G. Anzelmo - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by G. Anzelmo
Minerva pediatrica, Jan 4, 1975
Minerva pediatrica, Jan 15, 1980
Biotechnology of Biopolymers, 2011
AMB Express, 2014
Polysaccharidases from extremophiles are remarkable for specific action, resistance to different ... more Polysaccharidases from extremophiles are remarkable for specific action, resistance to different reaction conditions and other biotechnologically interesting features. In this article the action of crude extracts of thermophilic microorganisms (Thermotoga neapolitana, Geobacillus thermantarcticus and Thermoanaerobacterium thermostercoris) is studied using as substrate hemicellulose from one of the most interesting biomass crops, the giant reed (Arundo donax L.). This biomass can be cultivated without competition and a huge amount of rhizomes remains in the soil at the end of cropping cycle (10-15 years) representing a further source of useful molecules. Optimization of the procedure for preparation of the hemicellulose fraction from rhizomes of Arundo donax, is studied. Polysaccharidases from crude extracts of thermophilic microorganisms revealed to be suitable for total degradative action and/or production of small useful oligosaccharides from hemicelluloses from A. donax. Xylobiose and interesting tetra-and pentasaccharide are obtained by enzymatic action in different conditions. Convenient amount of raw material was processed per mg of crude enzymes. Raw hemicelluloses and pretreated material show antioxidant activity unlike isolated tetra-and pentasaccharide. The body of results suggest that rhizomes represent a useful raw material for the production of valuable industrial products, thus allowing to increase the economic efficiency of A. donax cultivation.
Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2011
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2014
This study aims to identify a high level EPS producer thermophile that in turn could be used as a... more This study aims to identify a high level EPS producer thermophile that in turn could be used as a model organism to study the biological mechanisms and whole genome organization of EPS-producing thermophilic bacteria. Thermophilic isolates were screened and then growth and EPS production of the best producer Brevibacillus thermoruber strain 423 were investigated under different carbon and nitrogen sources, temperature, pH and agitation rates. Rheological characterization revealed that the EPS behaved like a typical Newtonian fluid and viscosity of the EPS solution increased with increasing Ca(2+) ion concentration. Chemical characterization by TLC, GC-MS, FT-IR and NMR suggested a heteropolymer structure with glucose as major monomer unit. High biocompatibility of pure EPS fractions suggested their potential use in biomedical applications. This work reports on the comprehensive description of microbial production conditions as well as chemical, rheological and biological characterization of the EPS produced by B. thermoruber strain 423. The bioreactor cultures were found to reach two times higher yields and three times higher productivities when compared with literature. B. thermoruber strain 423 combined the advantages of its non-pathogenicity with the advantages of fast productivity and hence proved to be a very promising model organism and cell factory for microbial EPS production. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Folia Microbiologica, 2010
The exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by psychrophilic Antarctic yeast Sporobolomyces salmonicol... more The exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by psychrophilic Antarctic yeast Sporobolomyces salmonicolor AL₁ reached the maximum yield in medium containing sucrose (50 g/L) and diammonium sulfate (2.5 g/L) after a 5-d fermentation (5.64 g/L) at 22 °C, the dynamic viscosity of the culture broth reaching (after 5 d) 15.4 mPa s. EPS showed a mannan-like structure and high molar mass, and did not affect cellular viability and proliferation of murine macrophages. It exhibited also a protective effect against the toxic activity of Avarol.
Current Microbiology, 2013
A haloalkaliphilic, thermophilic Bacillus strain (T14), isolated from a shallow hydrothermal vent... more A haloalkaliphilic, thermophilic Bacillus strain (T14), isolated from a shallow hydrothermal vent of Panarea Island (Italy), produced a new exopolysaccharide (EPS). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain T14 was highly related (99 % similarity) to Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13 T and Bacillus sonorensis DSM 13779 T . Further DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed 79.40 % similarity with B. licheniformis DSM 13 T and 39.12 % with B. sonorensis DSM 13779 T . Sucrose (5 %) was the most efficient carbon source for growth and EPS production. The highest EPS production (366 mg l -1 ) was yielded in fermenter culture at 300 rpm after 48 h of incubation. The purified fraction EPS1 contained fructose/fucose/glucose/galactosamine/ mannose in a relative proportion of 1.0:0.75:0.28:tr:tr and possessed a molecular weight of 1,000 kDa displaying a trisaccharide unit constituted by sugars with a b-mannopyranosidic configuration. Screening for biological activity showed anti-cytotoxic effect of EPS1 against Avarol in brine shrimp test, indicating a potential use in the development of novel drugs.
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2013
Synthesis of innovative exocellular polysaccharides (EPSs) was reported for few thermophilic micr... more Synthesis of innovative exocellular polysaccharides (EPSs) was reported for few thermophilic microorganisms as one of the mechanisms for surviving at high temperature. Thermophilic aerobic spore-forming bacteria able to produce exopolysaccharides were isolated from hydrothermal springs in Bulgaria. They were referred to four species, such as Aeribacillus pallidus, Geobacillus toebii, Brevibacillus thermoruber, and Anoxybacillus kestanbolensis. The highest production was established for the strain 418, whose phylogenetic and phenotypic properties referred it to the species A. pallidus. Maltose and NH 4 Cl were observed to be correspondingly the best carbon and nitrogen sources and production yield was increased more than twofold in the process of culture condition optimization. After purification of the polymer fraction, a presence of two different EPSs, electroneutral EPS 1 and negatively charged EPS 2, in a relative weight ratio 3:2.2 was established. They were heteropolysaccharides consisting of unusual high variety of sugars (six for EPS 1 and seven for EPS 2). Six of the sugars were common for both EPSs. The main sugar in EPS 1 was mannose (69.3 %); smaller quantities of glucose (11.2 %), galactosamine (6.3 %), glucosamine (5.4 %), galactose (4.7 %), and ribose (2.9 %) were also identified. The main sugar in EPS 2 was also mannose (33.9 %), followed by galactose (17.9 %), glucose (15.5 %), Appl Biochem Biotechnol (2013) 171:31-43 galactosamine (11.7 %), glucosamine (8.1 %), ribose (5.3 %), and arabinose (4.9 %). Both polymers showed high molecular weight and high thermostability.
Marine Drugs, 2010
Many marine bacteria produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) as a strategy for growth, adhering to solid... more Many marine bacteria produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) as a strategy for growth, adhering to solid surfaces, and to survive adverse conditions. There is growing interest in isolating new EPS producing bacteria from marine environments, particularly from extreme marine environments such as deep-sea hydrothermal vents characterized by high pressure and temperature and heavy metal presence. Marine EPS-producing microorganisms have been also isolated from several extreme niches such as the cold marine environments typically of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice, characterized by low temperature and low nutrient concentration, and the hypersaline marine environment found in a wide variety of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems such as salt lakes and salterns. Most of their EPSs are heteropolysaccharides containing three or four different monosaccharides arranged in groups of 10 or less to form the repeating units. These polymers are often linear with an average molecular weight ranging from 1 × 10 5 to 3 × 10 5 Da. Some EPS are neutral macromolecules, but the majority of them are polyanionic for the presence of uronic acids or ketal-linked pyruvate or inorganic residues such as phosphate or sulfate. EPSs, forming a layer surrounding the cell, provide an effective protection against high or low temperature and salinity, or against possible predators. By examining their structure and chemical-physical characteristics it is possible to gain insight into their commercial application, and they are employed in several industries. Indeed EPSs produced by microorganisms from extreme habitats show biotechnological promise ranging from pharmaceutical industries, for their immunomodulatory and antiviral effects, bone
Minerva pediatrica, Jan 4, 1975
Minerva pediatrica, Jan 15, 1980
Biotechnology of Biopolymers, 2011
AMB Express, 2014
Polysaccharidases from extremophiles are remarkable for specific action, resistance to different ... more Polysaccharidases from extremophiles are remarkable for specific action, resistance to different reaction conditions and other biotechnologically interesting features. In this article the action of crude extracts of thermophilic microorganisms (Thermotoga neapolitana, Geobacillus thermantarcticus and Thermoanaerobacterium thermostercoris) is studied using as substrate hemicellulose from one of the most interesting biomass crops, the giant reed (Arundo donax L.). This biomass can be cultivated without competition and a huge amount of rhizomes remains in the soil at the end of cropping cycle (10-15 years) representing a further source of useful molecules. Optimization of the procedure for preparation of the hemicellulose fraction from rhizomes of Arundo donax, is studied. Polysaccharidases from crude extracts of thermophilic microorganisms revealed to be suitable for total degradative action and/or production of small useful oligosaccharides from hemicelluloses from A. donax. Xylobiose and interesting tetra-and pentasaccharide are obtained by enzymatic action in different conditions. Convenient amount of raw material was processed per mg of crude enzymes. Raw hemicelluloses and pretreated material show antioxidant activity unlike isolated tetra-and pentasaccharide. The body of results suggest that rhizomes represent a useful raw material for the production of valuable industrial products, thus allowing to increase the economic efficiency of A. donax cultivation.
Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2011
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2014
This study aims to identify a high level EPS producer thermophile that in turn could be used as a... more This study aims to identify a high level EPS producer thermophile that in turn could be used as a model organism to study the biological mechanisms and whole genome organization of EPS-producing thermophilic bacteria. Thermophilic isolates were screened and then growth and EPS production of the best producer Brevibacillus thermoruber strain 423 were investigated under different carbon and nitrogen sources, temperature, pH and agitation rates. Rheological characterization revealed that the EPS behaved like a typical Newtonian fluid and viscosity of the EPS solution increased with increasing Ca(2+) ion concentration. Chemical characterization by TLC, GC-MS, FT-IR and NMR suggested a heteropolymer structure with glucose as major monomer unit. High biocompatibility of pure EPS fractions suggested their potential use in biomedical applications. This work reports on the comprehensive description of microbial production conditions as well as chemical, rheological and biological characterization of the EPS produced by B. thermoruber strain 423. The bioreactor cultures were found to reach two times higher yields and three times higher productivities when compared with literature. B. thermoruber strain 423 combined the advantages of its non-pathogenicity with the advantages of fast productivity and hence proved to be a very promising model organism and cell factory for microbial EPS production. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Folia Microbiologica, 2010
The exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by psychrophilic Antarctic yeast Sporobolomyces salmonicol... more The exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by psychrophilic Antarctic yeast Sporobolomyces salmonicolor AL₁ reached the maximum yield in medium containing sucrose (50 g/L) and diammonium sulfate (2.5 g/L) after a 5-d fermentation (5.64 g/L) at 22 °C, the dynamic viscosity of the culture broth reaching (after 5 d) 15.4 mPa s. EPS showed a mannan-like structure and high molar mass, and did not affect cellular viability and proliferation of murine macrophages. It exhibited also a protective effect against the toxic activity of Avarol.
Current Microbiology, 2013
A haloalkaliphilic, thermophilic Bacillus strain (T14), isolated from a shallow hydrothermal vent... more A haloalkaliphilic, thermophilic Bacillus strain (T14), isolated from a shallow hydrothermal vent of Panarea Island (Italy), produced a new exopolysaccharide (EPS). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain T14 was highly related (99 % similarity) to Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13 T and Bacillus sonorensis DSM 13779 T . Further DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed 79.40 % similarity with B. licheniformis DSM 13 T and 39.12 % with B. sonorensis DSM 13779 T . Sucrose (5 %) was the most efficient carbon source for growth and EPS production. The highest EPS production (366 mg l -1 ) was yielded in fermenter culture at 300 rpm after 48 h of incubation. The purified fraction EPS1 contained fructose/fucose/glucose/galactosamine/ mannose in a relative proportion of 1.0:0.75:0.28:tr:tr and possessed a molecular weight of 1,000 kDa displaying a trisaccharide unit constituted by sugars with a b-mannopyranosidic configuration. Screening for biological activity showed anti-cytotoxic effect of EPS1 against Avarol in brine shrimp test, indicating a potential use in the development of novel drugs.
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2013
Synthesis of innovative exocellular polysaccharides (EPSs) was reported for few thermophilic micr... more Synthesis of innovative exocellular polysaccharides (EPSs) was reported for few thermophilic microorganisms as one of the mechanisms for surviving at high temperature. Thermophilic aerobic spore-forming bacteria able to produce exopolysaccharides were isolated from hydrothermal springs in Bulgaria. They were referred to four species, such as Aeribacillus pallidus, Geobacillus toebii, Brevibacillus thermoruber, and Anoxybacillus kestanbolensis. The highest production was established for the strain 418, whose phylogenetic and phenotypic properties referred it to the species A. pallidus. Maltose and NH 4 Cl were observed to be correspondingly the best carbon and nitrogen sources and production yield was increased more than twofold in the process of culture condition optimization. After purification of the polymer fraction, a presence of two different EPSs, electroneutral EPS 1 and negatively charged EPS 2, in a relative weight ratio 3:2.2 was established. They were heteropolysaccharides consisting of unusual high variety of sugars (six for EPS 1 and seven for EPS 2). Six of the sugars were common for both EPSs. The main sugar in EPS 1 was mannose (69.3 %); smaller quantities of glucose (11.2 %), galactosamine (6.3 %), glucosamine (5.4 %), galactose (4.7 %), and ribose (2.9 %) were also identified. The main sugar in EPS 2 was also mannose (33.9 %), followed by galactose (17.9 %), glucose (15.5 %), Appl Biochem Biotechnol (2013) 171:31-43 galactosamine (11.7 %), glucosamine (8.1 %), ribose (5.3 %), and arabinose (4.9 %). Both polymers showed high molecular weight and high thermostability.
Marine Drugs, 2010
Many marine bacteria produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) as a strategy for growth, adhering to solid... more Many marine bacteria produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) as a strategy for growth, adhering to solid surfaces, and to survive adverse conditions. There is growing interest in isolating new EPS producing bacteria from marine environments, particularly from extreme marine environments such as deep-sea hydrothermal vents characterized by high pressure and temperature and heavy metal presence. Marine EPS-producing microorganisms have been also isolated from several extreme niches such as the cold marine environments typically of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice, characterized by low temperature and low nutrient concentration, and the hypersaline marine environment found in a wide variety of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems such as salt lakes and salterns. Most of their EPSs are heteropolysaccharides containing three or four different monosaccharides arranged in groups of 10 or less to form the repeating units. These polymers are often linear with an average molecular weight ranging from 1 × 10 5 to 3 × 10 5 Da. Some EPS are neutral macromolecules, but the majority of them are polyanionic for the presence of uronic acids or ketal-linked pyruvate or inorganic residues such as phosphate or sulfate. EPSs, forming a layer surrounding the cell, provide an effective protection against high or low temperature and salinity, or against possible predators. By examining their structure and chemical-physical characteristics it is possible to gain insight into their commercial application, and they are employed in several industries. Indeed EPSs produced by microorganisms from extreme habitats show biotechnological promise ranging from pharmaceutical industries, for their immunomodulatory and antiviral effects, bone