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Powered by diesel fuel made of jatropha seeds this Mercedes-Benz C 220 CDI covered a distance of ... more Powered by diesel fuel made of jatropha seeds this Mercedes-Benz C 220 CDI covered a distance of 5900 kilometers across India

Costlier and depleting fossil fuels are prompting researchers to use edible as well as non-edible... more Costlier and depleting fossil fuels are prompting researchers to use edible as well as non-edible vegetable oils as promising alternative to petro-diesel. The higher viscosity of vegetable oils leads to problem in pumping, atomization and spray characteristics. The improper mixing of vegetable oils with air leads to incomplete combustion. The best way to use vegetable oils as fuel in compression ignition (CI) engines is to convert it into biodiesel. Biodiesel is a methyl or ethyl ester of fatty acids made from vegetable oils (both edible and non-edible) and animal fat. The main feedstock for biodiesel production can be nonedible oil obtained from Jatropha curcas plant. Jatropha curcas plant can be cultivated on different terrains in India under extreme climatic conditions. Biodiesel can be used in its pure form or as a blend with petro-diesel in different proportions. It is being used in CI engines because it has properties similar to petro-diesel. The aim of this paper is to analyze suitability of petro-diesel blended with biodiesel in varying proportions in CI engines. For this purpose, a stationary single-cylinder four-stroke CI engine was tested with diesel blended with Jatropha biodiesel in 0%, 5%, 20%, 50%, 80% and 100%. Comparative measures of specific fuel consumption (SFC), brake thermal efficiency, smoke opacity, HC, CO 2 , CO, O 2, NO X have been presented and discussed. Engine performance in terms of comparable brake thermal efficiency and SFC with lower emissions (HC, CO 2, CO) was observed with B20 fuel compared to petro-diesel. Volumetric efficiency showed almost no variation for all the blends. Important observations related to noise and vibrations during testing have also been discussed.

a De part ment of Me chan i cal En gi neer ing, Reva In sti tute of Tech nol ogy and Man age ment... more a De part ment of Me chan i cal En gi neer ing, Reva In sti tute of Tech nol ogy and Man age ment Yalahanka Bangalore, Karnataka, In dia b De part ment of Min ing En gi neer ing, Na tional In sti tute of Tech nol ogy Surathkal, Karnataka, In dia Orig i nal sci en tific pa per UDC: 621.43.041.6:662.756.3

This paper presents the results of investigations carried out in studying the fuel properties of ... more This paper presents the results of investigations carried out in studying the fuel properties of karanja methyl ester (KME) and its blend with diesel fuel from 20 to 80% by volume and in running a diesel engine with these fuels. Engine tests have been carried out with the aim of obtaining comparative measures of torque, power, specific fuel consumption and emissions such as CO, smoke density and NO x to evaluate and compute the behaviour of the diesel engine running on above mentioned fuels. The reduction in exhaust emissions together with increase in torque, brake power, brake thermal efficiency and reduction in brake specific fuel consumption make the blends of karanja esterified oil (B20 and B40) a suitable alternative fuel for diesel and could help in controlling air pollution.

This study presents extraction of oil by mechanical expeller and solvent extraction technique fro... more This study presents extraction of oil by mechanical expeller and solvent extraction technique from jatropha and karanja seeds. Physico-chemical properties of extracted oil, jatropha oil methyl ester (JOME) and karanja oil methyl ester (KOME) were tested for their suitability in diesel engine. Mechanical extraction efficiency with expeller developed by IIT Delhi was found to be better (jatropha, 87%; karanja, 86%) as compared to traditional expeller (67-69%). Induction periods (oxidation stability) at 110°C were found to be: JOME, 1.76; and KOME, 2.24 h. Calorific value of JOME (38.65 MJ/kg) and KOME (40.75 MJ/kg) was comparatively lower to base diesel (44.50 MJ/kg). Comparative performance (brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption) and emission (CO, THC, NO x and smoke opacity) characteristics were tested in 4.4 kW, single cylinder, compression ignition engine with constant speed (1500 rpm).

In the present investigation experimental work has been carried out to analyze the emission and p... more In the present investigation experimental work has been carried out to analyze the emission and performance characteristics of a single cylinder 3.67 kW, compression ignition engine fuelled with mineral diesel and diesel-biodiesel blends at an injection pressure of 200 bar. The performance parameters evaluated were break thermal efficiency, break specific energy consumption (BSEC) and the emissions measured were carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), hydrocarbon (HC), and oxides of nitrogen (NO x ). The results of experimental investigation with biodiesel blends were compared with that of baseline diesel. The results indicate that the CO emissions were slightly higher, HC emissions decreased from 12.8 % for B20 and 2.85 % for B40, NO x emissions decreased up to 39 % for B20 and 28 % for B40. The efficiency decreased slightly for blends in comparison with diesel. The BSEC was slightly more for B20 and B40. From the investigation it can be concluded that biodiesel can be used as an alternative to diesel in a compression ignition engine without any engine modifications.

The conventional petroleum fuels are depleting rapidly and the prices are going up day by day. Mo... more The conventional petroleum fuels are depleting rapidly and the prices are going up day by day. Moreover, these petroleum fuels are responsible for green house emissions and other forms of pollution in the environment. Among various options available, the fuels derived from vegetable oils have emerged as promising alternate fuels for IC engines. The use of unmodified or straight vegetable oils in diesel engine creates operational problems due to their high viscosity and poor volatility. In the present work, an experimental setup has been designed to reduce the viscosity of the fuel by blending Karanj oil with Petro-Diesel and preheating the Karanj-Diesel blend. Experiments are also conducted to determine the optimal injection pump timing for the selected blend, with respect to the engine performance parameters. Experiments are performed using Petro-Diesel and preheated Karanj-Diesel blend (in ratio 40:60 by volume) on constant speed direct injection C.I. engine. The effect of injection timing on the preheated Karanj-Diesel blend is investigated and the results are analyzed. On the basis of results obtained, the optimal injection timing is determined for Karanj-Diesel blend, which is found to be 19º BTDC.

Growing concern regarding energy resources and the environment has increased interest in the stud... more Growing concern regarding energy resources and the environment has increased interest in the study of alternative sources of energy. To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been growing interest in alternative fuels like biodiesel to provide a suitable diesel oil substitute for internal combustion engines. Biodiesels offer a very promising alternative to diesel oil since they are renewable and have similar properties. Biodiesel is defined as a transesterified renewable fuel derived from vegetable oils or animal fats with properties similar or better than diesel fuel. Extensive research and demonstration projects have shown it can be used pure or in blends with conventional diesel fuel in unmodified diesel engines. This paper reviews the history of biodiesel development and production practices. Fuel-related properties are reviewed and compared with those of conventional diesel fuel. The effect of use of biodiesel fuel on engine power, fuel consumption and thermal efficiency are collected and analyzed with that of conventional diesel fuel. In the subsequent section, the engine emissions from biodiesel and diesel fuels are compared, paying special attention to the most significant emissions such as nitric oxides and particulate matter.

The research on alternative fuels for compression ignition engine has become essential due to dep... more The research on alternative fuels for compression ignition engine has become essential due to depletion of petroleum products and its major contribution for pollutants, where vegetable oil promises best alternative fuel. Vegetable oils, due to their agricultural origin, are able to reduce net CO2 emissions to the atmosphere.