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Papers by Gokhan CALISKAN
The Physical Educator
In this study, classifications were made from the data obtained from the Health-Related Physical ... more In this study, classifications were made from the data obtained from the Health-Related Physical Fitness Report cards and BMIs of students through data mining methods, artificial neural networks, and decision trees models. Then the classification performances of both models were compared. The body weight and height measurements of the students in the Health-Related Physical Fitness Report were formulated, and their BMI classification was made. In addition, it was investigated whether other parameters such as shuttle, push-up, and sit-and-stretch flexibility test values had an effect on BMI classification. The study group comprised 1,050 secondary school students studying in the Cihanbeyli district of Konya in 2017. In conclusion, it was determined that artificial neural networks had more correct classifications than decision trees analysis. In the Health-Related Physical Fitness Report, shuttle and push-up stood out among the variables affecting BMI classification.
The Anthropologist, 2016
This study was carried out to determine the psychological and biochemical parameters of the Ameri... more This study was carried out to determine the psychological and biochemical parameters of the American Football players who chose this high-contact sport, and to compare those parameters with those of the players of volleyball, a non-contact sport. Participants were 39 American Football Players, and 21 volleyball players. According to t-test results, there were some statistically significant differences between the average points of conscientiousness, competition anxiety, and intensity of the American football as compared to those of the volleyball players. Discriminate analysis revealed one significant function. According to discriminate function, analysis were correctly placed at 79.5 percent to the American footballers (n=31), and 85.7 percent to the volleyball players (n=18). However, 20.5 percent of the American footballer (n=8) and 14.3 percent of the volleyball players (n=3) were wrongly placed. According to dissociation analysis, the 81.7 percent players were correctly classif...
Biomedical Research-tokyo, 2017
The purpose of this study was to determine gender differences in hand grip strength of the child ... more The purpose of this study was to determine gender differences in hand grip strength of the child athletes using absolute, ratio and allometric scaling methods. 75 male (age: 10.47 ± 1.11 years) and 65 female (age: 10.51 ± 1.13 years) healthy and physical active child athletes aged 8-10 years volunteered to participate in this study. Arm volume measurements of the child athletes were conducted using a water displacement method. Right and left hand grip strength was measured with hand dynamometer. A dependent t-test was used to make a gender-based comparison of hand grip strength in absolute and proportion to body size. There were no significant strength differences found between boys and girls in terms of absolute, ratio scaling and allometric scaling methods related to arm volume (p>0.05). However, maximum hand grip strength of the boys was higher than girls both ratio scaling and allometric scaling methods related to body mass (p<0.05).
Current Psychology, 2019
The purpose of this study was to review the relationship between dark personality traits and work... more The purpose of this study was to review the relationship between dark personality traits and work values in athletes. In total, 261 athletes from various universities in Turkey (179 male and 82 female) voluntarily participated in this study. The participants were administered two scales: the Turkish versions of the Work Values Inventory and the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen. Canonical correlation analysis was used to explore the correlations among variables in the work values and dark personality datasets. The results revealed a negative correlation between work values and the presence of dark personality characteristics. Creativity and achievement were key variables with the largest contribution to the first canonical root in the work values set. Similarly, the variables with the largest contribution to the first canonical root in the dark personality set were Machiavellianism and psychopathy. In addition, achievement and prestige in the work values set and narcissism and psychopathy in the dark personality set were correlated with the second canonical root. While creativity and achievement were negatively correlated with Machiavellianism and psychopathy, narcissism was positively related to prestige and achievement.
European Scientific Journal, Mar 31, 2014
The purpose of this study is to determine decision-making strategies of hockey players according ... more The purpose of this study is to determine decision-making strategies of hockey players according to some variables. 124 ice hockey players of 68 men and 56 women who have participated in the Inter-University Ice Hockey Tournament participated in the study. Decision Making Strategies Scale developed by Kuzgun (1993) was used to determine the strategies of decision making strategies of the participants. In the analysis of data obtained in SPSS 15.0 for Windows program, Mann Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H analysis was used. At the end of the study, it has been found that there is no significant difference on decision-making strategies of hockey players, according to the family income and family structure and gender of the athletes (p>0.05). In contrast, it has been determined that decision making strategies vary according to the number of siblings; athletes who have 1-3 siblings compared to the ones who have 4-6 siblings are higher in logical-systematic decision making strategies statistically (p < 0.05). Besides, it is also determined that ice hockey players who participated in the research logical-systematic decision making use impulsive decisionmaking, decision-making dependent on mid-level.
European Scientific Journal, Apr 29, 2014
The aim of this research is to analyze the success motivation of the ice-hockey players peculiar ... more The aim of this research is to analyze the success motivation of the ice-hockey players peculiar to sports according to some variables. The total number of the participants is 136 of whom are 61 males and 75 females, attending to intercollegiate ice-hockey games.-Motivation Scale Peculiar to Sports‖, developed by Wills (1982), adopted to Turkish and validity and reliability tests done by Tiryaki and Gödelek (1997), has been used in the determination of the motivation levels of the sportsmen. SPSS 15.0 for in the Windows program Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis H test and Spearman Correlation analysis are used in the statistical analysis of the findings. It has been determined at the end of the research that showing strength, gaining success and failure aversion which are the sub dimensions of the motivation in the sports success, demonstrate no significant differences according to gender, the aim of doing sports, the their financial expectation from sports and level of income (P>0.05). It has also been found out that as long as the scores of showing strength increase, the scores of gaining success motivation increase too (p<0.05); so as the motivation of gaining success increases , the motivation of failure aversion decreases. However it has been determined that the relationship between gaining success and failure aversion is statistically meaningless (p<0.05). As a result it can be said that there is need for many more studies to determine the factors, effecting the success motivation peculiar to sports among the icehockey players.
Bu ara rman n amac beden e itimi ve spor yüksekokulu ö rencilerinin benlik sayg düzeylerini çe it... more Bu ara rman n amac beden e itimi ve spor yüksekokulu ö rencilerinin benlik sayg düzeylerini çe itli de kenlere göre incelemektir. Ara rmaya 2014-2015 y nda Gazi Üniversitesi Beden E itimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu ö rencisi olan toplam 306 ö renci kat lm r. Ara rmaya kat l a n örencilerin demografik özelliklerinin belirlenmesinde ki isel bilgi formu kullan lm r. Ö rencilerin benlik sayg lar n ölçülmesinde Coopersmith Benlik Sayg Envanteri kullan lm r. Elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel analizlerinde SPSS 22.0 for Windows program nda Kruskal Wallis H testi, Mann Whitney U testi ve frekans analizi kullan lm r. Ara rman n sonunda spor bölümü ö rencilerinin benlik sayg lar n cinsiyetlerine göre anlaml farkl k göstermedi i belirlenmi tir (p>0.05). Ö rencilerin ya gruplar na göre benlik sayg lar n anlaml düzeyde farkl la mad tespit edilmi tir (p>0.05). Ayr ca ö rencilerin lisansl olarak spor yapma durumlar na göre de benlik sayg lar n istatistiksel olarak anlaml farkl k göstermedi i tespit edilmi tir (p>0.05).
Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 2015
The current study aims to test the reliability and validity of the Leader-Member Exchange (LMX 7)... more The current study aims to test the reliability and validity of the Leader-Member Exchange (LMX 7) scale with regard to coach-player relationships in sports settings. A total of 330 professional soccer players from the Turkish Super League as well as from the First and Second Leagues participated in this study. Factor analyses were performed to test the construct validity of the LMX 7. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a one-factor solution for the LMX 7. Confirmatory factor analysis showed acceptable fit indices (χ 2 (14) = 31.36; p = .001; χ 2 /df = 2.24; GFI = .95; CFI = .97; SRMR = .05). Cronbach`s alpha (α = .84) and construct reliability (CR = .85) indicated that the reliability of the LMX 7 was quite good. Factorial Invariance (Δχ 2 diff = 4.49; p > .05) across samples provided cross-validation using Multi-Group Confirmatory Analysis (MGCFA). The MGCFA supported the model of league invariance. Evidence of cross validation and configural, metric, and scalar invariance tests suggested that the LMX 7 scale preserves its factor structure, factor loadings, factor variances, and item uniqueness equally well. Chi-square difference tests revealed full invariance (Δχ 2 (6) = 11.45; p > .05) and partial scalar invariance (Δχ 2 (6) = 9.46; p > .05). Overall, these results show that the LMX 7 scale is reliable and valid for examining coach-player relationships.
International Journal of Academic Research, 2013
European Scientific Journal, 2016
The purpose of this study is to develop a Satisfaction Scale for Athlete and to test its reliabil... more The purpose of this study is to develop a Satisfaction Scale for Athlete and to test its reliability and validity. Three hundred forty one professional soccer players from Turkish Super League, First and Second League voluntarily participated in this study. SSA consists of 16 items and three subscales, which are satisfaction with coach, satisfaction with team performance and satisfaction with teammates. Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Multi-Sample Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Factorial Invariance were conducted to construct validity of the Satisfaction Scale for Athlete. MANOVA was performed for known-groups validity analysis of the Satisfaction Scale for Athlete by comparing the scores of soccer players from Turkish Super League with the soccer players from First and Second Leagues. As a result, support for construct validity, reliability and with soccer athletes was established, along with measurement invariance. MANOVA analyses showed predicted disc...
British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, 2016
The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between successful intelligence and coa... more The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between successful intelligence and coaching efficacy among football coaches in Turkey. Participants of the study were 220 males (M age = 35.72±9.49) from various coaching degree, C level (n=109: 49.05%), B level (n=57: 25.65%), A level (n=32: 14.40%) and not given (n=22; 10.90%). Successful Intelligence Questionnaire and Coaching Efficacy Scale were administered to the participants. Canonical correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationships between two sets of variables. Successful intelligence in three dimensions-analytical, creative and practical-was related to coaching efficacy in four domainsmotivation, game strategy, technique and character building. Canonical correlation analysis results revealed that the analytical and practical abilities were the most contributed predictor of coaching efficacy in motivation and character building domains. In conclusion, the coaches who have analytical and practical abilities are more pronounced in terms of game strategy and technique efficacy.
The Physical Educator
In this study, classifications were made from the data obtained from the Health-Related Physical ... more In this study, classifications were made from the data obtained from the Health-Related Physical Fitness Report cards and BMIs of students through data mining methods, artificial neural networks, and decision trees models. Then the classification performances of both models were compared. The body weight and height measurements of the students in the Health-Related Physical Fitness Report were formulated, and their BMI classification was made. In addition, it was investigated whether other parameters such as shuttle, push-up, and sit-and-stretch flexibility test values had an effect on BMI classification. The study group comprised 1,050 secondary school students studying in the Cihanbeyli district of Konya in 2017. In conclusion, it was determined that artificial neural networks had more correct classifications than decision trees analysis. In the Health-Related Physical Fitness Report, shuttle and push-up stood out among the variables affecting BMI classification.
The Anthropologist, 2016
This study was carried out to determine the psychological and biochemical parameters of the Ameri... more This study was carried out to determine the psychological and biochemical parameters of the American Football players who chose this high-contact sport, and to compare those parameters with those of the players of volleyball, a non-contact sport. Participants were 39 American Football Players, and 21 volleyball players. According to t-test results, there were some statistically significant differences between the average points of conscientiousness, competition anxiety, and intensity of the American football as compared to those of the volleyball players. Discriminate analysis revealed one significant function. According to discriminate function, analysis were correctly placed at 79.5 percent to the American footballers (n=31), and 85.7 percent to the volleyball players (n=18). However, 20.5 percent of the American footballer (n=8) and 14.3 percent of the volleyball players (n=3) were wrongly placed. According to dissociation analysis, the 81.7 percent players were correctly classif...
Biomedical Research-tokyo, 2017
The purpose of this study was to determine gender differences in hand grip strength of the child ... more The purpose of this study was to determine gender differences in hand grip strength of the child athletes using absolute, ratio and allometric scaling methods. 75 male (age: 10.47 ± 1.11 years) and 65 female (age: 10.51 ± 1.13 years) healthy and physical active child athletes aged 8-10 years volunteered to participate in this study. Arm volume measurements of the child athletes were conducted using a water displacement method. Right and left hand grip strength was measured with hand dynamometer. A dependent t-test was used to make a gender-based comparison of hand grip strength in absolute and proportion to body size. There were no significant strength differences found between boys and girls in terms of absolute, ratio scaling and allometric scaling methods related to arm volume (p>0.05). However, maximum hand grip strength of the boys was higher than girls both ratio scaling and allometric scaling methods related to body mass (p<0.05).
Current Psychology, 2019
The purpose of this study was to review the relationship between dark personality traits and work... more The purpose of this study was to review the relationship between dark personality traits and work values in athletes. In total, 261 athletes from various universities in Turkey (179 male and 82 female) voluntarily participated in this study. The participants were administered two scales: the Turkish versions of the Work Values Inventory and the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen. Canonical correlation analysis was used to explore the correlations among variables in the work values and dark personality datasets. The results revealed a negative correlation between work values and the presence of dark personality characteristics. Creativity and achievement were key variables with the largest contribution to the first canonical root in the work values set. Similarly, the variables with the largest contribution to the first canonical root in the dark personality set were Machiavellianism and psychopathy. In addition, achievement and prestige in the work values set and narcissism and psychopathy in the dark personality set were correlated with the second canonical root. While creativity and achievement were negatively correlated with Machiavellianism and psychopathy, narcissism was positively related to prestige and achievement.
European Scientific Journal, Mar 31, 2014
The purpose of this study is to determine decision-making strategies of hockey players according ... more The purpose of this study is to determine decision-making strategies of hockey players according to some variables. 124 ice hockey players of 68 men and 56 women who have participated in the Inter-University Ice Hockey Tournament participated in the study. Decision Making Strategies Scale developed by Kuzgun (1993) was used to determine the strategies of decision making strategies of the participants. In the analysis of data obtained in SPSS 15.0 for Windows program, Mann Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H analysis was used. At the end of the study, it has been found that there is no significant difference on decision-making strategies of hockey players, according to the family income and family structure and gender of the athletes (p>0.05). In contrast, it has been determined that decision making strategies vary according to the number of siblings; athletes who have 1-3 siblings compared to the ones who have 4-6 siblings are higher in logical-systematic decision making strategies statistically (p < 0.05). Besides, it is also determined that ice hockey players who participated in the research logical-systematic decision making use impulsive decisionmaking, decision-making dependent on mid-level.
European Scientific Journal, Apr 29, 2014
The aim of this research is to analyze the success motivation of the ice-hockey players peculiar ... more The aim of this research is to analyze the success motivation of the ice-hockey players peculiar to sports according to some variables. The total number of the participants is 136 of whom are 61 males and 75 females, attending to intercollegiate ice-hockey games.-Motivation Scale Peculiar to Sports‖, developed by Wills (1982), adopted to Turkish and validity and reliability tests done by Tiryaki and Gödelek (1997), has been used in the determination of the motivation levels of the sportsmen. SPSS 15.0 for in the Windows program Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis H test and Spearman Correlation analysis are used in the statistical analysis of the findings. It has been determined at the end of the research that showing strength, gaining success and failure aversion which are the sub dimensions of the motivation in the sports success, demonstrate no significant differences according to gender, the aim of doing sports, the their financial expectation from sports and level of income (P>0.05). It has also been found out that as long as the scores of showing strength increase, the scores of gaining success motivation increase too (p<0.05); so as the motivation of gaining success increases , the motivation of failure aversion decreases. However it has been determined that the relationship between gaining success and failure aversion is statistically meaningless (p<0.05). As a result it can be said that there is need for many more studies to determine the factors, effecting the success motivation peculiar to sports among the icehockey players.
Bu ara rman n amac beden e itimi ve spor yüksekokulu ö rencilerinin benlik sayg düzeylerini çe it... more Bu ara rman n amac beden e itimi ve spor yüksekokulu ö rencilerinin benlik sayg düzeylerini çe itli de kenlere göre incelemektir. Ara rmaya 2014-2015 y nda Gazi Üniversitesi Beden E itimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu ö rencisi olan toplam 306 ö renci kat lm r. Ara rmaya kat l a n örencilerin demografik özelliklerinin belirlenmesinde ki isel bilgi formu kullan lm r. Ö rencilerin benlik sayg lar n ölçülmesinde Coopersmith Benlik Sayg Envanteri kullan lm r. Elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel analizlerinde SPSS 22.0 for Windows program nda Kruskal Wallis H testi, Mann Whitney U testi ve frekans analizi kullan lm r. Ara rman n sonunda spor bölümü ö rencilerinin benlik sayg lar n cinsiyetlerine göre anlaml farkl k göstermedi i belirlenmi tir (p>0.05). Ö rencilerin ya gruplar na göre benlik sayg lar n anlaml düzeyde farkl la mad tespit edilmi tir (p>0.05). Ayr ca ö rencilerin lisansl olarak spor yapma durumlar na göre de benlik sayg lar n istatistiksel olarak anlaml farkl k göstermedi i tespit edilmi tir (p>0.05).
Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 2015
The current study aims to test the reliability and validity of the Leader-Member Exchange (LMX 7)... more The current study aims to test the reliability and validity of the Leader-Member Exchange (LMX 7) scale with regard to coach-player relationships in sports settings. A total of 330 professional soccer players from the Turkish Super League as well as from the First and Second Leagues participated in this study. Factor analyses were performed to test the construct validity of the LMX 7. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a one-factor solution for the LMX 7. Confirmatory factor analysis showed acceptable fit indices (χ 2 (14) = 31.36; p = .001; χ 2 /df = 2.24; GFI = .95; CFI = .97; SRMR = .05). Cronbach`s alpha (α = .84) and construct reliability (CR = .85) indicated that the reliability of the LMX 7 was quite good. Factorial Invariance (Δχ 2 diff = 4.49; p > .05) across samples provided cross-validation using Multi-Group Confirmatory Analysis (MGCFA). The MGCFA supported the model of league invariance. Evidence of cross validation and configural, metric, and scalar invariance tests suggested that the LMX 7 scale preserves its factor structure, factor loadings, factor variances, and item uniqueness equally well. Chi-square difference tests revealed full invariance (Δχ 2 (6) = 11.45; p > .05) and partial scalar invariance (Δχ 2 (6) = 9.46; p > .05). Overall, these results show that the LMX 7 scale is reliable and valid for examining coach-player relationships.
International Journal of Academic Research, 2013
European Scientific Journal, 2016
The purpose of this study is to develop a Satisfaction Scale for Athlete and to test its reliabil... more The purpose of this study is to develop a Satisfaction Scale for Athlete and to test its reliability and validity. Three hundred forty one professional soccer players from Turkish Super League, First and Second League voluntarily participated in this study. SSA consists of 16 items and three subscales, which are satisfaction with coach, satisfaction with team performance and satisfaction with teammates. Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Multi-Sample Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Factorial Invariance were conducted to construct validity of the Satisfaction Scale for Athlete. MANOVA was performed for known-groups validity analysis of the Satisfaction Scale for Athlete by comparing the scores of soccer players from Turkish Super League with the soccer players from First and Second Leagues. As a result, support for construct validity, reliability and with soccer athletes was established, along with measurement invariance. MANOVA analyses showed predicted disc...
British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, 2016
The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between successful intelligence and coa... more The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between successful intelligence and coaching efficacy among football coaches in Turkey. Participants of the study were 220 males (M age = 35.72±9.49) from various coaching degree, C level (n=109: 49.05%), B level (n=57: 25.65%), A level (n=32: 14.40%) and not given (n=22; 10.90%). Successful Intelligence Questionnaire and Coaching Efficacy Scale were administered to the participants. Canonical correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationships between two sets of variables. Successful intelligence in three dimensions-analytical, creative and practical-was related to coaching efficacy in four domainsmotivation, game strategy, technique and character building. Canonical correlation analysis results revealed that the analytical and practical abilities were the most contributed predictor of coaching efficacy in motivation and character building domains. In conclusion, the coaches who have analytical and practical abilities are more pronounced in terms of game strategy and technique efficacy.