Gabriela Junqueira Calazans - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Gabriela Junqueira Calazans

Research paper thumbnail of AIDS- and sexuality-related stigmas underlying the use of post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV in Brazil: findings from a multicentric study

Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters, 2019

AIDS-related stigma is a major hurdle to care and it hinders people from accessing HIV prevention... more AIDS-related stigma is a major hurdle to care and it hinders people from accessing HIV prevention methods, such as post-exposure prophylaxis. This study was designed to explore how AIDS-related stigma impacts the experience of using non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) for HIV after sexual contact. Data were gathered in in-depth interviews with 59 people who voluntarily sought out nPEP in five public healthcare facilities in Brazil between 2015 and 2016. Data were analysed into three thematic categories: fear of being mistaken for a person living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA); desire to hide particular features of one's sexual life; and experiences of stigmatising behaviour due to nPEP use. Based on the Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework, predominant manifestations of AIDS-related stigma in each category were analysed, as well as their intersections with gender-and sexuality-related stigmas. Results show that experiences of using nPEP are permeated by AIDS-related stigma, intersecting with sexuality-and genderrelated stigmas. Stigma experiences are mainly perceived, anticipated and internalised; stigma practices include prejudice and stigmatising behaviours. Taking antiretrovirals (ARVs) led participants to the fear of being discriminated against as a PLWHA and having particular features of their sexual identities disclosed. Thus, hiding nPEP was strategic to protect from stigmatising behaviour. As ARV-based prevention technologies are scaled-up, interventions designed to tackle AIDS-and sexuality-related stigmas must be expanded in Brazil. Required interventions include public campaigns about nPEP, educational programmes in healthcare settings to offer adequate support to nPEP users and investments in stigma research and monitoring.

Research paper thumbnail of Specificity and 6-Month Durability of Immune Responses Induced by DNA and Recombinant Modified Vaccinia Ankara Vaccines Expressing HIV-1 Virus-Like Particles

Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2014

and 15 Asociacion Civil IMPACTA Salud y Educacion, Lima, Peru

Research paper thumbnail of O conceito de vulnerabilidade e as práticas de saúde: novas perspectivas e desafios

Research paper thumbnail of Mudanças no âmbito da testagem anti-HIV no Brasil entre 1998 e 2005

Rev Saude Publ, 2008

Changes in HIV testing in Brazil between 1998 and 2005 RESUMO OBJETIVO: Analisar mudanças na real... more Changes in HIV testing in Brazil between 1998 and 2005 RESUMO OBJETIVO: Analisar mudanças na realização de teste anti-HIV, as razões alegadas entre as pessoas que foram ou não testadas e o recebimento de aconselhamento.

Research paper thumbnail of Adolescência, vulnerabilidade e sexualidade

Prevencao As Dst Aids, 2007

Research paper thumbnail of Vulnerabilidade e prevencao em tempos de Aids

Research paper thumbnail of Prevenção das DST/AIDS em Adolescentes e Jovens: brochuras de referência para os profissionais de saúde

Prevencao As Dst Aids, 2007

Base de dados : ADOLEC. Pesquisa : 474365 [Identificador único]. Referências encontradas : 1 [ref... more Base de dados : ADOLEC. Pesquisa : 474365 [Identificador único]. Referências encontradas : 1 [refinar]. Mostrando: 1 .. 1 no formato [Detalhado]. página 1 de 1, 1 / 1, ADOLEC, seleciona. para imprimir. Id: 474365. Autor: Araujo, Teo Weingrill(org); Calazans, Gabriela(org). ...

Research paper thumbnail of Idade e uso de preservativo na iniciação sexual de adolescentes brasileiros

Rev Saude Publ, 2008

OBJECTIVE: To analyze age and condom use at fi rst sexual intercourse among Brazilian adolescents... more OBJECTIVE: To analyze age and condom use at fi rst sexual intercourse among Brazilian adolescents at two periods: 1998 and 2005. METHODS: Representative samples of the Brazilian urban population were interviewed during a household survey for two studies, carried out in 1998 and 2005. Interviewees included 670 sexually active young people (aged 16 to 19) who were selected for the study, 312 in 1998 and 358 in 2005. Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test (α<5%) were used to analyze the weighted data.

Research paper thumbnail of Factors associated with condom use among youth aged 15�24 years in Brazil in 2003

Aids, 2005

To analyse factors associated with the lack of condom use among young people at last sexual inter... more To analyse factors associated with the lack of condom use among young people at last sexual intercourse with a steady or casual partner. A cross-sectional study involving 1170 household interviews and designed to build a representative sample of the population of young Brazilian residents aged 15-24 years (2003). In the multivariate analysis of data, non-conditional logistic regression modelling was applied to assess the determinants of condom use at last sexual intercourse among young people with steady or casual partners. The overall level of condom use at last sexual intercourse was high (60%), although it was significantly more common in casual sexual partnership. Cohabitation was associated with a lack of condom use in both casual and steady partner encounters. In addition, being female, having less schooling, having no work history, and per capita family income above the minimum wage were factors related to not using condoms in the group of young people who had their last sexual encounter with steady partners. Among young people with casual partners, such factors included a positive history of alcohol use, first sex at 9-16 years of age, inadequate knowledge of AIDS treatability and bereavement related to violence. This study confirmed that the determinants of condom use among youth during last sexual intercourse vary according to whether the partner was casual or steady. Prevention campaigns should develop specific messages for each of these contexts.

Research paper thumbnail of Subsidios legais para o atendimento de adolescentes nos serviços de saúde

Prevencao As Dst Aids, 2007

Base de dados : LILACS. Pesquisa : 474367 [Identificador único]. Referências encontradas : 1 [ref... more Base de dados : LILACS. Pesquisa : 474367 [Identificador único]. Referências encontradas : 1 [refinar]. Mostrando: 1 .. 1 no formato [Detalhado]. página 1 de 1, 1 / 1, LILACS, seleciona. para imprimir. Fotocópia. experimental, Documentos relacionados. Id: 474367. ...

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of prevention methods on reducing sexual risk for HIV and their potential impact on a large-scale: a literature review

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, 2015

ABSTRACTA spectrum of diverse prevention methods that offer high protection against HIV has posed... more ABSTRACTA spectrum of diverse prevention methods that offer high protection against HIV has posed the following challenge: how can national AIDS policies with high coverage for prevention and treatment make the best use of new methods so as to reverse the current high, and even rising, incidence rates among specific social groups? We conducted a narrative review of the literature to examine the prevention methods and the structural interventions that can have a higher impact on incidence rates in the context of socially and geographically concentrated epidemics. Evidence on the protective effect of the methods against sexual exposure to HIV, as well as their limits and potential, is discussed. The availability and effectiveness of prevention methods have been hindered by structural and psychosocial barriers such as obstacles to adherence, inconsistent use over time, or only when individuals perceive themselves at higher risk. The most affected individuals and social groups have pres...

Research paper thumbnail of Revisiting the use of condoms in Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction:It is known that a single prevention strategy is not enough to control multi... more ABSTRACTIntroduction:It is known that a single prevention strategy is not enough to control multiple HIV epidemics around the world and in Brazil. However, it is not only necessary to recognize the importance of condoms as part of the policy of HIV/AIDS prevention but also discuss its limits. In this article, we aim to investigate the use of condoms in Brazil, draw critical reflections, and understand how they can once again be highlighted in Brazil's prevention strategy going forward.Methods:A narrative review of literature was conducted using keywords in PubMed. Reports from national surveys that guide the epidemiological and behavioral surveillance of the Brazilian Ministry of Health were also included.Results:A total of 40 articles and 3 reports were included in the review and 11 intervention studies to promote the condom use; the main findings were as follows: 1) Despite the increase in national studies on sexual behavior, little attention is given to the role of condom use...

Research paper thumbnail of Pre-exposure and postexposure prophylaxes and the combination HIV prevention methods (The Combine! Study): protocol for a pragmatic clinical trial at public healthcare clinics in Brazil

BMJ Open, 2015

Few results from programmes based on combination prevention methods are available. We propose to ... more Few results from programmes based on combination prevention methods are available. We propose to analyse the degree of protection provided by postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) for consensual sexual activity at healthcare clinics, its compensatory effects on sexual behaviour; and the effectiveness of combination prevention methods and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), compared with exclusively using traditional methods. A total of 3200 individuals aged 16 years or older presenting for PEP at 5 sexually transmitted disease (STD)/HIV clinics in 3 regions of Brazil will be allocated to one of two groups: the PEP group-individuals who come to the clinic within 72 h after a sexual exposure and start PEP; and the non-PEP group-individuals who come after 72 h but within 30 days of exposure and do not start PEP. Clinical follow-up will be conducted initially for 6 months and comprise educational interventions based on information and counselling for using prevention methods, including PrEP. In the second study phase, individuals who remain HIV negative will be regrouped according to the reported use of prevention methods and observed for 18 months: only traditional methods; combined methods; and PrEP. Effectiveness will be analysed according to the incidence of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B and C and protected sexual behaviour. A structured questionnaire will be administered to participants at baseline and every 6 months thereafter. Qualitative methods will be employed to provide a comprehensive understanding of PEP-seeking behaviour, preventive choices and exposure to HIV. This study will be conducted in accordance with the resolution of the School of Medicine Research Ethics Commission of Universidade de São Paulo (protocol no. 251/14). The databases will be available for specific studies, after management committee approval. Findings will be presented to researchers, health managers and civil society members by means of newspapers, electronic media and scientific journals and meetings.

Research paper thumbnail of Mudanças no âmbito da testagem anti-HIV no Brasil entre 1998 e 2005

Revista de Saúde Pública, 2008

OBJETIVO: Analisar mudanças na realização de teste anti-HIV, as razões alegadas entre as pessoas ... more OBJETIVO: Analisar mudanças na realização de teste anti-HIV, as razões alegadas entre as pessoas que foram ou não testadas e o recebimento de aconselhamento. MÉTODOS: Estudos transversais conduzidos com homens e mulheres de 16 a 65 anos, com amostras representativas do Brasil urbano em 1998 (n=3.600) e 2005 (n=5.040). Características sociodemográficas, sexuais, reprodutivas e de experiências de vida e saúde foram consideradas na análise. A avaliação das possíveis diferenças nas distribuições das variáveis baseou-se nos testes qui-quadrado de Pearson e F design-based (±<5%). RESULTADOS: Em 1998, 20,2% dos entrevistados haviam realizado o teste e 33,6% em 2005. Foram testadas 60% das mulheres na faixa 25-34 anos, mas as que iniciaram a vida sexual antes dos 16 anos e reportaram quatro ou mais parceiros sexuais nos cinco anos anteriores à entrevista foram menos testadas. Não se observou aumento significativo da testagem entre homens, exceto para os de 55-65 anos, renda per capita en...

Research paper thumbnail of Condom use in Brazil: An overview of the academic production on HIV/AIDS prevention (2007-2011)

Temas em Psicologia, 2013

Since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic, condoms have been the main preventive strategy of the B... more Since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic, condoms have been the main preventive strategy of the Brazilian policies. This study presents a refl ective essay on the academic production on condom use as a method for HIV/AIDS prevention in Brazil, based on papers published in scientifi c journals between 2007 and 2011 and indexed in the Virtual Health Librar y. It outlines an overview of these studies and their results and conclusions. Despite the diversity of the production analyzed, it was found that the studies concentrated on young people, with great attention given to gender issues. From combined analysis on the goals and the theoretical and methodological frameworks of the articles, six areas of production of knowledge on the subject were identifi ed: epidemiological studies; studies on knowledge and behavior; studies on specifi c contexts; studies on senses and meanings; studies on activities; and review studies. The literature analyzed is presented in a diffuse manner so as it interlocks approaches and directions, which requires an epistemological and methodological maturity of the frameworks used.

Research paper thumbnail of Idade e uso de preservativo na iniciação sexual de adolescentes brasileiros

Revista de Saúde Pública, 2008

OBJETIVO: Analisar a idade e o uso do preservativo na iniciação sexual de adolescentes brasileiro... more OBJETIVO: Analisar a idade e o uso do preservativo na iniciação sexual de adolescentes brasileiros em dois períodos: 1998 e 2005. MÉTODOS: Amostras representativas da população urbana brasileira foram entrevistadas em inquérito domiciliar por duas pesquisas, realizadas em 1998 e 2005. Dentre os entrevistados, 670 jovens (16 a 19 anos) sexualmente ativos foram selecionados para o estudo, 312 de 1998 e 358 de 2005. Para análise dos dados ponderados foram utilizados o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson e o teste exato de Fisher (±<5%). RESULTADOS: Em 2005, 61,6% dos jovens entrevistados tinham iniciado-se sexualmente, cuja idade média foi 14,9 anos, sem diferenças significativas para os jovens entrevistados em 1998. O uso de preservativo na primeira relação sexual aumentou significativamente em relações estáveis (48,5% em 1998 vs. 67,7% em 2005) e casuais (47,2% em 1998 vs. 62,6% em 2005) em quase todos os segmentos. Persistiram as diferenças relacionadas à iniciação sexual e ao uso de p...

Research paper thumbnail of Plantões jovens: acolhimento e cuidado por meio da educação entre pares para adolescentes e jovens nos Centros de Testagem e Aconselhamento - CTA

Research paper thumbnail of Uso de preservativo en Brasil: Una mirada a la producción académica sobre la prevención de VIH/SIDA (2007-2011)

Temas em Psicologia, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Willingness to participate in vaccine trials among MSM in São Paulo, Brazil

Research paper thumbnail of Participating in Biomedical Research

JAMA, 2009

To the Editor: In their Special Communication, Mr Schaefer and colleagues1 provided a provocative... more To the Editor: In their Special Communication, Mr Schaefer and colleagues1 provided a provocative rationale for the im-portance of participation in biomedical research. Their im-plicit focus is patients; we propose that physicians also have a similar obligation. Coincidentally, the ...

Research paper thumbnail of AIDS- and sexuality-related stigmas underlying the use of post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV in Brazil: findings from a multicentric study

Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters, 2019

AIDS-related stigma is a major hurdle to care and it hinders people from accessing HIV prevention... more AIDS-related stigma is a major hurdle to care and it hinders people from accessing HIV prevention methods, such as post-exposure prophylaxis. This study was designed to explore how AIDS-related stigma impacts the experience of using non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) for HIV after sexual contact. Data were gathered in in-depth interviews with 59 people who voluntarily sought out nPEP in five public healthcare facilities in Brazil between 2015 and 2016. Data were analysed into three thematic categories: fear of being mistaken for a person living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA); desire to hide particular features of one's sexual life; and experiences of stigmatising behaviour due to nPEP use. Based on the Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework, predominant manifestations of AIDS-related stigma in each category were analysed, as well as their intersections with gender-and sexuality-related stigmas. Results show that experiences of using nPEP are permeated by AIDS-related stigma, intersecting with sexuality-and genderrelated stigmas. Stigma experiences are mainly perceived, anticipated and internalised; stigma practices include prejudice and stigmatising behaviours. Taking antiretrovirals (ARVs) led participants to the fear of being discriminated against as a PLWHA and having particular features of their sexual identities disclosed. Thus, hiding nPEP was strategic to protect from stigmatising behaviour. As ARV-based prevention technologies are scaled-up, interventions designed to tackle AIDS-and sexuality-related stigmas must be expanded in Brazil. Required interventions include public campaigns about nPEP, educational programmes in healthcare settings to offer adequate support to nPEP users and investments in stigma research and monitoring.

Research paper thumbnail of Specificity and 6-Month Durability of Immune Responses Induced by DNA and Recombinant Modified Vaccinia Ankara Vaccines Expressing HIV-1 Virus-Like Particles

Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2014

and 15 Asociacion Civil IMPACTA Salud y Educacion, Lima, Peru

Research paper thumbnail of O conceito de vulnerabilidade e as práticas de saúde: novas perspectivas e desafios

Research paper thumbnail of Mudanças no âmbito da testagem anti-HIV no Brasil entre 1998 e 2005

Rev Saude Publ, 2008

Changes in HIV testing in Brazil between 1998 and 2005 RESUMO OBJETIVO: Analisar mudanças na real... more Changes in HIV testing in Brazil between 1998 and 2005 RESUMO OBJETIVO: Analisar mudanças na realização de teste anti-HIV, as razões alegadas entre as pessoas que foram ou não testadas e o recebimento de aconselhamento.

Research paper thumbnail of Adolescência, vulnerabilidade e sexualidade

Prevencao As Dst Aids, 2007

Research paper thumbnail of Vulnerabilidade e prevencao em tempos de Aids

Research paper thumbnail of Prevenção das DST/AIDS em Adolescentes e Jovens: brochuras de referência para os profissionais de saúde

Prevencao As Dst Aids, 2007

Base de dados : ADOLEC. Pesquisa : 474365 [Identificador único]. Referências encontradas : 1 [ref... more Base de dados : ADOLEC. Pesquisa : 474365 [Identificador único]. Referências encontradas : 1 [refinar]. Mostrando: 1 .. 1 no formato [Detalhado]. página 1 de 1, 1 / 1, ADOLEC, seleciona. para imprimir. Id: 474365. Autor: Araujo, Teo Weingrill(org); Calazans, Gabriela(org). ...

Research paper thumbnail of Idade e uso de preservativo na iniciação sexual de adolescentes brasileiros

Rev Saude Publ, 2008

OBJECTIVE: To analyze age and condom use at fi rst sexual intercourse among Brazilian adolescents... more OBJECTIVE: To analyze age and condom use at fi rst sexual intercourse among Brazilian adolescents at two periods: 1998 and 2005. METHODS: Representative samples of the Brazilian urban population were interviewed during a household survey for two studies, carried out in 1998 and 2005. Interviewees included 670 sexually active young people (aged 16 to 19) who were selected for the study, 312 in 1998 and 358 in 2005. Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test (α<5%) were used to analyze the weighted data.

Research paper thumbnail of Factors associated with condom use among youth aged 15�24 years in Brazil in 2003

Aids, 2005

To analyse factors associated with the lack of condom use among young people at last sexual inter... more To analyse factors associated with the lack of condom use among young people at last sexual intercourse with a steady or casual partner. A cross-sectional study involving 1170 household interviews and designed to build a representative sample of the population of young Brazilian residents aged 15-24 years (2003). In the multivariate analysis of data, non-conditional logistic regression modelling was applied to assess the determinants of condom use at last sexual intercourse among young people with steady or casual partners. The overall level of condom use at last sexual intercourse was high (60%), although it was significantly more common in casual sexual partnership. Cohabitation was associated with a lack of condom use in both casual and steady partner encounters. In addition, being female, having less schooling, having no work history, and per capita family income above the minimum wage were factors related to not using condoms in the group of young people who had their last sexual encounter with steady partners. Among young people with casual partners, such factors included a positive history of alcohol use, first sex at 9-16 years of age, inadequate knowledge of AIDS treatability and bereavement related to violence. This study confirmed that the determinants of condom use among youth during last sexual intercourse vary according to whether the partner was casual or steady. Prevention campaigns should develop specific messages for each of these contexts.

Research paper thumbnail of Subsidios legais para o atendimento de adolescentes nos serviços de saúde

Prevencao As Dst Aids, 2007

Base de dados : LILACS. Pesquisa : 474367 [Identificador único]. Referências encontradas : 1 [ref... more Base de dados : LILACS. Pesquisa : 474367 [Identificador único]. Referências encontradas : 1 [refinar]. Mostrando: 1 .. 1 no formato [Detalhado]. página 1 de 1, 1 / 1, LILACS, seleciona. para imprimir. Fotocópia. experimental, Documentos relacionados. Id: 474367. ...

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of prevention methods on reducing sexual risk for HIV and their potential impact on a large-scale: a literature review

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, 2015

ABSTRACTA spectrum of diverse prevention methods that offer high protection against HIV has posed... more ABSTRACTA spectrum of diverse prevention methods that offer high protection against HIV has posed the following challenge: how can national AIDS policies with high coverage for prevention and treatment make the best use of new methods so as to reverse the current high, and even rising, incidence rates among specific social groups? We conducted a narrative review of the literature to examine the prevention methods and the structural interventions that can have a higher impact on incidence rates in the context of socially and geographically concentrated epidemics. Evidence on the protective effect of the methods against sexual exposure to HIV, as well as their limits and potential, is discussed. The availability and effectiveness of prevention methods have been hindered by structural and psychosocial barriers such as obstacles to adherence, inconsistent use over time, or only when individuals perceive themselves at higher risk. The most affected individuals and social groups have pres...

Research paper thumbnail of Revisiting the use of condoms in Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction:It is known that a single prevention strategy is not enough to control multi... more ABSTRACTIntroduction:It is known that a single prevention strategy is not enough to control multiple HIV epidemics around the world and in Brazil. However, it is not only necessary to recognize the importance of condoms as part of the policy of HIV/AIDS prevention but also discuss its limits. In this article, we aim to investigate the use of condoms in Brazil, draw critical reflections, and understand how they can once again be highlighted in Brazil's prevention strategy going forward.Methods:A narrative review of literature was conducted using keywords in PubMed. Reports from national surveys that guide the epidemiological and behavioral surveillance of the Brazilian Ministry of Health were also included.Results:A total of 40 articles and 3 reports were included in the review and 11 intervention studies to promote the condom use; the main findings were as follows: 1) Despite the increase in national studies on sexual behavior, little attention is given to the role of condom use...

Research paper thumbnail of Pre-exposure and postexposure prophylaxes and the combination HIV prevention methods (The Combine! Study): protocol for a pragmatic clinical trial at public healthcare clinics in Brazil

BMJ Open, 2015

Few results from programmes based on combination prevention methods are available. We propose to ... more Few results from programmes based on combination prevention methods are available. We propose to analyse the degree of protection provided by postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) for consensual sexual activity at healthcare clinics, its compensatory effects on sexual behaviour; and the effectiveness of combination prevention methods and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), compared with exclusively using traditional methods. A total of 3200 individuals aged 16 years or older presenting for PEP at 5 sexually transmitted disease (STD)/HIV clinics in 3 regions of Brazil will be allocated to one of two groups: the PEP group-individuals who come to the clinic within 72 h after a sexual exposure and start PEP; and the non-PEP group-individuals who come after 72 h but within 30 days of exposure and do not start PEP. Clinical follow-up will be conducted initially for 6 months and comprise educational interventions based on information and counselling for using prevention methods, including PrEP. In the second study phase, individuals who remain HIV negative will be regrouped according to the reported use of prevention methods and observed for 18 months: only traditional methods; combined methods; and PrEP. Effectiveness will be analysed according to the incidence of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B and C and protected sexual behaviour. A structured questionnaire will be administered to participants at baseline and every 6 months thereafter. Qualitative methods will be employed to provide a comprehensive understanding of PEP-seeking behaviour, preventive choices and exposure to HIV. This study will be conducted in accordance with the resolution of the School of Medicine Research Ethics Commission of Universidade de São Paulo (protocol no. 251/14). The databases will be available for specific studies, after management committee approval. Findings will be presented to researchers, health managers and civil society members by means of newspapers, electronic media and scientific journals and meetings.

Research paper thumbnail of Mudanças no âmbito da testagem anti-HIV no Brasil entre 1998 e 2005

Revista de Saúde Pública, 2008

OBJETIVO: Analisar mudanças na realização de teste anti-HIV, as razões alegadas entre as pessoas ... more OBJETIVO: Analisar mudanças na realização de teste anti-HIV, as razões alegadas entre as pessoas que foram ou não testadas e o recebimento de aconselhamento. MÉTODOS: Estudos transversais conduzidos com homens e mulheres de 16 a 65 anos, com amostras representativas do Brasil urbano em 1998 (n=3.600) e 2005 (n=5.040). Características sociodemográficas, sexuais, reprodutivas e de experiências de vida e saúde foram consideradas na análise. A avaliação das possíveis diferenças nas distribuições das variáveis baseou-se nos testes qui-quadrado de Pearson e F design-based (±<5%). RESULTADOS: Em 1998, 20,2% dos entrevistados haviam realizado o teste e 33,6% em 2005. Foram testadas 60% das mulheres na faixa 25-34 anos, mas as que iniciaram a vida sexual antes dos 16 anos e reportaram quatro ou mais parceiros sexuais nos cinco anos anteriores à entrevista foram menos testadas. Não se observou aumento significativo da testagem entre homens, exceto para os de 55-65 anos, renda per capita en...

Research paper thumbnail of Condom use in Brazil: An overview of the academic production on HIV/AIDS prevention (2007-2011)

Temas em Psicologia, 2013

Since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic, condoms have been the main preventive strategy of the B... more Since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic, condoms have been the main preventive strategy of the Brazilian policies. This study presents a refl ective essay on the academic production on condom use as a method for HIV/AIDS prevention in Brazil, based on papers published in scientifi c journals between 2007 and 2011 and indexed in the Virtual Health Librar y. It outlines an overview of these studies and their results and conclusions. Despite the diversity of the production analyzed, it was found that the studies concentrated on young people, with great attention given to gender issues. From combined analysis on the goals and the theoretical and methodological frameworks of the articles, six areas of production of knowledge on the subject were identifi ed: epidemiological studies; studies on knowledge and behavior; studies on specifi c contexts; studies on senses and meanings; studies on activities; and review studies. The literature analyzed is presented in a diffuse manner so as it interlocks approaches and directions, which requires an epistemological and methodological maturity of the frameworks used.

Research paper thumbnail of Idade e uso de preservativo na iniciação sexual de adolescentes brasileiros

Revista de Saúde Pública, 2008

OBJETIVO: Analisar a idade e o uso do preservativo na iniciação sexual de adolescentes brasileiro... more OBJETIVO: Analisar a idade e o uso do preservativo na iniciação sexual de adolescentes brasileiros em dois períodos: 1998 e 2005. MÉTODOS: Amostras representativas da população urbana brasileira foram entrevistadas em inquérito domiciliar por duas pesquisas, realizadas em 1998 e 2005. Dentre os entrevistados, 670 jovens (16 a 19 anos) sexualmente ativos foram selecionados para o estudo, 312 de 1998 e 358 de 2005. Para análise dos dados ponderados foram utilizados o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson e o teste exato de Fisher (±<5%). RESULTADOS: Em 2005, 61,6% dos jovens entrevistados tinham iniciado-se sexualmente, cuja idade média foi 14,9 anos, sem diferenças significativas para os jovens entrevistados em 1998. O uso de preservativo na primeira relação sexual aumentou significativamente em relações estáveis (48,5% em 1998 vs. 67,7% em 2005) e casuais (47,2% em 1998 vs. 62,6% em 2005) em quase todos os segmentos. Persistiram as diferenças relacionadas à iniciação sexual e ao uso de p...

Research paper thumbnail of Plantões jovens: acolhimento e cuidado por meio da educação entre pares para adolescentes e jovens nos Centros de Testagem e Aconselhamento - CTA

Research paper thumbnail of Uso de preservativo en Brasil: Una mirada a la producción académica sobre la prevención de VIH/SIDA (2007-2011)

Temas em Psicologia, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Willingness to participate in vaccine trials among MSM in São Paulo, Brazil

Research paper thumbnail of Participating in Biomedical Research

JAMA, 2009

To the Editor: In their Special Communication, Mr Schaefer and colleagues1 provided a provocative... more To the Editor: In their Special Communication, Mr Schaefer and colleagues1 provided a provocative rationale for the im-portance of participation in biomedical research. Their im-plicit focus is patients; we propose that physicians also have a similar obligation. Coincidentally, the ...