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Papers by GAURAV RAJ 2K21/B14/71

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2018

WS Recommendation is challenging job due to its dynamic behavior in QoS. This document explains t... more WS Recommendation is challenging job due to its dynamic behavior in QoS. This document explains the various web services that are provided on the internet, how they are implemented, the protocols used in order to invoke these ws, the architecture & lifecycle of ws. The document also elucidates the various Quality analysis parameters and states the quality metrics that are available in order to evaluate the QoS. The evaluation of QoS is very important for the recommendation of web services. In this document, grading or ranking of QoS is done in order to recommend web services. The formulas for computation of rank of QoS has been analyzed and deduced in this documentation. The order in which QoS is ranked, WS is recommended to the user or clients accordingly. The formulas computed in this document are more efficient and clear in terms of factors included.

International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research, 2018

Traffic jam has been and will remain a major problem in most cities around the world. We view thi... more Traffic jam has been and will remain a major problem in most cities around the world. We view this situation as a computation opportunity and propose to build the cloud-computing facilities on the top of jammed cars and other vehicles to turn the energy and other resources that otherwise would be wasted into computing power. Specifically, we define the vehicular mobile cloudlet as a group of nearby vehicular mobile devices congested in the traffic jams while connected by short-range communications. Based on local mobile cloudlets of congested vehicles and available remote cloud-computing resources, we propose and evaluate the JamCloud, a system to collect and aggregate the computation capacities of congested vehicles in the city. For this newly-conceived novel cloud system, the fundamental problems are how much computation capacity the mobile cloudlets have and what is the overall achievable performance of the whole JamCloud system. Based on the three realistic large-scale urban vehicular mobility traces, we analyze and model the vehicular mobility patterns as well as the computation capacity in both the mobile cloudlet and systemwide. Specifically, by analyzing the patterns of staying time, resident number, and incoming and outgoing of vehicles in the regions with traffic jams, we model the mobile cloudlet as a periodic non-homogeneous immigration-death process, which predicts its computational capability with accuracy above 90%. Based on the observed strong Poisson features of mobile cloudlets, we further propose a queueing network model to characterize the overall performance of JamCloud with the computing resources of multiple mobile cloudlets and remote clouds. Our study thus reveals the microscopic computation capability of local cloudlets as well as the overall and asymptotic performance of the JamCloud, which provides foundational understanding to design, such systems in practice. With the inevitably growing trend of making vehicles electric, and in particular with the forthcoming 5th generation (5G) mobile communication technology, the time has finally come to turn JamCloud into reality.

2022 12th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence), 2022

In this era of digitalization where everyone prefers online-based transactional activities, this ... more In this era of digitalization where everyone prefers online-based transactional activities, this increases the demand for a credit card, the fraudulent cases are increasing day by day which causes tremendous loss to an individual. Our model comprises 2 major algorithms and uses anomaly detection as a method to classify fraudulent transactions. With the help of these two algorithms i. e., local outlier factor and Isolation Forest. We are implementing our Machine Learning (ML) Model Credit Card Fraud Detection (CCFD) to get the highest possible degree of accuracy of fraud, these two algorithms in layman rs terms isolate the transaction or it can be considered as an outlier i.e., deviation from a normal and common order which have a high rate of anomaly or fraud transaction.

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 2022

2018 International Conference on Communications (COMM), 2018

Now a days, there are number of cab services providers which are confusing the client with number... more Now a days, there are number of cab services providers which are confusing the client with number of similar kind of service options. That's why there is a need of selecting a quality service from a set of given services. It motivates us to design an approach which is efficient in providing the effective service after the data analysis of real time data developed and collected through Amazon Web Services. This paper aims at analyzing a mathematical model that is used to predict the most efficient output of a dataset of a model using Artificial Neural Network. The proposed mathematical model is made and applied on a database of real time cab services developed using Amazon Web Services to predict the effective web service. We have analyzed the real time dataset using Rapidminer. The Analysis is done on the bases of the threshold and root mean square error values obtained. We are proposing the methodology which is highly competent and accurate in obtaining the results.

This paper presents the design and implementation of high speed Vedic multiplier (Urdhva Tiryagbh... more This paper presents the design and implementation of high speed Vedic multiplier (Urdhva Tiryagbhyam algorithm) using parallel prefix adders on Virtex 6 FPGA. Brent kung adder, which is a parallel prefix adder is used for addition of partial products. Use of Brent kung adder will improve the speed of addition but hardware complexity will increase. A 16-bit and 8-bit vedic multiplier is designed using Verilog Hardware Description Language and synthesized on XiIlinx Design Suite 14.7 and simulated using Isim simulator. Compared to existing designs the proposed design is having significant improvement in delay. The proposed 16-bit/8bit vedic multiplier is having 37% and 32% improvement in delay respectively, compared to an existing recent design.

Indian Journal of Musculoskeletal Radiology, 2021

Objectives: The performance of shear wave elastography (SWE) for peripheral nerve pathology, pred... more Objectives: The performance of shear wave elastography (SWE) for peripheral nerve pathology, predominantly compressive neuropathy, has been studied with the median nerve, sciatic nerve, and tibial nerve. However, studies for ulnar nerve are limited in literature. The aim of the study was to study the performance of SWE for ulnar nerve in arm by analyzing the correlation of elasticity value by two transducers of the same ultrasound system. Material and Methods: This was a prospective observational study. Elasticity of ulnar nerve was measured in the mid-arm and supracondylar region in longitudinal and transverse planes with two different transducers of the same ultrasound system. The reliability of measurement was assessed by interclass correlation of values obtained. Results: Ninety-two ulnar nerve measurement sets were analyzed. The ages of the patients ranged from 14 years to 76 years, with a median age of 50. The SWE values obtained by two probes showed a weak interclass correlat...

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.

2018 International Conference on Advances in Computing and Communication Engineering (ICACCE), 2018

Progressive Web Applications emerged as a better alternative to traditional mobile application de... more Progressive Web Applications emerged as a better alternative to traditional mobile application development. Possessing the best of both native applications and web applications, PWA also offers advantages like offline loading of the application as well as services like push notifications and background synchronization to enhance user engagement. The paper provides an overview of using Progressive Web Apps as modern application development cycle. We have discussed in detail in the paper how progressiveness in a web application offers advantage over native application. The paper also discusses about the architectural pattern followed to develop progressive web apps to improve loading time of the app. API provided by the service workers have also been discussed in detail including push notifications and background synchronization to provide native app like experience. A case study has been carried out to depict the working of various progressive features.

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2019

Humans utilize many muscles to produce intelligible speech, including lips, face and throat. Dysa... more Humans utilize many muscles to produce intelligible speech, including lips, face and throat. Dysarthria is a speech disorder that surfaces when one has weal muscles due to brain damage. Primary characteristics of a dysarthric patient are slurred and slow speech that can be difficult to understand based on the severity of the condition. This paper proposes an approach to improve the intelligibility of the dysarthric speech using a simple yet effective speech-transformation technique such as warping the frequency of LPC poles and mapping coefficients of linear predictive coding. This technique was applied to dysarthric audio from the UA-speech database to obtain the desired results. Both objective and subjective measures are used to evaluate the transformed speech. The obtained results pointed towards a significant improvement in the dysarthric speech’s intelligibility. This method can be used to develop special voice-enabled search platforms for dysarthric patients and in helping rehabilitation of the patients by developing a speech therapy based on auditory feedback.

Global journal of computer science and technology, 2013

Cloud computing is the re-incarnation of the client-server architecture. It is highly promising t... more Cloud computing is the re-incarnation of the client-server architecture. It is highly promising technology because of its unlimited resource provisioning and data storage services which help us in managing the data as per requirements. Due to the use of internet and vital remote servers to maintain the data and applications, the cloud computing environment becomes open for the attackers to attack on the user data and communication services. This paper mainly focuses on the user authentication and data security over the Broker Cloud Computing Paradigm by purposing new cryptographic technique named as Multi Round Selective Encryption using AES. Along with this, we compared our approach with existing cryptographic techniques as AES, Blowfish and Selective encryption to find out its pros and cons. The Multi Round Selective Encryption with AES is the best suitable technique where the file size is large because it gives fast execution by maintaining the encryption complexity as compared t...

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 2020

Crossed beam energy transfer, CBET, in high-intensity laser–plasma interaction is investigated fo... more Crossed beam energy transfer, CBET, in high-intensity laser–plasma interaction is investigated for the case of optically smoothed laser beams. In the two approaches to laser-driven inertial confinement fusion experiments, the direct-drive and the indirect-drive, CBET is of great importance because it governs the coupling of laser energy to the plasma. We use the two-dimensional wave-coupling code H armony to simulate the transfer between two laser beams with speckle structure that overlap in a plasma with an inhomogeneous flow profile. We compare the CBET dynamics for laser beams with spatial incoherence and with spatio-temporal incoherence; in particular we apply the smoothing techniques using random phase plates (RPPs) and smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD), respectively. It is found that for laser beams (wavelength λ 0 ) with intensities ( I L ) above I L ∼ 2 × 10 15 W cm −2 ( λ 0 /0.35 µm) −2 ( T e /keV), both the so-called plasma-induced smoothing as well as self-focusing...

Nature Communications, 2021

Plasma wakefield accelerators are capable of sustaining gigavolt-per-centimeter accelerating fiel... more Plasma wakefield accelerators are capable of sustaining gigavolt-per-centimeter accelerating fields, surpassing the electric breakdown threshold in state-of-the-art accelerator modules by 3-4 orders of magnitude. Beam-driven wakefields offer particularly attractive conditions for the generation and acceleration of high-quality beams. However, this scheme relies on kilometer-scale accelerators. Here, we report on the demonstration of a millimeter-scale plasma accelerator powered by laser-accelerated electron beams. We showcase the acceleration of electron beams to 128 MeV, consistent with simulations exhibiting accelerating gradients exceeding 100 GV m−1. This miniaturized accelerator is further explored by employing a controlled pair of drive and witness electron bunches, where a fraction of the driver energy is transferred to the accelerated witness through the plasma. Such a hybrid approach allows fundamental studies of beam-driven plasma accelerator concepts at widely accessible ...

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 2021

Digital billing is the next big step towards sustainable devolvement and promotion of the idea of... more Digital billing is the next big step towards sustainable devolvement and promotion of the idea of self-budgeting. As conventional printed paper invoices are prone to damage and being misplaced, an electronic solution would allow them to preserve and exchange invoices without manual intervention. This approach would ensure shorter payment delays, fewer errors and reduced printing costs. In this paper we present our idea of a unified web-based digital billing system for exchanging invoices between vendors and customers. Our application allows the users to manage all of their invoices at a single place and make use of our in-built machine learning model to predict trends in their sales and purchases. I. INTRODUCTION The traditional paper printed invoices being used are a major issue in the longer run as they make use of a lot of paper and printing procedures, this causes an increase in the invoicing expense and incurs a huge toll on the environment. In this paper we present a unified web-based digital billing system for exchanging bills between vendors and customers. Our platform would allow both the vendors and the customers on board, where they can manage their sales and purchases respectively. The invoices generated between the vendor and the customer act as a link between them for each of their transactions. A machine learning model is integrated onto the platform allowing the vendors and customers to forecast their future sales and purchases respectively. The model works upon the user's historical transaction data to predict their future transactions. The major features present in our model are the Vendor's Sales Prediction and the Customer's Expense Prediction. We studied and executed multiple prediction algorithms according to our platform's use case. First, we tried ARIMA (Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average), one of the easiest machine learning algorithms to perform time series forecasting. But while integrating it with our system we found that the long term forecasts were eventually becoming a straight line and hence had trouble predicting. Then, we tried to implement LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) which is well-suited to classify, process and make predictions based on time series data, it also takes into account if any lags of unknown duration are present between important events in a time series. We found the output to be over fitted and not up to the par. Lastly, we shifted to Facebook Prophet. It is a procedure for forecasting time series data based on an additive model, where nonlinear trends are integrated with yearly, weekly, daily seasonality and holiday effects. This algorithm yielded us the best results on our platform. We utilized Facebook Prophet for both Vendor and Customer's forecasting model. Considering the participants, Digital Business operations are generally divided into B2C (Business-to-Consumer), B2B (Businessto-Business), and B2G (Business-to-Government). Our system aims at providing a digital answer to B2C (Business-to-Consumer) and B2B (Business-to-Business) exchange of invoices. We hope to drastically reduce the carbon footprint of paper printed invoices and alleviate its impact on the environment by implementing our digital solution and ideally completely seize the usage of papers for invoices. Our solution would also promote the idea of personal money management or self-budgeting within individuals. As this would be a great help for the younger generation by familiarizing them with the idea of self-budgeting. The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has also given us a big reason to promote digital billing in order to reduce the spread of virus via physical contact through the printed bills. As they increase the chances of individuals getting infected with the virus during an exchange. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. In Section II, functional and non-functional specifications, the system architecture and database model specification are explained. In Section III, Machine Learning Model for Sales and Expenditure Forecasting is presented. Section IV describes system development, the use of the application and XSLT transformations. In Section V the future scope and improvements are presented.

Heat and Mass Transfer, 2020

In this paper, the experimental analysis of two types of corrugated plate solar collector (CPSC) ... more In this paper, the experimental analysis of two types of corrugated plate solar collector (CPSC) using water as working fluid has been done. Two similar designs and dimensions of CPSC but different materials of absorber plates have been investigated, the collector1 is copper and collector 2 is aluminium. The performance of energy, exergy and total heat loss coefficient of CPSC were analysed and compared. Thermal performance of CPSC depends on many parameters such as outlet collector temperature, absorber plate temperature, temperature difference, inlet collector temperature, atmospheric temperature, mass flow rate (MFR), solar radiation, wind speed and absorber plate material. The three MFR values of 0.0167 kg/s, 0.025 kg/s and 0.033 kg/s were considered in this experimental setup. The thermal performances of these two types of solar collectors were investigated. Also, a comparison between the performance of these two types of solar collector at various MFR was done. Experimental results show that the use of copper-based CPSC could improve the thermal efficiency compared to the use of aluminium based CPSC. The maximum energy and exergy of copper and aluminium based CPSC was found at MFR 0.033 kg/s. Results show that as the water MFR is increased from 0.0167 kg/s to 0.033 kg/s, the thermal efficiency of collector made of copper and aluminium increases.

Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2019

In this paper, an experimental analysis on modified and conventional dual-purpose solar collector... more In this paper, an experimental analysis on modified and conventional dual-purpose solar collector (DPSC) using water/air as working fluid. In the conventional DPSC (Type 1), flat absorber plate, co...

Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, 2019

Procedia Computer Science, 2018

Gait analysis has a wide application in medical, rehabilitation, geriatric care, biometrics, spor... more Gait analysis has a wide application in medical, rehabilitation, geriatric care, biometrics, sports, animation, and many other avenues. However, gait analysis systems require highly sophisticated devices and methods in a laboratory setup under controlled environment. Consequently, sometimes the subjects are not able to display their natural gait pattern. There is thus a need for a system that works in uncontrolled conditions under practical constraints. This paper proposes a new approach for identification of human joints for gait analysis in a markerless setup or environment. The proposed method has been used successfully to determine coordinates of joints (shoulder, hip, left knee, right knee, left ankle and right ankle). The extracted positions of the joints are then compared with those obtained from marker based identification and ground truth. This comparative analysis performed confirms the efficiency of the proposed techniques used in the determination of the joint trajectory. These trajectory can play crucial role in gait related pathology diagnosis.