G. Cozon - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by G. Cozon
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 2016
Background: IgG replacement therapy (IgRT) in primary immunodeficiencies (PID) is a lifelong trea... more Background: IgG replacement therapy (IgRT) in primary immunodeficiencies (PID) is a lifelong treatment which may be administered intravenously (IVIg) or subcutaneously (SCIg), at hospital or at home. The objective of the VISAGE study was to investigate if route and/or place for IgRT impact patients' satisfaction regarding IgRT and quality of life (QoL) in real-life conditions. Methods: The study enrolled PID patients at least 15 years old receiving IgRT for at least 3 months. Satisfaction and QoL were evaluated at enrollment and over a 12-month follow-up period by Life Quality Index (LQI) which measures 3 dimensions of satisfaction: treatment interference, therapy related problems and therapy settings (factors I, II and III) and SF-36 v2 questionnaire. Results: The study included 116 PID patients (mean age 42 ± 18 years, 44 % males, 58 % with scholar or professional occupation) receiving IgRT for a mean of 8.5 ± 8.4 years. At enrollment they were receiving either home-based SCIg (51 %), hospital-based IVIg (40 %) or home-based IVIg (9 %). Patients exhibited a high degree of satisfaction regarding IgRT whatever the route and place for administration. LQI factor I was higher for home-based SCIg (86 ± 2) than for hospital-based IVIg (81 ± 3) and home-based IVIg (73 ± 5; p = 0.02 versus home-based SCIg); no difference was found for LQI factor II; LQI factor III was higher for home-based SCIg (92 ± 2) than for hospital-based IVIg (87 ± 5) and hospital-based IVIg (82 ± 3; p = 0.005 versus home-based SCIg). By contrast, every dimension of QoL was impaired. Over the follow-up period, 10 patients switched from hospital-based IVIg to home-based SCIg and improved LQI factor I (p = 0.004) and factor III (p = 0.02), while no change was noticed in LQI factors II and QoL. Meanwhile, no change in satisfaction or QoL was found in patients with stable route of IgRT. When asked on their preferred place of treatment all but one patient with home-based treatment would choose to be treated at home and 29 % of patients treated at hospital would prefer home-based IgRT. Conclusion: PID patients expressed a high degree of satisfaction regarding IgRT, contrasting with impaired QoL. In real-life conditions awareness of patient's expectations regarding the route or place of IgRT may be associated with further improvement of satisfaction.
La Revue de Médecine Interne, 2016
Médecine & Longévité, 2011
Objectives.-Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and fibromyalgia (FM) are somatoform disorders of unkn... more Objectives.-Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and fibromyalgia (FM) are somatoform disorders of unknown aetiology. Even post-infectious onset of CFS is frequent, no specific microorganism is commonly found to explain theses disorders. Nevertheless, frequent mucosal symptoms as pharyngitis or irritable bowel syndrome in patients suggest a role of mucosal microorganisms to explain such disorders. Patients and methods.-Patients addressed for chronic fatigue or pain between January 2006 and June 2008 were included in this study. Patients were classified as CFS or FM according to international criteria. Intestinal symptoms, anxiety and depression were explored using questionnaires. T cell reactivity to microbial antigens (Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus) were analysed in flow cytometry after staining with monoclonal antibodies (anti-CD3, CD4 and CD69). Results.-Five hundred and five patients were included in this study. There was a positive correlation between minor criteria of CFS and the number of FM tender points. Severe depression and digestive symptoms were present in 27 and 92 % of patients, respectively. Abnormal reactivity to C. albicans or S. aureus was present in 57 and 48 % of patients, respectively. Conclusion.-The present study shows abnormal reactivity to common mucosal microbial antigens in patients with CFS and/or FM. Activated T cells may produce cytokines such as gamma-interferon that can induce flu symptoms commonly observed in patients with CFS or FM. Interferon may explain such symptoms by induction of enzymes (indoleamine dioxygenase and nitric oxide synthase) which produces NMDA receptor's agonist such as quinolinic acid and peroxinitrite. Further studies are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.
La Revue de Médecine Interne, 2014
Annales de dermatologie et de vénéréologie, 1991
Transplantation proceedings, 1996
Revue des maladies respiratoires, 1994
Mastocytosis (MS) may be exclusively cutaneous or, more rarely, systemic. MS may be indolent (ben... more Mastocytosis (MS) may be exclusively cutaneous or, more rarely, systemic. MS may be indolent (benign), aggressive, leukaemic or associated with a myeloproliferative disorder. The clinical expression of MS may be secondary to the direct consequences of the development of mastocytes in tissue or correspond to the paroxysmal features related to the liberation of vasoactive and spasmogenic mediators by activated mastocytes. Dyspnoeic episodes are classical but the physiopathological mechanism is poorly documented. True asthma or bronchopulmonary mastocytosis seems rare. The authors report evidence of non-specific bronchial hyper-reactivity (HRB) to Carbachol in a patient effected with benign cutaneous mastocytosis with secondary elevation of the total serum IGE. Factors determining the HIB are discussed and appear primarily linked to the mastocytosis.
Revue de pneumologie clinique, 1989
Among 31 patients presenting with pulmonary sarcoidosis, two had abnormalities of their blood lym... more Among 31 patients presenting with pulmonary sarcoidosis, two had abnormalities of their blood lymphocyte karyotypes. The karyotype of the first patient showed an initially high percentage of non-specifically broken chromosomes. The second patient, who had been treated with azathioprine (AZ) one year previously, had an apparently balanced translocation 46 XX, t (11; 11) (p 12, p 14) in blood T lymphocytes but not in skin fibroblast culture. Various hypotheses can be discussed to explain this translocation: a direct toxic effect of AZ or a genomic abnormality depending upon sarcoidosis and possibly revealed by AZ. It is important to note that this translocation concerned a region of the short arm of chromosome 11, where Harvey ras I and parathormone genes have been located.
BMC Immunology, 2016
Background: Although Hizentra is indicated for immunoglobulin replacement therapy in patients wit... more Background: Although Hizentra is indicated for immunoglobulin replacement therapy in patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, phase III trials have focused on patients with primary immunodeficiencies. In this 9-month, real-life, prospective, non-interventional, longitudinal, multicenter study of patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiencies in France, treatment modalities (primary endpoint), efficacy, safety, tolerability, quality of life, and treatment satisfaction were evaluated using descriptive statistics. Results: Starting in January 2012, 117 patients were enrolled (99 adults, 18 children). Secondary immunodeficiencies were present in 48.7 % of patients. At follow-up, injections were administered every 7 days in 92.2 % of patients. Nine patients (7.8 %) were taking Hizentra every 10-14 days. The median dose of Hizentra administered was 0.1 g/kg/injection. Fifty-six patients were administered doses <0.1 g/kg/injection and 13 patients were administered doses >0.2 g/kg/ injection. Mean trough IgG titers were 9.0 ± 3.3 g/L (median 8.3 g/L). The mean yearly rate of infection was 1.2 ± 1.9. Mean scores on the Short Form-36 physical and mental component summaries were 46.3 ± 10.0 and 46.6 ± 9.3, respectively. Scores on the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication ranged from 69.9 ± 19.9 to 88.3 ± 21.2 depending on the domain. Treatment with Hizentra was well tolerated. No single drug-related systemic reaction occurred in more than one patient and few local reactions were reported (n = 5). Conclusions: Under real-life conditions and in a cohort that included patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, treatment with Hizentra was effective and well tolerated and patients were generally satisfied with the treatment.
International Journal for Parasitology, 1992
Cozos G., CANNELLA D., BIRON F., PIENS M.'A., JEANNIN M. and REVILLARD J.-P. 1992.
Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, 1991
Neutropenia is thought to be the main factor involved in infectious complications following antim... more Neutropenia is thought to be the main factor involved in infectious complications following antimitotic chemotherapy. Little is known on the effects of these therapies on the mucosal associated lymphoid system which is one of the main barriers against environmental pathogenic agents. The present study examined the effects of a single administration of Cy (200 mg/kg) on murine T and B cell populations of Peyer's patches (PPs),
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1994
Immune mechanisms that may control Cryptosporidium parvum infection remain unknown. The role of T... more Immune mechanisms that may control Cryptosporidium parvum infection remain unknown. The role of T cell-mediated immunity is suggested by the chronic disease observed in AIDS patients and in athymic or CD4+ T cell-depleted mice. The role of specific antibodies is also unclear. This study sought to determine serum and secretory antibodies to C. parvum in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with or without chronic cryptosporidiosis. C. parvum-specific antibodies and specific secretory antibodies were determined by ELISA in saliva and sera from 50 HIV-1-infected patients, 27 healthy adults, and 21 healthy children. Despite lower CD4+ lymphocyte counts, patients with chronic cryptosporidiosis had increased levels of C. parvum-specific antibodies in saliva and serum and higher specific secretory antibody levels in saliva than did controls. Persistence of protracted diarrhea despite high levels of both serum and secretory antibodies suggests that specific secretory antibodies are not sufficient to control this protozoan parasite infection of intestinal mucosa.
Journal of Clinical Immunology, 1992
Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 2004
Protection against Toxoplasma gondii in infected patients is mainly attributed to cellular immuni... more Protection against Toxoplasma gondii in infected patients is mainly attributed to cellular immunity. We here attempt to improve the characterization of the proteins that induce cellular immunity in naturally infected patients. Cellular immunity was evaluated by flow cytometry after 7 days of blood culture from 31 chronically T. gondii infected and 8 noninfected pregnant women, in the presence of soluble T. gondii antigen (ST-Ag) or fractionated proteins from ST-Ag, separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Blood cultures from infected patients with ST-Ag induced 39.5 +/- 12.7% of activated (CD25+) CD4+ T cells using flow cytometry. This contrasts with the absence of activated CD4+ T cells after either culture with PBS or in blood cultures from noninfected women. The protein fraction between 21 and 41.9 kD induced the highest response (14.7 +/- 10.0%). Blood samples from 20 infected and 5 uninfected women were cultured in presence of 12 protein subfractions of 2-208 kD. The highest frequencies of response among infected patients were seen with fractions (Fr) 26-31.9 kD (C.I. 85-100%) and Fr 32-36.9 kD (C.I. 77-100%). Although we note a good concordance between cellular and humoral response, Western blot analysis of ST-Ag does not completely predict the panel of proteins recognized by cellular immunity. Two-dimensional separation of the ST-Ag revealed more than 200 protein spots in these fractions. However, only two proteins in the 20-40 kD range induced a significant humoral response. Further studies are necessary to determine which proteins in the Fr 26-31.9 kD and 32-36.9 kD are superior immunogens for cellular responses.
Revue Française d'Allergologie et d'Immunologie Clinique, 2007
Les réactions d'allergie retardée aux pénicillines sont fréquentes et sont associées à la présenc... more Les réactions d'allergie retardée aux pénicillines sont fréquentes et sont associées à la présence de LT spécifiques du médicament dans le sang circulant. Le diagnostic de l'hypersensibilité retardée aux médicaments repose essentiellement sur la démonstration de la présence de ces LT dans la peau et le sang. Le diagnostic de l'allergie retardée se fondait jusqu'ici sur une analyse in vitro, de la prolifération cellulaire par le test de transformation lymphocytaire (LTT), basé sur la prolifération des PBMCs en réponse aux médicaments. Dans cette étude, nous avons analysé la fréquence des LT spécifiques d'amoxicilline chez 22 patients allergiques à l'amoxicilline par enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) IFN-g. Vingt sur 22 patients testés ont eu un nombre significatif des cellules T spécifiques d'amoxicilline sécrétrices d' IFN-g, aucune cellule spécifique n'a été mise en évidence chez les 46 sujets témoins. De plus, l'analyse des LT spécifiques du médicament chez un sujet allergique à la ticarcilline montre la présence de LT sécréteurs d'IFNg suite à la restimulation par la ticarcilline ainsi qu'à d'autres b-lactamines suggérant ainsi que l'ELISPOT IFN-g est capable de détecter les réactivités croisées entre différentes molécules chimiques. En conclusion, le TTL apparaît moins sensible que l'ELISPOT pour la détection des LT spécifiques d'amoxicilline ainsi que pour l'identification des réactivités croisées. Ces données montrent que l'ELISPOT IFNg est une nouvelle méthode qui permet d'améliorer le diagnostic de l'allergie aux b-lactames et peut aider au choix d'un traitement antibiotique alternatif. # 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits réservés.
Revue Française d'Allergologie et d'Immunologie Clinique, 2005
Introduction. -Les médicaments sont responsables d'effets secondaires qui peuvent être toxiques, ... more Introduction. -Les médicaments sont responsables d'effets secondaires qui peuvent être toxiques, pharmacologiques ou allergiques. Les accidents allergiques correspondent à des réactions d'hypersensibilité (HS) qui mettent en jeu : les anticorps (hypersensibilité immédiate) ou des lymphocytes T (LT) (hypersensibilité retardée (HSR). Cette étude est centrée sur le diagnostic d'HSR aux médicaments responsable de toxidermies érythémateuses.
Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses, 1997
... J. Laurence, T-cell subsets in health, infectious disease, and idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopeni... more ... J. Laurence, T-cell subsets in health, infectious disease, and idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia, Ann Intern Med 119 (1993), pp. ... DJ Martin, GJ Sim, GJ Sole, L. Rymer, S. Shalekoff, ABN VanNiekerk, P. Becker, CN Weibach, J. Iwanik, K. Keddy, GB Miller, B. Ozbay, A. Ryan, T ...
Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, 1990
Sheep infected by visna-maedi virus, a lentivirus related to the human immunodeficiency virus, de... more Sheep infected by visna-maedi virus, a lentivirus related to the human immunodeficiency virus, develop a chronic interstitial lung disease. Since monocyte/macrophages are known to be specifically infected by visna-maedi virus, we investigated the role of macrophages in the appearance of pulmonary lesions in animals with naturally occurring disease. Alveolitis in maedi leads to a doubling in bronchoalveolar lavage total cell counts and of macrophages as compared to normal sheep. A significant increase in the relative percentage of neutrophils was also observed, accompanied by an increased spontaneous release of neutrophil chemotactic activity by alveolar macrophages of diseased animals, suggesting that they may be activated. Macrophage activation is also demonstrated by the observation of a significant (X 3) increase of spontaneous fibronectin release by alveolar macrophages from maedi lungs, and furthermore by the high level expression of major histocompatibility complex class II antigens on most of these celfs. Thus viral infection, although restricted to a small population of macrophages, is able to modulate extensive activation of macrophages in the lung. Activated macrophages release mediators likely to play a role in the development of the alveolitis and the parenchymal desorganization. These findings may be relevant to our understanding of the mechanisms by which human immunodeficiency virus infection leads to pulmonary disease other than that caused by opportunistic infections. 0
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 2016
Background: IgG replacement therapy (IgRT) in primary immunodeficiencies (PID) is a lifelong trea... more Background: IgG replacement therapy (IgRT) in primary immunodeficiencies (PID) is a lifelong treatment which may be administered intravenously (IVIg) or subcutaneously (SCIg), at hospital or at home. The objective of the VISAGE study was to investigate if route and/or place for IgRT impact patients' satisfaction regarding IgRT and quality of life (QoL) in real-life conditions. Methods: The study enrolled PID patients at least 15 years old receiving IgRT for at least 3 months. Satisfaction and QoL were evaluated at enrollment and over a 12-month follow-up period by Life Quality Index (LQI) which measures 3 dimensions of satisfaction: treatment interference, therapy related problems and therapy settings (factors I, II and III) and SF-36 v2 questionnaire. Results: The study included 116 PID patients (mean age 42 ± 18 years, 44 % males, 58 % with scholar or professional occupation) receiving IgRT for a mean of 8.5 ± 8.4 years. At enrollment they were receiving either home-based SCIg (51 %), hospital-based IVIg (40 %) or home-based IVIg (9 %). Patients exhibited a high degree of satisfaction regarding IgRT whatever the route and place for administration. LQI factor I was higher for home-based SCIg (86 ± 2) than for hospital-based IVIg (81 ± 3) and home-based IVIg (73 ± 5; p = 0.02 versus home-based SCIg); no difference was found for LQI factor II; LQI factor III was higher for home-based SCIg (92 ± 2) than for hospital-based IVIg (87 ± 5) and hospital-based IVIg (82 ± 3; p = 0.005 versus home-based SCIg). By contrast, every dimension of QoL was impaired. Over the follow-up period, 10 patients switched from hospital-based IVIg to home-based SCIg and improved LQI factor I (p = 0.004) and factor III (p = 0.02), while no change was noticed in LQI factors II and QoL. Meanwhile, no change in satisfaction or QoL was found in patients with stable route of IgRT. When asked on their preferred place of treatment all but one patient with home-based treatment would choose to be treated at home and 29 % of patients treated at hospital would prefer home-based IgRT. Conclusion: PID patients expressed a high degree of satisfaction regarding IgRT, contrasting with impaired QoL. In real-life conditions awareness of patient's expectations regarding the route or place of IgRT may be associated with further improvement of satisfaction.
La Revue de Médecine Interne, 2016
Médecine & Longévité, 2011
Objectives.-Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and fibromyalgia (FM) are somatoform disorders of unkn... more Objectives.-Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and fibromyalgia (FM) are somatoform disorders of unknown aetiology. Even post-infectious onset of CFS is frequent, no specific microorganism is commonly found to explain theses disorders. Nevertheless, frequent mucosal symptoms as pharyngitis or irritable bowel syndrome in patients suggest a role of mucosal microorganisms to explain such disorders. Patients and methods.-Patients addressed for chronic fatigue or pain between January 2006 and June 2008 were included in this study. Patients were classified as CFS or FM according to international criteria. Intestinal symptoms, anxiety and depression were explored using questionnaires. T cell reactivity to microbial antigens (Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus) were analysed in flow cytometry after staining with monoclonal antibodies (anti-CD3, CD4 and CD69). Results.-Five hundred and five patients were included in this study. There was a positive correlation between minor criteria of CFS and the number of FM tender points. Severe depression and digestive symptoms were present in 27 and 92 % of patients, respectively. Abnormal reactivity to C. albicans or S. aureus was present in 57 and 48 % of patients, respectively. Conclusion.-The present study shows abnormal reactivity to common mucosal microbial antigens in patients with CFS and/or FM. Activated T cells may produce cytokines such as gamma-interferon that can induce flu symptoms commonly observed in patients with CFS or FM. Interferon may explain such symptoms by induction of enzymes (indoleamine dioxygenase and nitric oxide synthase) which produces NMDA receptor's agonist such as quinolinic acid and peroxinitrite. Further studies are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.
La Revue de Médecine Interne, 2014
Annales de dermatologie et de vénéréologie, 1991
Transplantation proceedings, 1996
Revue des maladies respiratoires, 1994
Mastocytosis (MS) may be exclusively cutaneous or, more rarely, systemic. MS may be indolent (ben... more Mastocytosis (MS) may be exclusively cutaneous or, more rarely, systemic. MS may be indolent (benign), aggressive, leukaemic or associated with a myeloproliferative disorder. The clinical expression of MS may be secondary to the direct consequences of the development of mastocytes in tissue or correspond to the paroxysmal features related to the liberation of vasoactive and spasmogenic mediators by activated mastocytes. Dyspnoeic episodes are classical but the physiopathological mechanism is poorly documented. True asthma or bronchopulmonary mastocytosis seems rare. The authors report evidence of non-specific bronchial hyper-reactivity (HRB) to Carbachol in a patient effected with benign cutaneous mastocytosis with secondary elevation of the total serum IGE. Factors determining the HIB are discussed and appear primarily linked to the mastocytosis.
Revue de pneumologie clinique, 1989
Among 31 patients presenting with pulmonary sarcoidosis, two had abnormalities of their blood lym... more Among 31 patients presenting with pulmonary sarcoidosis, two had abnormalities of their blood lymphocyte karyotypes. The karyotype of the first patient showed an initially high percentage of non-specifically broken chromosomes. The second patient, who had been treated with azathioprine (AZ) one year previously, had an apparently balanced translocation 46 XX, t (11; 11) (p 12, p 14) in blood T lymphocytes but not in skin fibroblast culture. Various hypotheses can be discussed to explain this translocation: a direct toxic effect of AZ or a genomic abnormality depending upon sarcoidosis and possibly revealed by AZ. It is important to note that this translocation concerned a region of the short arm of chromosome 11, where Harvey ras I and parathormone genes have been located.
BMC Immunology, 2016
Background: Although Hizentra is indicated for immunoglobulin replacement therapy in patients wit... more Background: Although Hizentra is indicated for immunoglobulin replacement therapy in patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, phase III trials have focused on patients with primary immunodeficiencies. In this 9-month, real-life, prospective, non-interventional, longitudinal, multicenter study of patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiencies in France, treatment modalities (primary endpoint), efficacy, safety, tolerability, quality of life, and treatment satisfaction were evaluated using descriptive statistics. Results: Starting in January 2012, 117 patients were enrolled (99 adults, 18 children). Secondary immunodeficiencies were present in 48.7 % of patients. At follow-up, injections were administered every 7 days in 92.2 % of patients. Nine patients (7.8 %) were taking Hizentra every 10-14 days. The median dose of Hizentra administered was 0.1 g/kg/injection. Fifty-six patients were administered doses <0.1 g/kg/injection and 13 patients were administered doses >0.2 g/kg/ injection. Mean trough IgG titers were 9.0 ± 3.3 g/L (median 8.3 g/L). The mean yearly rate of infection was 1.2 ± 1.9. Mean scores on the Short Form-36 physical and mental component summaries were 46.3 ± 10.0 and 46.6 ± 9.3, respectively. Scores on the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication ranged from 69.9 ± 19.9 to 88.3 ± 21.2 depending on the domain. Treatment with Hizentra was well tolerated. No single drug-related systemic reaction occurred in more than one patient and few local reactions were reported (n = 5). Conclusions: Under real-life conditions and in a cohort that included patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, treatment with Hizentra was effective and well tolerated and patients were generally satisfied with the treatment.
International Journal for Parasitology, 1992
Cozos G., CANNELLA D., BIRON F., PIENS M.'A., JEANNIN M. and REVILLARD J.-P. 1992.
Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, 1991
Neutropenia is thought to be the main factor involved in infectious complications following antim... more Neutropenia is thought to be the main factor involved in infectious complications following antimitotic chemotherapy. Little is known on the effects of these therapies on the mucosal associated lymphoid system which is one of the main barriers against environmental pathogenic agents. The present study examined the effects of a single administration of Cy (200 mg/kg) on murine T and B cell populations of Peyer's patches (PPs),
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1994
Immune mechanisms that may control Cryptosporidium parvum infection remain unknown. The role of T... more Immune mechanisms that may control Cryptosporidium parvum infection remain unknown. The role of T cell-mediated immunity is suggested by the chronic disease observed in AIDS patients and in athymic or CD4+ T cell-depleted mice. The role of specific antibodies is also unclear. This study sought to determine serum and secretory antibodies to C. parvum in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with or without chronic cryptosporidiosis. C. parvum-specific antibodies and specific secretory antibodies were determined by ELISA in saliva and sera from 50 HIV-1-infected patients, 27 healthy adults, and 21 healthy children. Despite lower CD4+ lymphocyte counts, patients with chronic cryptosporidiosis had increased levels of C. parvum-specific antibodies in saliva and serum and higher specific secretory antibody levels in saliva than did controls. Persistence of protracted diarrhea despite high levels of both serum and secretory antibodies suggests that specific secretory antibodies are not sufficient to control this protozoan parasite infection of intestinal mucosa.
Journal of Clinical Immunology, 1992
Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 2004
Protection against Toxoplasma gondii in infected patients is mainly attributed to cellular immuni... more Protection against Toxoplasma gondii in infected patients is mainly attributed to cellular immunity. We here attempt to improve the characterization of the proteins that induce cellular immunity in naturally infected patients. Cellular immunity was evaluated by flow cytometry after 7 days of blood culture from 31 chronically T. gondii infected and 8 noninfected pregnant women, in the presence of soluble T. gondii antigen (ST-Ag) or fractionated proteins from ST-Ag, separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Blood cultures from infected patients with ST-Ag induced 39.5 +/- 12.7% of activated (CD25+) CD4+ T cells using flow cytometry. This contrasts with the absence of activated CD4+ T cells after either culture with PBS or in blood cultures from noninfected women. The protein fraction between 21 and 41.9 kD induced the highest response (14.7 +/- 10.0%). Blood samples from 20 infected and 5 uninfected women were cultured in presence of 12 protein subfractions of 2-208 kD. The highest frequencies of response among infected patients were seen with fractions (Fr) 26-31.9 kD (C.I. 85-100%) and Fr 32-36.9 kD (C.I. 77-100%). Although we note a good concordance between cellular and humoral response, Western blot analysis of ST-Ag does not completely predict the panel of proteins recognized by cellular immunity. Two-dimensional separation of the ST-Ag revealed more than 200 protein spots in these fractions. However, only two proteins in the 20-40 kD range induced a significant humoral response. Further studies are necessary to determine which proteins in the Fr 26-31.9 kD and 32-36.9 kD are superior immunogens for cellular responses.
Revue Française d'Allergologie et d'Immunologie Clinique, 2007
Les réactions d'allergie retardée aux pénicillines sont fréquentes et sont associées à la présenc... more Les réactions d'allergie retardée aux pénicillines sont fréquentes et sont associées à la présence de LT spécifiques du médicament dans le sang circulant. Le diagnostic de l'hypersensibilité retardée aux médicaments repose essentiellement sur la démonstration de la présence de ces LT dans la peau et le sang. Le diagnostic de l'allergie retardée se fondait jusqu'ici sur une analyse in vitro, de la prolifération cellulaire par le test de transformation lymphocytaire (LTT), basé sur la prolifération des PBMCs en réponse aux médicaments. Dans cette étude, nous avons analysé la fréquence des LT spécifiques d'amoxicilline chez 22 patients allergiques à l'amoxicilline par enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) IFN-g. Vingt sur 22 patients testés ont eu un nombre significatif des cellules T spécifiques d'amoxicilline sécrétrices d' IFN-g, aucune cellule spécifique n'a été mise en évidence chez les 46 sujets témoins. De plus, l'analyse des LT spécifiques du médicament chez un sujet allergique à la ticarcilline montre la présence de LT sécréteurs d'IFNg suite à la restimulation par la ticarcilline ainsi qu'à d'autres b-lactamines suggérant ainsi que l'ELISPOT IFN-g est capable de détecter les réactivités croisées entre différentes molécules chimiques. En conclusion, le TTL apparaît moins sensible que l'ELISPOT pour la détection des LT spécifiques d'amoxicilline ainsi que pour l'identification des réactivités croisées. Ces données montrent que l'ELISPOT IFNg est une nouvelle méthode qui permet d'améliorer le diagnostic de l'allergie aux b-lactames et peut aider au choix d'un traitement antibiotique alternatif. # 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits réservés.
Revue Française d'Allergologie et d'Immunologie Clinique, 2005
Introduction. -Les médicaments sont responsables d'effets secondaires qui peuvent être toxiques, ... more Introduction. -Les médicaments sont responsables d'effets secondaires qui peuvent être toxiques, pharmacologiques ou allergiques. Les accidents allergiques correspondent à des réactions d'hypersensibilité (HS) qui mettent en jeu : les anticorps (hypersensibilité immédiate) ou des lymphocytes T (LT) (hypersensibilité retardée (HSR). Cette étude est centrée sur le diagnostic d'HSR aux médicaments responsable de toxidermies érythémateuses.
Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses, 1997
... J. Laurence, T-cell subsets in health, infectious disease, and idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopeni... more ... J. Laurence, T-cell subsets in health, infectious disease, and idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia, Ann Intern Med 119 (1993), pp. ... DJ Martin, GJ Sim, GJ Sole, L. Rymer, S. Shalekoff, ABN VanNiekerk, P. Becker, CN Weibach, J. Iwanik, K. Keddy, GB Miller, B. Ozbay, A. Ryan, T ...
Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, 1990
Sheep infected by visna-maedi virus, a lentivirus related to the human immunodeficiency virus, de... more Sheep infected by visna-maedi virus, a lentivirus related to the human immunodeficiency virus, develop a chronic interstitial lung disease. Since monocyte/macrophages are known to be specifically infected by visna-maedi virus, we investigated the role of macrophages in the appearance of pulmonary lesions in animals with naturally occurring disease. Alveolitis in maedi leads to a doubling in bronchoalveolar lavage total cell counts and of macrophages as compared to normal sheep. A significant increase in the relative percentage of neutrophils was also observed, accompanied by an increased spontaneous release of neutrophil chemotactic activity by alveolar macrophages of diseased animals, suggesting that they may be activated. Macrophage activation is also demonstrated by the observation of a significant (X 3) increase of spontaneous fibronectin release by alveolar macrophages from maedi lungs, and furthermore by the high level expression of major histocompatibility complex class II antigens on most of these celfs. Thus viral infection, although restricted to a small population of macrophages, is able to modulate extensive activation of macrophages in the lung. Activated macrophages release mediators likely to play a role in the development of the alveolitis and the parenchymal desorganization. These findings may be relevant to our understanding of the mechanisms by which human immunodeficiency virus infection leads to pulmonary disease other than that caused by opportunistic infections. 0