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Gabriela Zanetti

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Papers by Gabriela Zanetti

Research paper thumbnail of Der schne den pferden bis an bauch gienge" : Schneebedeckung und Spätfröste im zentralen Schweizer Mittelland in den Jahren 1730-1760 anhand der Witterungsnotizen des Schlossherrn Johann Bernhard Effinger von Wildegg

Research paper thumbnail of Ein Programm- und Methodenpaket zur Rekonstruktion von Klimaverhältnissen seit dem Hochmittelalter

Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Pfister, C., Schwarz-Zanetti, W., & Schwarz-Zanetti, G... more Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Pfister, C., Schwarz-Zanetti, W., & Schwarz-Zanetti, G. (1986). Ein Programmund Methodenpaket zur Rekonstruktion von Klimaverhältnissen seit dem Hochmittelalter. In M. Thaller (Hrsg.), Datenbanken und Datenverwaltungssysteme als Werkzeuge historischer Forschung (S. 75-92). St. Katharinen: Scripta Mercaturae Verl. https://nbn-resolving.org/ urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-341627

Research paper thumbnail of Daily Weather Observations in Sixteenth-Century Europe

Climatic Variability in Sixteenth-Century Europe and Its Social Dimension, 1999

Thirty-two weather diaries written in astronomical calendars in central Europe in the late fiftee... more Thirty-two weather diaries written in astronomical calendars in central Europe in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries are presented and discussed. Systematic weather observations were promoted by the rise of planetary astronomy and its application in astro-meteorology. The practice of keeping weather diaries spread from Cracow (Poland) to Ingolstadt (Germany) and from there to other universities. The data obtained from these sources provided the backbone for setting up series of precipitation indices for Poland, Geffi1any and Switzerland. Month1y statistics of days with precipitation, snowfall and frost were computed by counting the relevant entries in the most important diaries. The results were compared with either those obtained from instrumental measurements in the same place or with those from modem instrumental measurements in a neighbouring place. The final Results show that autumn was considerably colder in the early sixteenth century .April was considerably drier and July was wetter during the period 1508-1531 than during 1901-1960. In order to highlight the impact of weather patterns on grain prices in a year of crisis, the timing of wet and dry spells in southem Poland and southern Germany is compared for the year 1529. Winters became 1.7°C colder from 1564 to 1576 and the month of July tended to be wetter than in 1901-1960. Details noted in the diaries kept between 1585 and 1600 by the astronomers Brahe (near Copenhagen) and Fabricius (in the Ostfriesland region of northwestern Germany) closely agree. It rained more often in June and July and temperatures dropped. The winter months were more frequently dominated by winds from easterly directiol1s, the frequency of snowfall was higher and a deficit occurred in precipitation. This points to a higher frequency of high pressure in the Fennoscandian area with cold air advection from the east or northeast.

Research paper thumbnail of Winter air temperature variations in western Europe during the Early and High Middle Ages (AD 750–1300)

The Holocene, 1998

In this paper an attempt is made to reconstruct air temperature variations in winter (December, J... more In this paper an attempt is made to reconstruct air temperature variations in winter (December, January and February) from 2500 documentary data over the period ad 750–1300 for a region comprising the Benelux countries, eastern France, western Germany, Switzerland and northern Italy. Anomalous (warm and cold) winters were classified on the basis of proxy information on frost, freezing of water bodies, duration of snowcover and untimely activity of vegetation using semiquantitative indices. For the most severe winters during the ‘Medieval Warm Period’ (MWP) as well as for the outstanding warm and dry winter ad 1289/90, possible analogue cases from the last 300 years are considered, analysed, synoptically interpreted and compared with each other. It is concluded that severe winters were somewhat less frequent and less extreme during the MWP, ad 900–1300, than in the ninth century and from 1300 to 1900. Mean air temperatures for 30 year. periods were estimated from linear regression mo...

Research paper thumbnail of Winter severity in Europe: The fourteenth century

Research paper thumbnail of Der schne den pferden bis an bauch gienge" : Schneebedeckung und Spätfröste im zentralen Schweizer Mittelland in den Jahren 1730-1760 anhand der Witterungsnotizen des Schlossherrn Johann Bernhard Effinger von Wildegg

Research paper thumbnail of Ein Programm- und Methodenpaket zur Rekonstruktion von Klimaverhältnissen seit dem Hochmittelalter

Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Pfister, C., Schwarz-Zanetti, W., & Schwarz-Zanetti, G... more Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Pfister, C., Schwarz-Zanetti, W., & Schwarz-Zanetti, G. (1986). Ein Programmund Methodenpaket zur Rekonstruktion von Klimaverhältnissen seit dem Hochmittelalter. In M. Thaller (Hrsg.), Datenbanken und Datenverwaltungssysteme als Werkzeuge historischer Forschung (S. 75-92). St. Katharinen: Scripta Mercaturae Verl. https://nbn-resolving.org/ urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-341627

Research paper thumbnail of Daily Weather Observations in Sixteenth-Century Europe

Climatic Variability in Sixteenth-Century Europe and Its Social Dimension, 1999

Thirty-two weather diaries written in astronomical calendars in central Europe in the late fiftee... more Thirty-two weather diaries written in astronomical calendars in central Europe in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries are presented and discussed. Systematic weather observations were promoted by the rise of planetary astronomy and its application in astro-meteorology. The practice of keeping weather diaries spread from Cracow (Poland) to Ingolstadt (Germany) and from there to other universities. The data obtained from these sources provided the backbone for setting up series of precipitation indices for Poland, Geffi1any and Switzerland. Month1y statistics of days with precipitation, snowfall and frost were computed by counting the relevant entries in the most important diaries. The results were compared with either those obtained from instrumental measurements in the same place or with those from modem instrumental measurements in a neighbouring place. The final Results show that autumn was considerably colder in the early sixteenth century .April was considerably drier and July was wetter during the period 1508-1531 than during 1901-1960. In order to highlight the impact of weather patterns on grain prices in a year of crisis, the timing of wet and dry spells in southem Poland and southern Germany is compared for the year 1529. Winters became 1.7°C colder from 1564 to 1576 and the month of July tended to be wetter than in 1901-1960. Details noted in the diaries kept between 1585 and 1600 by the astronomers Brahe (near Copenhagen) and Fabricius (in the Ostfriesland region of northwestern Germany) closely agree. It rained more often in June and July and temperatures dropped. The winter months were more frequently dominated by winds from easterly directiol1s, the frequency of snowfall was higher and a deficit occurred in precipitation. This points to a higher frequency of high pressure in the Fennoscandian area with cold air advection from the east or northeast.

Research paper thumbnail of Winter air temperature variations in western Europe during the Early and High Middle Ages (AD 750–1300)

The Holocene, 1998

In this paper an attempt is made to reconstruct air temperature variations in winter (December, J... more In this paper an attempt is made to reconstruct air temperature variations in winter (December, January and February) from 2500 documentary data over the period ad 750–1300 for a region comprising the Benelux countries, eastern France, western Germany, Switzerland and northern Italy. Anomalous (warm and cold) winters were classified on the basis of proxy information on frost, freezing of water bodies, duration of snowcover and untimely activity of vegetation using semiquantitative indices. For the most severe winters during the ‘Medieval Warm Period’ (MWP) as well as for the outstanding warm and dry winter ad 1289/90, possible analogue cases from the last 300 years are considered, analysed, synoptically interpreted and compared with each other. It is concluded that severe winters were somewhat less frequent and less extreme during the MWP, ad 900–1300, than in the ninth century and from 1300 to 1900. Mean air temperatures for 30 year. periods were estimated from linear regression mo...

Research paper thumbnail of Winter severity in Europe: The fourteenth century

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