerable improvement of the lameness and the clinical signs as well as successful transplantation of the grafts, and a new hard joint cartilage surface of the medial femoral condyle could be detected during follow-up arthroscopy. Osteochondral autograft transplantation seems to bee a possible alternative for treating subchondral cystic lesions of the medial femoral condyle in horses. A new technique for the surgical treatment of a subchondral cystic lesion of the medial femoral condyle in the horse is described.

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 2001

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 2012

In the present series of cases, 8 laparoscopic cryptorchidectomies and 4 laparoscopic ovariectomi... more In the present series of cases, 8 laparoscopic cryptorchidectomies and 4 laparoscopic ovariectomies were carried out in sedated standing horses. Sedation involved a lesser anaesthesiological risk than does general anaesthesia. As compared to laparotomic exposure, the minimally invasive laparoscopic intervention provided better visualisation, shorter operative time and faster recovery. The blood vessels supplying the testes and ovaries and the suspensory ligaments of the organs were sealed and cut with EnSeal®, an adaptive bipolar electrosurgical blood vessel- and tissue-sealing device. The clinical use of the blood vessel- and tissue-sealing device proved to be successful in all cases. Gradual separation of the intact tissue from the treated, compacted, dehydrated and homogenised tissue areas and occlusion of the lumen of blood vessels treated with the device could be observed in all histological sections. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the use of EnSeal® for laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy and ovariectomy in horses.

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 2010

In the first part of this methodological study eleven metacarpi of 9 skeletally normal horses wer... more In the first part of this methodological study eleven metacarpi of 9 skeletally normal horses were examined from 4 directions by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The differences between the dorsopalmar-palmarodorsal and lateromedial-mediolateral (opposite sites) bone mineral density (BMD) values were found to be nonsignificant. In the second part of the study the precision of the Norland XR-26 densitometer was tested by measuring 34 metacarpal bones and 34 proximal phalanges, each of them three times, from a single direction. The difference between the individual measurements of the first phalanges and of the metacarpal bones originating from the right or the left side of the same horse were not significant, nor did the age or breed have a significant effect on BMD or bone mineral content (BMC). However, both BMD and BMC are greater in the metacarpal bones than in the proximal phalanges and are higher in geldings than in mares or to stallions, while the BMD or BMC values of mares and stallions did not differ from each other significantly. These data point to the necessity of further BMD studies in a higher number of patients.