Gabriel Pérez-Salas - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Gabriel Pérez-Salas
Supply chain security is a central issue for the competitiveness of Latin American economies that... more Supply chain security is a central issue for the competitiveness of Latin American economies that goes beyond the prevention of terrorist acts or drug trafficking itself. Interruption of a logistics chain, either by criminal acts, lack of stock of supplies or for any event that hinders the distribution of supplies or products, not only leads to economic losses by that failure in particular, but that also has a ripple effect to the rest of the chain, affecting ultimately, national competitiveness and the implementation of value added chains or multimodal transport systems at regional level. This study provides quantitative elements about the seriousness of the problem in Latin America, in which are located two of the three riskiest countries in the world in terms of attacks to freight logistics chains. The document uses information gathered through interviews with authorities and relevant actors of the logistics sector and insurance of Latin America, as well as the use of some global...
Foreign trade barriers and duties have been significantly reduced by multilateral agreements and ... more Foreign trade barriers and duties have been significantly reduced by multilateral agreements and integration mechanisms among nations. Hence, logistic costs represent a significant proportion of the final price of the items that is currently even more important than average duties and tariffs paid. For this reason, minimizing logistic costs is an important challenge for the nations in order to enhance competiveness of foreign trade. There are different strategies that have been employed at a macro and micro level to measure logistics costs. In this article we propose a holistic approach for estimating international logistics costs that incorporates into the analysis, both endogenous and exogenous variables that determine logistic costs, including public institutions as they have an important impact on total logistic costs. Previous issues have not been considered in the literature and the methodology proposed contributes to the literature by addressing this gap. As a case study, the...
DYNA, 2015
Foreign trade barriers and duties have been significantly reduced by multilateral agreements and ... more Foreign trade barriers and duties have been significantly reduced by multilateral agreements and integration mechanisms among nations. Logistics costs represent a significant proportion of the final price of the items, especially of the commodities. For this reason, minimizing logistics costs is an important challenge for nations in order to enhance competiveness of foreign trade and in particular to take advantage of natural resources rents. In this article, we propose a holistic framework for estimating logistics costs, focused on determining over costs that result from inefficient procedures and a lack of adequate public policies and regulations of the public entities. These issues have not been considered in the literature, and this article fills this gap. As a case study, we present the application of the framework to estimate over costs in some natural resources logistics chains of Bolivia. A discussion of the results found is presented together with recommendations for further research.
Journal of Transport Geography, 2014
ABSTRACT The explosion of global container trade in the last two decades has significantly influe... more ABSTRACT The explosion of global container trade in the last two decades has significantly influenced the port geography of Latin America & the Caribbean (LAC), leading to a concentration of container traffic at selected ports. Theory suggests that, as port systems become mature, they tend to deconcentration, partly due to the emergence of secondary ports. Previous research has examined the region’s dominant ports, but an unanswered research question is how the evolution of this port system is influencing and being influenced by the actions of those ports currently occupying a secondary rank in the LAC port hierarchy. The methodology is based primarily on analysis of time series data on container movements between 1997 and 2012, revealing patterns of cargo flows and transhipment location choices. The institutional context of devolution processes and new investments in the region provides additional insight into the performance of selected ports. From a theoretical perspective, this analysis is situated within the context of recent institutional approaches that examine the port’s ability to act through critical moments and junctures, in order to deepen understanding of which of the various factors influencing port system deconcentration are the most sensitive to successful institutional adaptations. Results show that the manufacturing of strategic locations can be successful and may have driven the emergence of secondary ports in the LAC system. This finding demonstrates how path dependence can be challenged by new developments, the identification and success of which are nevertheless contingent on factors such as the first mover advantage, port planning regimes and diversification of port roles. The paper identifies some of the key factors influencing the transition of a port system from concentration at a few dominant ports to a deconcentrated system of primary and secondary ports, which can be applied to other port systems in future research.
This FAL Bulletin demonstrates the evolution of maritime networks and port development at primary... more This FAL Bulletin demonstrates the evolution of maritime networks and port development at primary and secondary ports in Latin America and the Caribbean. An analysis of time series data on container movements between 1997 and 2013 reveals patterns of cargo flows and transhipment location choices. The institutional context of devolution processes and new investments in the region provide additional insight into the performance of selected ports.
Supply chain security is a central issue for the competitiveness of Latin American economies that... more Supply chain security is a central issue for the competitiveness of Latin American economies that goes beyond the prevention of terrorist acts or drug trafficking itself. Interruption of a logistics chain, either by criminal acts, lack of stock of supplies or for any event that hinders the distribution of supplies or products, not only leads to economic losses by that failure in particular, but that also has a ripple effect to the rest of the chain, affecting ultimately, national competitiveness and the implementation of value added chains or multimodal transport systems at regional level. This study provides quantitative elements about the seriousness of the problem in Latin America, in which are located two of the three riskiest countries in the world in terms of attacks to freight logistics chains. The document uses information gathered through interviews with authorities and relevant actors of the logistics sector and insurance of Latin America, as well as the use of some global...
Foreign trade barriers and duties have been significantly reduced by multilateral agreements and ... more Foreign trade barriers and duties have been significantly reduced by multilateral agreements and integration mechanisms among nations. Hence, logistic costs represent a significant proportion of the final price of the items that is currently even more important than average duties and tariffs paid. For this reason, minimizing logistic costs is an important challenge for the nations in order to enhance competiveness of foreign trade. There are different strategies that have been employed at a macro and micro level to measure logistics costs. In this article we propose a holistic approach for estimating international logistics costs that incorporates into the analysis, both endogenous and exogenous variables that determine logistic costs, including public institutions as they have an important impact on total logistic costs. Previous issues have not been considered in the literature and the methodology proposed contributes to the literature by addressing this gap. As a case study, the...
DYNA, 2015
Foreign trade barriers and duties have been significantly reduced by multilateral agreements and ... more Foreign trade barriers and duties have been significantly reduced by multilateral agreements and integration mechanisms among nations. Logistics costs represent a significant proportion of the final price of the items, especially of the commodities. For this reason, minimizing logistics costs is an important challenge for nations in order to enhance competiveness of foreign trade and in particular to take advantage of natural resources rents. In this article, we propose a holistic framework for estimating logistics costs, focused on determining over costs that result from inefficient procedures and a lack of adequate public policies and regulations of the public entities. These issues have not been considered in the literature, and this article fills this gap. As a case study, we present the application of the framework to estimate over costs in some natural resources logistics chains of Bolivia. A discussion of the results found is presented together with recommendations for further research.
Journal of Transport Geography, 2014
ABSTRACT The explosion of global container trade in the last two decades has significantly influe... more ABSTRACT The explosion of global container trade in the last two decades has significantly influenced the port geography of Latin America & the Caribbean (LAC), leading to a concentration of container traffic at selected ports. Theory suggests that, as port systems become mature, they tend to deconcentration, partly due to the emergence of secondary ports. Previous research has examined the region’s dominant ports, but an unanswered research question is how the evolution of this port system is influencing and being influenced by the actions of those ports currently occupying a secondary rank in the LAC port hierarchy. The methodology is based primarily on analysis of time series data on container movements between 1997 and 2012, revealing patterns of cargo flows and transhipment location choices. The institutional context of devolution processes and new investments in the region provides additional insight into the performance of selected ports. From a theoretical perspective, this analysis is situated within the context of recent institutional approaches that examine the port’s ability to act through critical moments and junctures, in order to deepen understanding of which of the various factors influencing port system deconcentration are the most sensitive to successful institutional adaptations. Results show that the manufacturing of strategic locations can be successful and may have driven the emergence of secondary ports in the LAC system. This finding demonstrates how path dependence can be challenged by new developments, the identification and success of which are nevertheless contingent on factors such as the first mover advantage, port planning regimes and diversification of port roles. The paper identifies some of the key factors influencing the transition of a port system from concentration at a few dominant ports to a deconcentrated system of primary and secondary ports, which can be applied to other port systems in future research.
This FAL Bulletin demonstrates the evolution of maritime networks and port development at primary... more This FAL Bulletin demonstrates the evolution of maritime networks and port development at primary and secondary ports in Latin America and the Caribbean. An analysis of time series data on container movements between 1997 and 2013 reveals patterns of cargo flows and transhipment location choices. The institutional context of devolution processes and new investments in the region provide additional insight into the performance of selected ports.