Gaetano Iaquaniello - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Gaetano Iaquaniello
International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology
The forecasts in the industrial chemistry field evidenced the growing demand of propylene, and th... more The forecasts in the industrial chemistry field evidenced the growing demand of propylene, and the necessity to develop effective processes able to sustain the market. Selective propane dehydrogenation is emerging as the most competitive technology for the production of propylene, on the other hand, the well-known drawback closely linked to the high temperature required to reach a sustainable propane conversion and the coke formation that suppress the catalytic stability still requires appropriate solutions. In this sense, the process intensification through the combination of hydrogen permselective membranes and the reduction of operating temperature could strike the targets of very high propylene selectivity and a quite high conversion value. Since the integration of membrane units in a process required a revision of the operating conditions, the effect of feed composition and temperature was investigated, in order to determine the optimal operating parameters window to operate th...
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In a membrane reactor one or more chemical reactions, generally catalytically promoted, are carri... more In a membrane reactor one or more chemical reactions, generally catalytically promoted, are carried out in the presence of a membrane selectively permeated by one of the reaction products. As result of a lower reaction temperature, another major advantage emerges, i.e. the possibility of a better heat integration, as the use of gas exhausts from a gas turbine or solar heated molten salts. In view of the significant potential advantages, attention hereafter is paid mostly to membrane reactor engineering focusing on the most interesting applications.Membrane integration criticism has to be carefully faced. If the selective membrane is directly integrated in the reaction environment, coupling catalyst and membrane operating conditions leads to the necessity to define a compromise optimization in order to promote both the kinetics and permeability, without damaging the membrane always requesting stringent thermal threshold. On the other hand, the membrane can be integrated externally, by an architecture which foresees reaction and separation steps in series. In this way, catalyst and membrane operating conditions are independent and their optimal operating conditions can be defined separately.It is a worthy assessment that the development of such innovative reactors requires ad hoc design criteria definition.Such a note, focused mainly on hydrogen production processes, is articulate in: Basic features of membrane reactors Open or closed architecture Heat integration strategies Case studies applications.
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The membrane was integrated in to separate hydrogen in between two stages of a two-stage natural ... more The membrane was integrated in to separate hydrogen in between two stages of a two-stage natural gas reforming process. The most important benefit this type of integration of a membrane module in the reforming plant is the shift of the equilibrium of steam reforming reaction and enhancing the final product yield. Due to this shift, the operating reactor temperature can be decreased from 850-880 oC used in conventional plants to 600-650 oC. As a result the low-temperature heat source can be used for heating of the reactor. Next to that a high-purity hydrogen stream is obtained from the process.
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Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks, Oct 6, 2017
Gas-to-liquid (GTL) technologies have been studied for several decades but are still considered e... more Gas-to-liquid (GTL) technologies have been studied for several decades but are still considered economically unfavorable due, in particular, to the cost intensive step of syngas production. The use of membrane reactors coupled with novel routes for syngas production such as that of Catalytic Partial Oxidation can be considered the basis for the development of novel process schemes suitable for GTL applications. Indeed, the production of syngas at temperatures lower than traditional ones without affecting the natural gas conversion can be considered as a viable solution to save both in terms of feed consumption and plant complexity. The aim of this chapter is to report the experimentation performed by KT – Kinetics Technology at pilot scale in the framework of the R&D European Project “Innovative Catalytic Technologies & Materials for Next Gas to Liquid Processes, NEXT-GTL”, one of whose main topics is the development of alternative routes for the production of syngas to be routed to GTL processes.
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Solar Energy, Nov 1, 2017
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Elsevier eBooks, 2022
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Chemical engineering research & design, Oct 1, 2019
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Chemical engineering research & design, Feb 1, 2022
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Chemical Engineering Science, Nov 1, 2019
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Proceeding of World Congress of Young Scientists on Hydrogen Energy Systems
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Membrane reactors are more and more considered an efficient alternative to conventional separatio... more Membrane reactors are more and more considered an efficient alternative to conventional separation, process and conversion technologies for deployment in a wide range of applications, where energy saving and CO2 emissions still represent major concerns. Membrane reactors are in particular widely applied in steam reforming process, owing to its strong energy intensity, and Pd-based membranes are the most commonly used membranes when hydrogen is the product to be separated. In this chapter, the influence of the type of catalyst/membrane integration is reported with experimentation carried out at pilot level, in order to perform a technoeconomic assessment of such concept. Attention is also focused on the possibility to further reduce the cost of membrane technology through recycling procedure.
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The technology of membrane reactors (MR) refers to the integration of a separation device in a re... more The technology of membrane reactors (MR) refers to the integration of a separation device in a reaction chamber to continuously remove a product from the reactor and shifting, in this way, the thermodynamic equilibrium toward the product formation. Accordingly, it is expected to derive some benefits from MR technology, such as a reduction in feed and fuel consumption (for endothermic reaction) and CO2 emissions. Steam reforming process represents the best available technology in refinery to carry out hydrogen production for hydrotreating and hydrocracking processes, and over the last two decades, it has been considered as the key representative reaction for application of membrane technology due to the highly energy intensity of the process. This chapter reports the last R&D advancement into the hydrogen production field assisted by membrane technology performed by the companies NextChem and Kinetics Technology (KT) in collaboration with the Italian National Agency for New Technolog...
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Green Energy and Technology, 2013
An innovative process scheme to produce methanol from carbon dioxide is here presented and assess... more An innovative process scheme to produce methanol from carbon dioxide is here presented and assessed via simulation. In this configuration, the syngas stream, composed by CO, CO2, and H2 and fed to the methanol synthesis reactor, is produced by means of a reverse-water–gas-shift by which a CO2 stream is partially converted in carbon monoxide. In the chapter, the best catalyst to support the reverse reaction is selected; then a simulation model is applied to define the proper operating conditions to achieve syngas composition targets. The simulation results show that the plant configuration represents a feasible way to produce methanol using carbon dioxide, competitively with the traditional process in which the syngas is produced by a natural gas steam reforming unit.
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Faster payout will result if gas turbine exhaust is used as combustion air for fired heaters. Her... more Faster payout will result if gas turbine exhaust is used as combustion air for fired heaters. Here are economic examples and system design considerations
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Applied Catalysis B-environmental, 2017
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De Gruyter eBooks, Aug 23, 2021
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European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings, 2017
The interest in converting bio-based raw materials into commodities continuous gathers pace, alth... more The interest in converting bio-based raw materials into commodities continuous gathers pace, although their economic conversion shows a number of challenges. Bio-based materials are more expensive than natural gas or low priced oil and they cannot compete on commodities production. Syngas produced by Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) throughout high temperature gasification may represent a valid, cost-competitive feedstock to produce chemicals such as methanol or urea at a commercial scale level. This process may be referred as Carbon Capture and Reuse (CCR) process or Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) and will be a much more interesting option than Waste-to-Energy (WTE) route not only to minimize emissions into the atmosphere and mitigate climate changes but also from an energy efficiency point of view. The proposed waste to methanol technology resulted both economically valuable and environmentally advantageous (in terms of saving resources and limit carbon footprint) in comparison to both the production of methanol with the conventional technology (starting from natural gas) and with respect to the use of RdF to produce electrical energy (waste-to-energy).
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Environmental technology letters, 1985
Abstract The evaluation of particule size distribution of waste sludges, conditioned or not, is e... more Abstract The evaluation of particule size distribution of waste sludges, conditioned or not, is easy to realize even with a minimum of laboratory equipment. Close relationships exist between this distribution and the ability of sludges for filtration and dewate‐ring. Even if particule size distribution is probably a consequence of complex interactions between many physico‐chemical and physical parameters, we might expect that the measure of this distribution can be used to improve the filtration efficiency of sludges.
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International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology
The forecasts in the industrial chemistry field evidenced the growing demand of propylene, and th... more The forecasts in the industrial chemistry field evidenced the growing demand of propylene, and the necessity to develop effective processes able to sustain the market. Selective propane dehydrogenation is emerging as the most competitive technology for the production of propylene, on the other hand, the well-known drawback closely linked to the high temperature required to reach a sustainable propane conversion and the coke formation that suppress the catalytic stability still requires appropriate solutions. In this sense, the process intensification through the combination of hydrogen permselective membranes and the reduction of operating temperature could strike the targets of very high propylene selectivity and a quite high conversion value. Since the integration of membrane units in a process required a revision of the operating conditions, the effect of feed composition and temperature was investigated, in order to determine the optimal operating parameters window to operate th...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
In a membrane reactor one or more chemical reactions, generally catalytically promoted, are carri... more In a membrane reactor one or more chemical reactions, generally catalytically promoted, are carried out in the presence of a membrane selectively permeated by one of the reaction products. As result of a lower reaction temperature, another major advantage emerges, i.e. the possibility of a better heat integration, as the use of gas exhausts from a gas turbine or solar heated molten salts. In view of the significant potential advantages, attention hereafter is paid mostly to membrane reactor engineering focusing on the most interesting applications.Membrane integration criticism has to be carefully faced. If the selective membrane is directly integrated in the reaction environment, coupling catalyst and membrane operating conditions leads to the necessity to define a compromise optimization in order to promote both the kinetics and permeability, without damaging the membrane always requesting stringent thermal threshold. On the other hand, the membrane can be integrated externally, by an architecture which foresees reaction and separation steps in series. In this way, catalyst and membrane operating conditions are independent and their optimal operating conditions can be defined separately.It is a worthy assessment that the development of such innovative reactors requires ad hoc design criteria definition.Such a note, focused mainly on hydrogen production processes, is articulate in: Basic features of membrane reactors Open or closed architecture Heat integration strategies Case studies applications.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
The membrane was integrated in to separate hydrogen in between two stages of a two-stage natural ... more The membrane was integrated in to separate hydrogen in between two stages of a two-stage natural gas reforming process. The most important benefit this type of integration of a membrane module in the reforming plant is the shift of the equilibrium of steam reforming reaction and enhancing the final product yield. Due to this shift, the operating reactor temperature can be decreased from 850-880 oC used in conventional plants to 600-650 oC. As a result the low-temperature heat source can be used for heating of the reactor. Next to that a high-purity hydrogen stream is obtained from the process.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks, Oct 6, 2017
Gas-to-liquid (GTL) technologies have been studied for several decades but are still considered e... more Gas-to-liquid (GTL) technologies have been studied for several decades but are still considered economically unfavorable due, in particular, to the cost intensive step of syngas production. The use of membrane reactors coupled with novel routes for syngas production such as that of Catalytic Partial Oxidation can be considered the basis for the development of novel process schemes suitable for GTL applications. Indeed, the production of syngas at temperatures lower than traditional ones without affecting the natural gas conversion can be considered as a viable solution to save both in terms of feed consumption and plant complexity. The aim of this chapter is to report the experimentation performed by KT – Kinetics Technology at pilot scale in the framework of the R&D European Project “Innovative Catalytic Technologies & Materials for Next Gas to Liquid Processes, NEXT-GTL”, one of whose main topics is the development of alternative routes for the production of syngas to be routed to GTL processes.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Solar Energy, Nov 1, 2017
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Elsevier eBooks, 2022
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Chemical engineering research & design, Oct 1, 2019
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Chemical engineering research & design, Feb 1, 2022
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Chemical Engineering Science, Nov 1, 2019
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Proceeding of World Congress of Young Scientists on Hydrogen Energy Systems
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Membrane reactors are more and more considered an efficient alternative to conventional separatio... more Membrane reactors are more and more considered an efficient alternative to conventional separation, process and conversion technologies for deployment in a wide range of applications, where energy saving and CO2 emissions still represent major concerns. Membrane reactors are in particular widely applied in steam reforming process, owing to its strong energy intensity, and Pd-based membranes are the most commonly used membranes when hydrogen is the product to be separated. In this chapter, the influence of the type of catalyst/membrane integration is reported with experimentation carried out at pilot level, in order to perform a technoeconomic assessment of such concept. Attention is also focused on the possibility to further reduce the cost of membrane technology through recycling procedure.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
The technology of membrane reactors (MR) refers to the integration of a separation device in a re... more The technology of membrane reactors (MR) refers to the integration of a separation device in a reaction chamber to continuously remove a product from the reactor and shifting, in this way, the thermodynamic equilibrium toward the product formation. Accordingly, it is expected to derive some benefits from MR technology, such as a reduction in feed and fuel consumption (for endothermic reaction) and CO2 emissions. Steam reforming process represents the best available technology in refinery to carry out hydrogen production for hydrotreating and hydrocracking processes, and over the last two decades, it has been considered as the key representative reaction for application of membrane technology due to the highly energy intensity of the process. This chapter reports the last R&D advancement into the hydrogen production field assisted by membrane technology performed by the companies NextChem and Kinetics Technology (KT) in collaboration with the Italian National Agency for New Technolog...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Green Energy and Technology, 2013
An innovative process scheme to produce methanol from carbon dioxide is here presented and assess... more An innovative process scheme to produce methanol from carbon dioxide is here presented and assessed via simulation. In this configuration, the syngas stream, composed by CO, CO2, and H2 and fed to the methanol synthesis reactor, is produced by means of a reverse-water–gas-shift by which a CO2 stream is partially converted in carbon monoxide. In the chapter, the best catalyst to support the reverse reaction is selected; then a simulation model is applied to define the proper operating conditions to achieve syngas composition targets. The simulation results show that the plant configuration represents a feasible way to produce methanol using carbon dioxide, competitively with the traditional process in which the syngas is produced by a natural gas steam reforming unit.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Faster payout will result if gas turbine exhaust is used as combustion air for fired heaters. Her... more Faster payout will result if gas turbine exhaust is used as combustion air for fired heaters. Here are economic examples and system design considerations
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Applied Catalysis B-environmental, 2017
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
De Gruyter eBooks, Aug 23, 2021
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings, 2017
The interest in converting bio-based raw materials into commodities continuous gathers pace, alth... more The interest in converting bio-based raw materials into commodities continuous gathers pace, although their economic conversion shows a number of challenges. Bio-based materials are more expensive than natural gas or low priced oil and they cannot compete on commodities production. Syngas produced by Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) throughout high temperature gasification may represent a valid, cost-competitive feedstock to produce chemicals such as methanol or urea at a commercial scale level. This process may be referred as Carbon Capture and Reuse (CCR) process or Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) and will be a much more interesting option than Waste-to-Energy (WTE) route not only to minimize emissions into the atmosphere and mitigate climate changes but also from an energy efficiency point of view. The proposed waste to methanol technology resulted both economically valuable and environmentally advantageous (in terms of saving resources and limit carbon footprint) in comparison to both the production of methanol with the conventional technology (starting from natural gas) and with respect to the use of RdF to produce electrical energy (waste-to-energy).
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Environmental technology letters, 1985
Abstract The evaluation of particule size distribution of waste sludges, conditioned or not, is e... more Abstract The evaluation of particule size distribution of waste sludges, conditioned or not, is easy to realize even with a minimum of laboratory equipment. Close relationships exist between this distribution and the ability of sludges for filtration and dewate‐ring. Even if particule size distribution is probably a consequence of complex interactions between many physico‐chemical and physical parameters, we might expect that the measure of this distribution can be used to improve the filtration efficiency of sludges.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact