G. Kayastha - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by G. Kayastha

Wellcome Open Research, 2019

A 50 year old woman from Nepal had clinical features suggestive of meningitis. Cerebrospinal flui... more A 50 year old woman from Nepal had clinical features suggestive of meningitis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was normal except for the presence of cryptococcal antigen. The inclusion of test for Cryptococcus in the CSF helped in making the diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis in our patient who was apparently immunocompetent. Treatment with liposomal amphotericin B could not be started on time due to financial constraints. The patient had a stroke and further deteriorated. Liposomal amphotericin B is stocked by the government of Nepal for free supply to patients with visceral leishmaniasis, but the policy does not allow the drug to be dispensed for other infections. The family members of our patient acquired the drug within a few days from a government center using their political connections and following administering the treatment the patient improved. This case demonstrates the utility of considering cryptococcal meningitis as a differential diagnosis, and including tests f...

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2021

Epidemiology, ventilator management, and outcome in patients receiving invasive ventilation in in... more Epidemiology, ventilator management, and outcome in patients receiving invasive ventilation in intensive care units (ICUs) in middle-income countries are largely unknown. PRactice of VENTilation in Middle-income Countries is an international multicenter 4-week observational study of invasively ventilated adult patients in 54 ICUs from 10 Asian countries conducted in 2017/18. Study outcomes included major ventilator settings (including tidal volume [V T ] and positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP]); the proportion of patients at risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), according to the lung injury prediction score (LIPS), or with ARDS; the incidence of pulmonary complications; and ICU mortality. In 1,315 patients included, median V T was similar in patients with LIPS < 4 and patients with LIPS ³ 4, but lower in patients with ARDS (7.

British journal of haematology, Jun 3, 2017

Philadelphia chromosome/BCR-ABL1 positive chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) can be successfully tre... more Philadelphia chromosome/BCR-ABL1 positive chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) can be successfully treated with Glivec (Imatinib), which is available free of cost through the Glivec International Patient Assistance programme (GIPAP) to patients with proven CML without means to pay for the drug. We review the acquired mutations in the tyrosine kinase encoded by the BCR-ABL1 gene underlying Glivec failure or resistance in a cohort of 388 imatinib-treated CML patients (149 Female and 239 male) registered between February 2003 and June 2016 in Nepal. Forty-five patients (11 female 34 male) were studied; 18 different BCR-ABL1 mutations were seen in 33 patients. P-loop mutation, Kinase domain and A-loop mutations were seen in 9, 16 and 4 patients respectively. Other mutations were seen in five patients. A T315I mutation was the most common mutation, followed by F359V and M244V. Sixteen mutations showed intermediate activity to complete resistance to Glivec. Among the 45 patients evaluated for ...

Wellcome Open Research

JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association, 2005

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare hemolytic disorder of acquired origin and is ... more Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare hemolytic disorder of acquired origin and is clinically manifested by chronic hemolysis, thromboses in various sites, and bone marrow failure. The disease is so rare that the delay in the diagnosis is not uncommon and this bears a tremendous impact on patient management. We present this case to draw attention to this uncommon cause of hemolytic anemia, which should be considered in any patient, of any age, who has signs of chronic hemolysis.

Herpes zoster, a sequel of the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus, usually presents with ... more Herpes zoster, a sequel of the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus, usually presents with cutaneous eruptions associated with intense pain and burning sensation in the affected dermatomes. Motor weakness, however, can sometimes complicate herpes zoster. In this report we present a case that had diaphragmatic motor weakness as a sequel of herpes zoster lesions in the neck.

BMC Blood Disorders, 2010

BACKGROUND: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is caused by the abnormal fusion protein BCR-ABL1, a c... more BACKGROUND: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is caused by the abnormal fusion protein BCR-ABL1, a constitutively active tyrosine kinase and product of the Philadelphia chromosome. Gleevec (Imatinib mesylate) is a selective inhibitor of this kinase. Treatment with this agent is known to result in hematologic, cytogenetic, and molecular responses. Patan hospital (Patan, Nepal) is one of the Gleevec International Patient Assistance

BMJ open, Apr 28, 2018

Current evidence on epidemiology and outcomes of invasively mechanically ventilated intensive car... more Current evidence on epidemiology and outcomes of invasively mechanically ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients is predominantly gathered in resource-rich settings. Patient casemix and patterns of critical illnesses, and probably also ventilation practices are likely to be different in resource-limited settings. We aim to investigate the epidemiological characteristics, ventilation practices and clinical outcomes of patients receiving mechanical ventilation in ICUs in Asia. PRoVENT-iMIC (study of PRactice of VENTilation in Middle-Income Countries) is an international multicentre observational study to be undertaken in approximately 60 ICUs in 11 Asian countries. Consecutive patients aged 18 years or older who are receiving invasive ventilation in participating ICUs during a predefined 28-day period are to be enrolled, with a daily follow-up of 7 days. The primary outcome is ventilatory management (including tidal volume expressed as mL/kg predicted body weight and positive en...

BMJ Case Reports

A 17-year-old young woman presented to Patan Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal, with high-grade fever an... more A 17-year-old young woman presented to Patan Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal, with high-grade fever and headache for 4 days and non-projectile vomiting for 1 day. She also had blurred vision with dizziness on and off. There was no abnormal physical finding. Enteric fever was suspected, and she was empirically started on azithromycin (20 mg/kg) for 7 days. She became afebrile after 2 days and was followed up in 7 days with diplopia since 5 days. At this time, the blood culture was positive for Salmonella serovar typhi. On examination, there was isolated left lateral rectus palsy which accounted for her diplopia. Methylprednisolone (1 mg/kg) was prescribed which was tapered over 1 month and gradually her diplopia subsided. We hypothesise that vasculitic change in the blood vessel supplying the left abducens nerve could be causing the diplopia.

British journal of haematology, Jun 29, 2017

The Glivec International Patient Assistance Programme makes Glivec (Imatinib mesylate) available ... more The Glivec International Patient Assistance Programme makes Glivec (Imatinib mesylate) available to Philadelphia chromosome/BCR-ABL1 positive patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) in Lower and Middle Income Countries (LMIC). We have established a large cohort of 211 CML patients who are eligible for Imatinib, in Kathmandu, Nepal. Thirty-one patients were lost to follow-up. We report on 180 CML patients with a median age of 38 years (range 9-81). Of these 180 patients, 162 underwent cytogenetic testing and 110 were investigated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. One hundred and thirty-nine of the 180 patients (77·2%) had at least one optimal response. Taken together, our cohort has a 95% overall survival rate and 78% of the patients were still taking Glivec at a median time of 48·8 months (range 3-140 months). The number of patients who actually failed therapy, as defined by the LeukaemiaNet 2013 criteria, was 39 (21·7%). While our cohort has some differences...

Background: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is caused by the abnormal fusion protein BCR-ABL1, a c... more Background: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is caused by the abnormal fusion protein BCR-ABL1, a constitutively active tyrosine kinase and product of the Philadelphia chromosome. Gleevec (Imatinib mesylate) is a selective inhibitor of this kinase. Treatment with this agent is known to result in hematologic, cytogenetic, and molecular responses. Patan hospital (Patan, Nepal) is one of the Gleevec International Patient Assistance Program (GIPAP) centers for patients with CML. Methods: A total of 106 Philadelphia positive CML patients were enrolled in our center between Feb 2003 and Jun 2008, and 103 of them were eligible for cytogenetic and/or hematologic response analyses.

Kathmandu University medical journal (KUMJ)

Archives of Internal Medicine, 1983

BMJ quality improvement reports, 2016

Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is associated with high morbidity and mortality in low income ... more Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is associated with high morbidity and mortality in low income countries. In Nepal, there is a high lung disease burden and incidence of pneumonia due to multiple factors including indoor air pollution, dust exposure, recurrent infections, and cigarette smoking. Despite the ready availability of effective pneumococcal vaccines (PNV), vaccine coverage rates remain suboptimal globally. Quality Improvement (QI) principles could be applied to improve compliance, but it is a virtually new technology in Nepal. This QI study for Patan Hospital sought to introduce the concept of QI there, to measure the baseline pneumococcal vaccination rate of qualifying adult patients discharged from the medical wards and to assess reasons for non-vaccination. QI interventions were instituted to improve this rate, measuring the effectiveness of QI methods to produce the desired outcomes using the Model for Improvement, Plan-Do-Study-Change (PDSA) methodology. In the three...