Ivan Galic - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ivan Galic

Applied sciences, Jan 31, 2023

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Science & Justice, 2019

To compare and analyse the accuracy of four age estimation methods using the mineralisation stage... more To compare and analyse the accuracy of four age estimation methods using the mineralisation stages of the permanent teeth (Cameriere et al. [16] [CAM], Liliequist and Lundberg [LLH] and Nolla without third molars [NOL7] or with them [NOL8]) in a mixed population of Brazilians and a homogeneous population of Croatians. Methods: Orthopantomograms of 930 Brazilians (366 males and 564 females) and 924 Croatians (365 males and 556 females) aged between 8 and 14.99 years were analysed using the CAM, LLH, NOL7 and NOL8 age estimation methodologies. Results: LLH presented the best absolute differences (ADs) among both populations without sex stratification, while CAM presented the worst results. In addition, the mean differences revealed underestimations, except when the LLH and NOL7 methods were used for the Brazilians. When the sample was stratified by sex, the best AD values were found with NOL7 (0.80) for the Brazilians and with LLH (0.98) for the Croatians. When the sample was stratified by sex and age, CAM presented high accuracy at the early ages, and LLH presented high accuracy at the older ages. The results obtained with the Nolla methods (NOL7 and NOL8) were mostly similar, but NOL7 yielded slightly better results. Conclusions: The values for the Brazilians and the Croatians were relatively similar, and the techniques were properly applied in both population samples. The best method for evaluating both countries was LLH, followed by NOL7, NOL8 and CAM.

Legal Medicine, 2020

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

International journal of legal medicine, Jan 16, 2017

The third molar tooth, known as the "wisdom tooth," is the only tooth that can be used ... more The third molar tooth, known as the "wisdom tooth," is the only tooth that can be used to determine legal adult age. This study aimed to test the accuracy of Cameriere's third molar maturity index (I) in assessing the legal adult age of 18 years in the Kosovar population. Orthopantomographs (OPTs) of 1221 healthy living Kosovar individuals, aged between 12 and 23 years and with no congenital or developmental anomalies, were analyzed. Intra-class correlation coefficients were 0.858 (95% CI, 0.786 to 0.906) and 0.852 (95% CI, 0.779 to 0.903) for intra-rater and for inter-rater agreement, respectively. The sample was divided into training dataset (800 OPTs) and test dataset (421 OPTs). The training dataset was used to generate the logistic regression model, while the test dataset was used to study the performance of the model. I and gender as independent variables and adult age (≥ 18 years) or minor age (< 18 years) as the dependent variable were used for logistic regr...

Legal Medicine, 2014

Due to the real need for careful staff training in age assessment, in order to improve capacity, ... more Due to the real need for careful staff training in age assessment, in order to improve capacity, consistency and competence, new research on the reliability and repeatability of methods frequently used in age assessment are required. The aim of this study was twofold: first, to test the accuracy of this method for age estimation; second, to obtain data on the reliability of this technique. A sample of 81 peri-apical radiographs of upper canines (44 men and 37 women), aged between 19 and 74 years, was used; the teeth were taken from the osteological collection of Sassari (Sardinia, Italy). Three blinded observers used the technique in order to perform the age estimation. The mean real age of the 81 observations was 37.21 (CI95% 34.37 40.05), and estimated ages ranged from 36.65 to 38.99 (CI95%-Ex1 35.42; 41.28; CI95%-Ex2 33.89; 39.41; CI95%-Ex3 35.92; 42.06). The module differences found by the three observers were 3.43, 4.24 and 4.45, respectively for Ex1 Â Ex2, Ex1 Â Ex3 and Ex2 Â Ex3. The module differences observed among real and observed ages were 2.55 (CI95% 1.90; 3.20), 2.22 (CI95% 1.65; 2.78) and 4.39 (CI95% 3.80; 5.75), respectively for Ex1, Ex2 and Ex3. No differences were observed among measurements. This technique can be reproduced and repeated after proper training, since it was found high reliability and accuracy.

Legal medicine, 2020

Age estimation is an integral part of forensic medical and dental practice. In many countries, th... more Age estimation is an integral part of forensic medical and dental practice. In many countries, the age threshold of 14 years is set to determine the minimum age for criminal responsibility. In the present study, the authors studied the final maturation of the first (IPM1) and second mandibular premolars (IPM2) by Cameriere maturity index and determined cut-offs at the age threshold of 14 years, and validate on the test sample. Orthopantomograms of 960 healthy south Indian children and sub-adults (480 boys and 480 girls) aged between 10 and 18 were analysed, 640 as training sample and 320 as a test sample. The results of logistic regression analysis with age (</≥14 years) as a dependent variable and IPM1, IPM2, and sex as predictor variables on training sample showed that both IPM1 and IPM2 significantly related to the legal age of 14 years but not the sex (p = 0.052). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the specific cut-off values of...

Journal of forensic and legal medicine, 2017

Deliberate falsification of age was considered to be one of the main reasons for forensic age est... more Deliberate falsification of age was considered to be one of the main reasons for forensic age estimation of the living individuals. This posed to be a challenging task during criminal and legal proceedings, and ultimate care must be taken not to classify juveniles as adults. Third molars are the only developing teeth during late adolescence and early adulthood. Our study was designed to analyze the usefulness of the third molar maturity index (I3M) specific cut-off value (I3M < 0.08) to discriminate adults (≥18 years) and juveniles (<18 years) in South Indian children. 216 panoramic radiographs (114 females and 102 males) of living subjects aged between 14 and 21 years were analyzed. Our results demonstrated high sensitivity (83.3% and 90.2%) and specificity (98.3% and 95.1%) for females and males respectively. The positive likelihood ratios of being adult were 50.00 and 18.35 while the negative likelihood ratios were 0.17 and 0.10 in females and males respectively. The estima...

Acta Stomatologica Croatica, Sep 15, 2008

Sastav i laboratorijska obradba uglavnom određuju izgled mikrostrukture te mehanička i elektrokem... more Sastav i laboratorijska obradba uglavnom određuju izgled mikrostrukture te mehanička i elektrokemijska svojstva dentalnih odljevaka. Svrha: Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je usporediti metalografska svojstva zlatne legure s visokim udjelom zlata-Dentora S i zlatne legure s manjim udjelom zlata-Midora S. Obje se rabe u fi ksnoprotetičkoj terapiji s istom indikacijom. Materijal i metode: Uzorci legura, modelirani u vosku, bili su odliveni centrifugalnim ljevačem u fosfatnom uložnom materijalu i ohlađeni na sobnoj temperaturi. Mikrostruktura je analizirana svjetlosnim i SEM mikroskopima. Određena je veličina zrna i udjel poroznosti u odljevcima. Izmjerena je mikrotvrdoća metodom prema Vickersu. Za statističku analizu koristio se T-test za nezavisne uzorke (α=0,05). Rezultati: Mikrografske snimke odljevaka obiju legura bile su različite u mikrostrukturi, homogenosti i veličini zrna. Prema ASTM-u 112/96. dokazana su znatno manja zrna u odljevku Dentora S (7,72±0,23) u odnosu prema Midoru S (6,26±0,19). Udjel poroznosti, izračunat iz površinskih onečišćenja i oštećenja, bio je znatno veći u odljevcima Dentora S (0,62%±0,24%) u odnosu prema Midoru S (0,49%±0,19%). Vrijednost mikrotvrdoće Midora S (HV0,1=169.,98±10,61) znatno je veća u odnosu prema Dentoru S (HV0,1=157,58±15,42). Zaključak: Može se zaključiti da sastav, uz iste laboratorijske uvjete obradbe, ima odlučujući utjecaj na izgled mikrostrukture i vrijednost mikrotvrdoće odljevka uobičajenih zlatnih legura. Odabir legure kao terapijskog sredstva, kako bi se osigurala funkcijska i tehnološka trajnost protetičkoga rada, treba se temeljiti na individualnim vrijednostima žvačnih sila pacijenta te na sastavu i mehaničkim svojstvima legure.

Forensic Science International, 2016

At the moment, a large number of asylum seekers from the Middle East are passing through Serbia. ... more At the moment, a large number of asylum seekers from the Middle East are passing through Serbia. Most of them do not have identification documents. Also, the past wars in the Balkan region have left many unidentified victims and missing persons. From a legal point of view, it is crucial to determine whether a person is a minor or an adult (≥18 years of age). In recent years, methods based on the third molar development have been used for this purpose. The present article aims to verify the third molar maturity index (I3M) based on the correlation between the chronological age and normalized measures of the open apices and height of the third mandibular molar. The sample consisted of 598 panoramic radiographs (290 males and 299 females) from 13 to 24 years of age. The cut-off value of I3M=0.08 was used to discriminate adults and minors. The results demonstrated high sensitivity (0.96, 0.86) and specificity (0.94, 0.98) in males and females, respectively. The proportion of correctly classified individuals was 0.95 in males and 0.91 in females. In conclusion, the suggested value of I3M=0.08 can be used on Serbian population with high accuracy.

Nalaz stranih tijela u orofacijalnom području ima svoje medicinsko, ali često (sve više) i medici... more Nalaz stranih tijela u orofacijalnom području ima svoje medicinsko, ali često (sve više) i medicinsko-pravno značenje. Radiološke metode pregleda imaju uz kliničko- anamnestičke podatke najveće značenje u otkrivanju i dokumentiranju prisustva različitih stranih tijela, bez obzira na njihovu lokalizaciju i razloge izvođenja pretraga. Pri tome valja naglasiti da je dijagnostička kvaliteta dentalnih radiograma od najveće važnosti jer se ponekad, zbog loše kvalitete snimke (bez obzira na razloge loše kvalitete), stranim tijelima mogu proglasiti i nepostojeća „ strana tijela“ ili pak stvarno postojeća, zbog različitih artefakata, ne prikazati. Svakako je važan i izbor odgovarajuće metode pregleda ; stoga ćemo kod sumnje na radiotransparentna strana tijela u mekim čestima obaviti UZ pregled ili MR, a kod sumnje na strana tijela koja jače apsorbiraju rentgenske zrake (metal, različita punila korijena zubi, odlomljeni korijen zubi, itd.) konvencionalne dentalne rentgenske snimke ili digital...

Background: French-Canadian standards by Demirjian for dental age estimation in children show low... more Background: French-Canadian standards by Demirjian for dental age estimation in children show lower accuracy when allied in other populations. The international maturity standards were calculated and maturity curves were created by evaluation of maturity standards from eight different populations, in order to predict the dental age with more confidence when the ethnic origin was unknown. Aim: Aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of international maturity standards on the sample of panoramic radiographs (OPG) of 350 girls and 330 boys, aged from 6.06 to 12.97 years from the area of the city of Skopje in FYR of Macedonia. Method: Seven permanent teeth from left side of lower jaw were scored using Demirjian stages. Kappa score for intra- and inter- rater agreement was tested by evaluation of 50 randomly selected OPGs. Dental maturity score was calculated and dental age was found from the 50th percentile maturity curve for maturity score for each child. Results: Cohen Kappa sc...

Forensic Science International, 2015

ABSTRACT Evaluation of cervical vertebrae on lateral cephalograms is used for growth assessment a... more ABSTRACT Evaluation of cervical vertebrae on lateral cephalograms is used for growth assessment and skeletal age evaluation. Most of skeletal age methods are based on assessment of maturation and shape of the third cervical vertebra (C3). On the other hand, morphological analyses of first and second cervical vertebrae indicate their association with mandibular growth direction. In spite of extensive research about cervical vertebral maturation methods, relationship of C3 vertebral shape and skeletal growth patterns are still not evaluated. The aim of the presented pilot study is to indicate if morphology of the body of the third cervical vertebra can be used for estimating skeletal growth patterns in maxilla and mandible. Lateral cephalograms of 100 healthy children with cervical vertebral maturity stage V (peak in mandibular growth has occurred not later than two years before this stage) were analyzed. Skeletal growth patterns have been evaluated using mandibular angle (Ar-Go-Gn), Bjork polygon (N-SAr-Go-Gn), linear difference between maxillar (Sna-Snp) and mandibular length (Go-Gn) and maxillamandibular angle (Sna-Snp:Go-Gn). Cervico-vertebral morphology was analyzed using linear measurements of anterior height, posterior height and body concavity of C3. Pearson’s linear correlation and analysis of variance was used for comparing cervical morphology and skeletal growth patterns. Anterior body height showed negative but insignificant relationship with mandibular angle. Significant (p <0.034) negative correlation (r = -0.211) was found between posterior height and mandibular angle but not with other skeletal parameters. This study indicates that the posterior height of the third cervical vertebra cannot be used for estimating positional mandibular rotation and maxilla-mandibular horizontal relationship but only for estimating anatomical mandibular rotation and growth of mandibular ramus. Future research should be focused on linear mandibular measurements and C3 antero-posterior body height ratio in different skeletal developmental stages.

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 2014

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic potential of components leached from two ... more The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic potential of components leached from two conventional self-curing glass-ionomer cements (Fuji IX and Ketac Molar), and light-curing, resin modified glass-ionomer cements (Vitrebond, Fuji II LC). Evaluation was performed on human lymphocytes using alkaline and hOGG1 modified comet, and micronucleus assays. Each material, polymerised and unpolymerised, was eluted in extracellular saline (1 cm2 mL-1) for 1 h, 1 day, and 5 days. Cultures were treated with eluates using final dilutions of 10-2, 10-3, and 10-4. Alkaline comet assay did not detect changes in DNA migration of treated cells regardless of the ionomer tested, polymerisation state, and elution duration. Glass ionomers failed to significantly influence micronucleus frequency. No oxidative DNA damage in treated lymphocytes was observed using hOGG1 modified comet assay. Obtained results indicate high biocompatibility of all tested materials used in the study under experimenta...

Forensic science international, Jan 13, 2014

The third molar tooth is one of the few anatomical structures in development available for estima... more The third molar tooth is one of the few anatomical structures in development available for estimating the age of individuals in the late adolescence. This study tests the accuracy of Cameriere's cut-off value of the third molar index (I3M) in assessing legal adult age of 18 years in an Albanian sample. For this purpose, a sample of orthopantomograms (OPTs) of 286 living subjects (152 female and 134 male) aged between 15 and 22 years was analyzed. Intra-rater and inter-raters agreement of I3M were 0.998 and 0.998, respectively and Cohen Kappa for intra-rater and inter-rater agreement in decision on adult or minor was 1.0 and 1.0, respectively. Age distribution gradually decreases as I3M increases in both males and females. The mean age of females is higher than that of males when I3M is between 0.04 and 0.08. Sensitivity test for males was 94.1%, with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 85.6-98.4%, and specificity was 90.9% (95%CI 81.3-96.6%). The proportion of correctly classifie...

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 2013

Background: Dental age estimation in children plays an important role in forensic dentistry. The ... more Background: Dental age estimation in children plays an important role in forensic dentistry. The most commonly used method for age estimation was developed by Demirjian in 1973 on a FrencheCanadian sample. It generally overestimates dental age in many populations. International maturity standards were formed to obtain a predicted age with more confidence when ethnic origin was not available. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of Chaillet's international scores in the dental age assessment on Bosnian Herzegovinian (BH) children. Methods: Orthopantomograms of 1772 children, 980 girls and 792 boys aged 6.04e14.90 years, were assessed using Chaillet's international maturity tables and curves. The dental ages for both genders were compared to the chronological ages through a paired t-test. Results: Mean overestimation using Chaillet's international maturity standards were 0.09 AE 0.83 for girls and 0.28 AE 0.90 for boys. The absolute accuracy of residuals between the dental and chronological age were 0.65 AE 0.52 years for girls (Median: 0.52 years) and 0.73 AE 0.60 years for boys (Median: 0.57 years). Conclusion: The Polynomial compound formula was recommended to predict dental age with more accuracy for results of international maturity standards on BH children.

Forensic Science International, 2014

This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the a... more This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights

Identifying the gender of a person is one of the fundamental tasks in forensic medicine. One poss... more Identifying the gender of a person is one of the fundamental tasks in forensic medicine. One possible application is right after a catastrophic event such as a mass disaster with a high victim count. In such cases it is necessary to identify the people involved which can require a high number of forensic experts, depending on the scale of the event. With panoramic dental x-ray images the biological gender of a person can be estimated by analyzing skeletal structures that express sexual dimorphism. Current methods require the manual measurement of a wide array of mandibular parameters which are then manually compared to references based on these measurements and assumed ethnicity of the people involved. We propose an automated solution based on deep learning techniques using convolutional neural networks. Our data consists of 4000 panoramic dental x-ray images of patients with European origin, with the images being taken by a wide range of orthopantomographs. Our automated method can...