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Papers by G. Gerashchenkov
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited dysfunction of male generative sphere ... more Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited dysfunction of male generative sphere caused by degeneration of pollen grains and disturbed anther dehiscence. CMS arises as a result of remote hybridization that disturbs correct nuclear-mitochondrial interactions. In this review, we summarize experimental data on expression and inheritance of male fertility restoration in sorghum CMS types having large non-dehiscent anthers (9Е, A , А , М35-1А). We demonstrate that 3 4 additional irrigation at booting and flowering stages, high air relative humidity, and low air vapor pressure deficit are the main factors that affect male fertility restoration in F hybrids in these cytoplasms, perhaps, by up-regulating expression of fertility1 restoring genes. “Induced” fertility stably inherited by self-pollination for 12-15 generations and manifested in non-inductive conditions (in the dryland plots); it was transmitted through pollen in testcrosses with CMS lines, although expression of...
Biomics, 2021
The application of mini- and microsatellite polymorphisms of dog DNA, also referred to as VNTR- a... more The application of mini- and microsatellite polymorphisms of dog DNA, also referred to as VNTR- and STR-loci, respectively, in dog breeding and criminalistics is considered. Their use in dog breeding is shown to clarify pedigrees, establish paternity and purebred, as well as to differentiate breeds mainly in the form of microsatellite DNA polymorphism. In criminalistics, dogs can be both participants in crime scenes in the form of attacks on humans or pets, and some witnesses through whose DNA extracted from their fur or feces, by DNA identification of a particular dog, it may be help to get out to the perpetrator or at least to the crime scene, which is also a good help in its disclosure. At the same time, population studies of dogs, during which the prevalence of certain alleles of marker traits in the form of STR loci in different territories is established, contribute to making the right decisions. The databases on STR-polymorphism of dog DNA or their prototypes are briefly desc...
Biotehnologiâ i selekciâ rastenij, Feb 28, 2020
Прозрачность финансовой деятельности / The transparency of the fi nancial activities Авторы не им... more Прозрачность финансовой деятельности / The transparency of the fi nancial activities Авторы не имеют финансовой заинтересованности в представленных материалах или методах.
Agrokhimiya, Sep 27, 2013
Russian Journal of Genetics, 2010
Ethidium bromide treatment (15 mg/l, 26 degrees C, 18 h) of a sorghum Zheltozernoe 10 callus cult... more Ethidium bromide treatment (15 mg/l, 26 degrees C, 18 h) of a sorghum Zheltozernoe 10 callus culture yielded line Zh10-brl displaying multiple genetic instability. The line was characterized by a broad variety of mutations, which were identified in consecutive generations obtained from one initial regenerant via self-pollination. The mutation caused male sterility (male sterility, generation R1), a low plant height (dwarfness, R2), a reduced awn length (awnless, R3), yellow leaves in seedlings (xantha, R6), leaf variegation (leaf variegation, R6), leaf bleaching (virescence, R6), etc. In some cases, segregation in families suggested a monogenic recessive inheritance for the induced mutations. Male sterility was due to a range of defects that affected microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis and were probably caused by mutations of several genes. Leaf variegation was due to the appearance of green areas in originally albino seedling leaves; the reversion occurred only in somatic tissues without affecting male and female gametes. In male-sterile and variegated mutants, sequence-specific amplified polymorphism (SSAP) analysis with primers to the Isaak transposon revealed new DNA fragments, which were absent from the original line. The results supported the hypothesis that the mutations isolated in line Zh10-brl result from transposon mobilization induced by ethidium bromide and/or in vitro culture conditions.
Journal Genetika, 2000
Based on RAPD-PCR analysis with 15 primers including those homologous to particular loci, the lev... more Based on RAPD-PCR analysis with 15 primers including those homologous to particular loci, the level of genetic polymorphism in the collection of spring common wheat genotypes and their androclinal double haploid (ADH) lines was determined. Intraspecific polymorphism of the original wheat forms was 20%. By the absence of polymorphism in the molecular patterns of ADH lines and original forms, it was shown that, under the conditions used, no genetic changes in the genomic DNA of spring common wheat in anther culture occurred. Thus, the technology of direct in vitro androgenesis does not lead to genome rearrangements and may be used for rapid production of pure lines of such a complex allopolyploid as spring common wheat.
Genetika, 2015
Heritable phenotypic alterations occurring during plant ontogenesis under the influence of enviro... more Heritable phenotypic alterations occurring during plant ontogenesis under the influence of environmental factors are among the most intriguing genetic phenomena. It was found that male-sterile sorghum hybrids in the 9E cytoplasm from the F1 and F2 generations, which were obtained by crossing CMS lines with different fertile lines grown in field conditions, were transferred to greenhouse produce fertile tillers. Lines created by the self-pollination of revertant tillers exhibit complete male fertility upon cultivation under various environments (in the field, Tdry plot,(y) Tirrigated plot(y)). In a number of test-crosses of revertants to CMS lines in the 9E cytoplasm, restoration of male fertility in F1 hybrids was found, indicating that revertants possess functional fertility-restoring genes. A high positive correlation was found between the fertility level of the test-cross hybrids and the hydrothermal coefficient (the ratio of the sum of precipitation to the sum of temperatures) d...
Biomics
В 2020 году исполнилось 100 лет термину «геном», предложенному немецким ботаником Г.Винклером при... more В 2020 году исполнилось 100 лет термину «геном», предложенному немецким ботаником Г.Винклером при описании партеногенеза в растительном и животном царствах. Этимология данного слова неясна, но нам представляется, что Винклер использовал игру слов, соединив морфемы «ген», «сома» и получив “genosom” (нем.), после чего решил удалить один слог, что и привело к краткому и емкому слову «геном», объединяющему гены и составляющем для них нечто целое, что также совпало с окончаниями «–ом» отдельных биологических терминов, обозначающих некое множество (в данном случае для генома – генов). Первоначально под геномом подразумевался гаплоидный набор хромосом, и таким образом хромосомы служили элементарной единицей генома. Сейчас же с появлением возможности секвенировать полный геном его элементарной единицей стала пара нуклеотидов, но и хромосомы оказались задействованными, поскольку нуклеотидные последовательности распределяются в базах данных по хромосомам, когда такое по результатам полногеном...
Biomics
One of the effective approach to improve the nutritional value of sorghum grains is the productio... more One of the effective approach to improve the nutritional value of sorghum grains is the production of mutants with partially or completely blocked synthesis or the altered amino acid composition of spare proteins - kafirins. The usage of the genomic editing method allows to solve this problem by introducing mutations into the nucleotide sequences of the genes α- and γ-kafirins (k1C5 and gKAF1). Another important area in the genetics and selection of agricultural plants is the development and use of apomixis technologies to fix heterosis in F1 hybrids. The DYAD arabidopsis gene and its homolog ameiotic 1 are the potential apomixis candidate genes involved in the normal course of meiosis, the induction mutations in which is one of the way to solve this problem. In the course of research, the genomic targets (20 bp sequences) were selected to introduce mutations into the genes of α- and γ-kafirins of sorghum and ameiotic 1 gene through CRISPR/Cas genomic editing technology. Guide RNA d...
Izvestia Ufimskogo Nauchnogo Tsentra RAN (
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited dysfunction of male generative sphere ... more Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited dysfunction of male generative sphere caused by degeneration of pollen grains and disturbed anther dehiscence. CMS arises as a result of remote hybridization that disturbs correct nuclear-mitochondrial interactions. In this review, we summarize experimental data on expression and inheritance of male fertility restoration in sorghum CMS types having large non-dehiscent anthers (9Е, A , А , М35-1А). We demonstrate that 3 4 additional irrigation at booting and flowering stages, high air relative humidity, and low air vapor pressure deficit are the main factors that affect male fertility restoration in F hybrids in these cytoplasms, perhaps, by up-regulating expression of fertility1 restoring genes. “Induced” fertility stably inherited by self-pollination for 12-15 generations and manifested in non-inductive conditions (in the dryland plots); it was transmitted through pollen in testcrosses with CMS lines, although expression of...
Biomics, 2021
The application of mini- and microsatellite polymorphisms of dog DNA, also referred to as VNTR- a... more The application of mini- and microsatellite polymorphisms of dog DNA, also referred to as VNTR- and STR-loci, respectively, in dog breeding and criminalistics is considered. Their use in dog breeding is shown to clarify pedigrees, establish paternity and purebred, as well as to differentiate breeds mainly in the form of microsatellite DNA polymorphism. In criminalistics, dogs can be both participants in crime scenes in the form of attacks on humans or pets, and some witnesses through whose DNA extracted from their fur or feces, by DNA identification of a particular dog, it may be help to get out to the perpetrator or at least to the crime scene, which is also a good help in its disclosure. At the same time, population studies of dogs, during which the prevalence of certain alleles of marker traits in the form of STR loci in different territories is established, contribute to making the right decisions. The databases on STR-polymorphism of dog DNA or their prototypes are briefly desc...
Biotehnologiâ i selekciâ rastenij, Feb 28, 2020
Прозрачность финансовой деятельности / The transparency of the fi nancial activities Авторы не им... more Прозрачность финансовой деятельности / The transparency of the fi nancial activities Авторы не имеют финансовой заинтересованности в представленных материалах или методах.
Agrokhimiya, Sep 27, 2013
Russian Journal of Genetics, 2010
Ethidium bromide treatment (15 mg/l, 26 degrees C, 18 h) of a sorghum Zheltozernoe 10 callus cult... more Ethidium bromide treatment (15 mg/l, 26 degrees C, 18 h) of a sorghum Zheltozernoe 10 callus culture yielded line Zh10-brl displaying multiple genetic instability. The line was characterized by a broad variety of mutations, which were identified in consecutive generations obtained from one initial regenerant via self-pollination. The mutation caused male sterility (male sterility, generation R1), a low plant height (dwarfness, R2), a reduced awn length (awnless, R3), yellow leaves in seedlings (xantha, R6), leaf variegation (leaf variegation, R6), leaf bleaching (virescence, R6), etc. In some cases, segregation in families suggested a monogenic recessive inheritance for the induced mutations. Male sterility was due to a range of defects that affected microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis and were probably caused by mutations of several genes. Leaf variegation was due to the appearance of green areas in originally albino seedling leaves; the reversion occurred only in somatic tissues without affecting male and female gametes. In male-sterile and variegated mutants, sequence-specific amplified polymorphism (SSAP) analysis with primers to the Isaak transposon revealed new DNA fragments, which were absent from the original line. The results supported the hypothesis that the mutations isolated in line Zh10-brl result from transposon mobilization induced by ethidium bromide and/or in vitro culture conditions.
Journal Genetika, 2000
Based on RAPD-PCR analysis with 15 primers including those homologous to particular loci, the lev... more Based on RAPD-PCR analysis with 15 primers including those homologous to particular loci, the level of genetic polymorphism in the collection of spring common wheat genotypes and their androclinal double haploid (ADH) lines was determined. Intraspecific polymorphism of the original wheat forms was 20%. By the absence of polymorphism in the molecular patterns of ADH lines and original forms, it was shown that, under the conditions used, no genetic changes in the genomic DNA of spring common wheat in anther culture occurred. Thus, the technology of direct in vitro androgenesis does not lead to genome rearrangements and may be used for rapid production of pure lines of such a complex allopolyploid as spring common wheat.
Genetika, 2015
Heritable phenotypic alterations occurring during plant ontogenesis under the influence of enviro... more Heritable phenotypic alterations occurring during plant ontogenesis under the influence of environmental factors are among the most intriguing genetic phenomena. It was found that male-sterile sorghum hybrids in the 9E cytoplasm from the F1 and F2 generations, which were obtained by crossing CMS lines with different fertile lines grown in field conditions, were transferred to greenhouse produce fertile tillers. Lines created by the self-pollination of revertant tillers exhibit complete male fertility upon cultivation under various environments (in the field, Tdry plot,(y) Tirrigated plot(y)). In a number of test-crosses of revertants to CMS lines in the 9E cytoplasm, restoration of male fertility in F1 hybrids was found, indicating that revertants possess functional fertility-restoring genes. A high positive correlation was found between the fertility level of the test-cross hybrids and the hydrothermal coefficient (the ratio of the sum of precipitation to the sum of temperatures) d...
Biomics
В 2020 году исполнилось 100 лет термину «геном», предложенному немецким ботаником Г.Винклером при... more В 2020 году исполнилось 100 лет термину «геном», предложенному немецким ботаником Г.Винклером при описании партеногенеза в растительном и животном царствах. Этимология данного слова неясна, но нам представляется, что Винклер использовал игру слов, соединив морфемы «ген», «сома» и получив “genosom” (нем.), после чего решил удалить один слог, что и привело к краткому и емкому слову «геном», объединяющему гены и составляющем для них нечто целое, что также совпало с окончаниями «–ом» отдельных биологических терминов, обозначающих некое множество (в данном случае для генома – генов). Первоначально под геномом подразумевался гаплоидный набор хромосом, и таким образом хромосомы служили элементарной единицей генома. Сейчас же с появлением возможности секвенировать полный геном его элементарной единицей стала пара нуклеотидов, но и хромосомы оказались задействованными, поскольку нуклеотидные последовательности распределяются в базах данных по хромосомам, когда такое по результатам полногеном...
Biomics
One of the effective approach to improve the nutritional value of sorghum grains is the productio... more One of the effective approach to improve the nutritional value of sorghum grains is the production of mutants with partially or completely blocked synthesis or the altered amino acid composition of spare proteins - kafirins. The usage of the genomic editing method allows to solve this problem by introducing mutations into the nucleotide sequences of the genes α- and γ-kafirins (k1C5 and gKAF1). Another important area in the genetics and selection of agricultural plants is the development and use of apomixis technologies to fix heterosis in F1 hybrids. The DYAD arabidopsis gene and its homolog ameiotic 1 are the potential apomixis candidate genes involved in the normal course of meiosis, the induction mutations in which is one of the way to solve this problem. In the course of research, the genomic targets (20 bp sequences) were selected to introduce mutations into the genes of α- and γ-kafirins of sorghum and ameiotic 1 gene through CRISPR/Cas genomic editing technology. Guide RNA d...
Izvestia Ufimskogo Nauchnogo Tsentra RAN (