Dennis Galletta - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Dennis Galletta
Journal of Small Business Strategy, 1998
The Internet represents one of the most dramatic, widespread innovations of recent times. For the... more The Internet represents one of the most dramatic, widespread innovations of recent times. For the small businessperson, it can be both a tremendous opportunity as well as a potential threat. This paper presents a series of frameworks and examples to help a small businessperson recognize, and develop a strategy to cope with, the electronic commerce opportunities and threats posed by the Web. Potential uses of the web with respect to five different stakeholders are presented: customers, intermediaries, suppliers, competitors, and employees.
Journal of Management Information Systems, 2021
ABSTRACT Easy access to equipment, software, and platforms to create, distribute, and provide acc... more ABSTRACT Easy access to equipment, software, and platforms to create, distribute, and provide access to fake news stories has exacerbated the problem of fake news, making for a large number of highly biased sources that are reaching the mainstream through social networks. The economics of emotion theory proposes that fake news headlines are created to evoke emotional responses in readers that will cause them to interact with the article in a way that allows the creator to make a profit (through clicking on the link to the full article, by sharing the article, etc.). This mixed methods study investigates the process by which individuals experience discrete emotional reactions to fake news headlines, and how these emotions contribute to the perpetuation of fake news through sharing behaviors. U.S. participants (n=879 across two waves) viewed one of eight false news headlines and reported their emotional reactions, belief in the headline, and potential sharing behaviors. In general, participants were more likely to believe headlines that aligned with their existing beliefs (e.g., liberals were more likely to believe negative news about conservatives), reacted with more negative emotions to headlines that attacked their party, and were more likely to report intentions to suppress (e.g., post a link to a fact check) fake news that attacked their own party. Emotional reactivity of participants was associated with response behavior intentions such that participants who reported high levels of emotions were more likely to take actions that would spread or suppress the fake news, participants who reported low levels of emotions were more likely to ignore or disengage from the spread of false news, and participants who reported high levels of negative emotions and low levels of positive emotions were more likely to suppress the spread of fake news and less likely to contribute to the spread of fake news. Our findings are synthesized into a process model that explains how discrete emotions and beliefs influence sharing behaviors. Implications for mitigating the spread of fake news are discussed in terms of this model.
As competition increases in the online world, website owners will investigate ways in which they ... more As competition increases in the online world, website owners will investigate ways in which they can attract more users. Additionally, many consumers suffer ever-increasing time limitations when browsing for a particular item on a website. Users can become frustrated and stressed when they are unable to find those items due to poor information scent, or semantic cues that are meant to lead to their goal. This paper presents and tests a theoretical model to predict how information scent can reduce the amount of stress that consumers experience when seeking information under time constraints. The study also demonstrates the relationships between information scent, time constraints, stress, performance and attitudes toward the website. Results indicate that while high information scent is an important design goal, scent can only be assessed by taking the user’s task into account
This Research Exchange includes a discussion of the founders and creators of Bringing Science to ... more This Research Exchange includes a discussion of the founders and creators of Bringing Science to Practice by Dennis Galletta, Stefan Seidel and Dov Te\u27eni. The panel discussion is moderated by Alan Dennis. The AIS In Practice: Bringing Science to Practice site can be found here (https://ais-inpractice.org/)
Pop-up, pop-under, and in-line ads have been said to be intrusive, and previous findings suggest ... more Pop-up, pop-under, and in-line ads have been said to be intrusive, and previous findings suggest that they could have important effects on user perception and cognition. Using a 2x2 factorial design, this experimental study examines the effects of those ads. Besides a control group without ads, factors included ad placement (pop-up vs inline) and ad congruence (with the site's content or not). Results indicated that intention to return was impaired by ads; retention of website information was higher when ads were inline or when ads were not congruent with website content; and retention of ad content was higher for inline ads and those that were not congruent to the content of the website. However, contrary to expectations, intentions to return were not affected by ad placement, retention of site
Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, the landscape of higher education had been primed for upheaval... more Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, the landscape of higher education had been primed for upheaval The pandemic has only accentuated the need for change Not only have we had to scramble to provide meaningful and valuable content to our students;we have also had to reinvent how that content is delivered Beyond these changes that have abruptly affected all of us, expectations from students, colleagues, and administrators have unilaterally risen We are expected to publish more, and in better journals We are expected to provide more service, internally and externally We are expected to get better teacher evaluations from students, and to deliver up-to-date content in a way that can convince students that they are benefiting from their paid education more than they would by taking online courses (often for free) The pressure to succeed on all fronts has never been higher In this panel discussion, seasoned scholars, who have succeeded, will share insights from their experiences navigating ...
Mobile computing has provided technology to an unprecedented user base and has created a market f... more Mobile computing has provided technology to an unprecedented user base and has created a market for applications that is expected to reach $77 billion by 2017, involving over 268 billion downloads. Nearly every download involves privacy messages that request permissions to access information such as contact, calendar, and location information. Recent cases have revealed that users are often surprised when they discover the permissions they have granted, which implies that not everyone reads them carefully. In this paper we propose a research agenda focusing on the decisions that users make about those permissions requests. Several theories provide promising antecedents to explain acceptance of privacy permissions. Nine propositions are presented, with three from each research bases from social, economic, and cognitive perspectives. The research agenda thus is a combination hybrid social/economic/cognitive approach. The agenda complements extant research that has focused on privacy c...
Attacks on information security continue to result in large losses for organizations. Oftentimes,... more Attacks on information security continue to result in large losses for organizations. Oftentimes, the breaches occur because organizational insiders fail to adhere to commonplace system security messages. This could be because, faced with the challenges and time demands of everyday stressors, security policy compliance can be costly for individuals; security actions require time and distract attention from other primary tasks. To defend against these attacks, user interactions with security messages need to be better understood. This study reports the results of a 110-participant MTurk field study that examines user interactions with interruptive security messages through the lens of a risk tradeoff paradigm. First, a gap in the information security literature is identified, wherein findings about low security-message attention are contrasted against studies that assume attention and information processing. Three competing hypotheses are proposed that describe different patterns of risk analysis that users may engage in when interacting with an interruptive security message: (1) very little to no elaboration over the risk-taking decision due to perniciously low attention, (2) consistent security message risk-taking decision elaboration, and (3) a bimodal situation where elaboration depends on the information security risk-reward tradeoff balance. Multiple Eargle et al./ Applying risk tradeoff paradigms to explain user interactions with interruptive security messages Proceedings of the 11th Pre
In one remarkable week, and in the face of a horrifying pandemic, information technology and syst... more In one remarkable week, and in the face of a horrifying pandemic, information technology and systems were harnessed to dramatically transform education and office work It wasn't always pretty, but the IT infrastructure worked, at least for those fortunate to have access to it Tele-medicine, remote work, distance education - concepts long touted but sparsely implemented - suddenly essential and transformational Now that we have made it through the immediate impact of the pandemic, the long term implications and consequences are emerging What is this pandemic driven, but IT shaped, new normal? What does it mean for families, careers, and businesses? What does it mean for higher education and our discipline? Our panelists will explore the challenges faced by doctoral students and early career professors, two career families, and small businesses But we will also ask them to help identify new opportunities, particularly for research, new modes of education and greater engagement wit...
Organizations invest heavily in developing and maintaining websites to meet various transactional... more Organizations invest heavily in developing and maintaining websites to meet various transactional (e.g., online purchases) and non-transactional (e.g., influencing brand attitude and disseminating product information organizational goals. In considering non-transactional outcomes—specifically brand attitude formation and information dissemination—one finds that two literature streams emerge, although they present different recommendations. First, cognitive attitude formation research recommends designing interfaces to promote an efficient experience that takes less time and requires less movement among webpages. On the other hand, the mere exposure literature recommends that longer durations and more exposure to related ideas should improve non-transactional outcomes. To understand the relationship between these two perspectives, we tested related hypotheses in a within-subjects observational experiment with a follow-up survey 10 days later. Building on theory regarding task charact...
Organizations invest heavily in developing and maintaining websites to meet various transactional... more Organizations invest heavily in developing and maintaining websites to meet various transactional (e.g., online purchases) and non-transactional (e.g., influencing brand attitude and disseminating product information organizational goals. In considering non-transactional outcomes—specifically brand attitude formation and information dissemination—one finds that two literature streams emerge, although they present different recommendations. First, cognitive attitude formation research recommends designing interfaces to promote an efficient experience that takes less time and requires less movement among webpages. On the other hand, the mere exposure literature recommends that longer durations and more exposure to related ideas should improve non-transactional outcomes. To understand the relationship between these two perspectives, we tested related hypotheses in a within-subjects observational experiment with a follow-up survey 10 days later. Building on theory regarding task charact...
Fake news has become a ubiquitous and extremely worrying phenomenon, capturing the attention of a... more Fake news has become a ubiquitous and extremely worrying phenomenon, capturing the attention of academics, governments, businesses, media, and the general public. Despite this notoriety, many questions remain to be answered about the generation, diffusion, consumption, and impacts of fake news that are spread through social media and online communities. A nascent body of IS research is emerging that addresses some of these questions. In this panel, we aim to motivate further IS research and produce an agenda by highlighting some of the important issues that need to be discussed with regard to fake news. We examine how IS scholarship can address these issues by drawing on its existing body of knowledge as well as considering less-studied but potentially fruitful areas of research.
Security risks often occur because insiders fail to react appropriately to security warnings, due... more Security risks often occur because insiders fail to react appropriately to security warnings, due to inattention to the warnings. This study extends security warning design research that has investigated the impact of different designs, including different symbols of threat such as yellow triangles and exclamation marks. This work uses media naturalness theory in an attempt to boost user engagement with security warnings. We integrated validated images of facial expressions depicting fear and disgust, which signaled an environmental threat, into a browser security warning. An fMRI study (N=23) revealed activity located in the right amygdala to be differentially associated among warnings with integrated expressions of fear, disgust, and neutral emotions compared to faceless stimuli. Behavioral measures of response time and selfreported attention were also supportive of the hypotheses. We also propose a follow-up field study using Mechanical Turk to corroborate the fMRI findings. Our ...
Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 2019
Although many business schools have started to offer business analytics programs and courses for ... more Although many business schools have started to offer business analytics programs and courses for their MBA students, there is a lack of understanding of how these efforts translate into job market gains for their graduates, and whether the playing field is level for all business schools. To bridge this gap, we use signaling theory to investigate the impacts of the business analytics breadth (BAB) level and university ranking of MBA programs on graduates' future employment success in terms of salary and job placement. We collected and analyzed data on business analytics relevant courses offered by the top 89 business schools in the United States, as listed on bloomberg.com. Findings revealed the vital role of university ranking in determining the efficacy of BAB to produce job market gains for students; university ranking moderated the effect of business analytics offerings on post-graduation salary and job placement. These findings provide interesting insights for researchers and business schools interested in understanding the return on investment in business analytics programs.
Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 2002
Human Computer Interaction(HCI) or Human Factors studies in MIS are concerned with the ways human... more Human Computer Interaction(HCI) or Human Factors studies in MIS are concerned with the ways humans interact with information, technologies, and tasks, especially in business, managerial, organizational, and cultural contexts. This article describes the existence and importance of HCI research in the MIS discipline, its historical development, some of its characteristics, publication opportunities, and future research directions. It is believed that HCI is the subject of a strong research stream in MIS, and will continue to be strong in the foreseeable future. It is hoped that HCI studies can provide the evolution of the human centered technology development that enhances our work/job, our various needs, our organizations, our societies, and ourselves.
Journal of Small Business Strategy, 1998
The Internet represents one of the most dramatic, widespread innovations of recent times. For the... more The Internet represents one of the most dramatic, widespread innovations of recent times. For the small businessperson, it can be both a tremendous opportunity as well as a potential threat. This paper presents a series of frameworks and examples to help a small businessperson recognize, and develop a strategy to cope with, the electronic commerce opportunities and threats posed by the Web. Potential uses of the web with respect to five different stakeholders are presented: customers, intermediaries, suppliers, competitors, and employees.
Journal of Management Information Systems, 2021
ABSTRACT Easy access to equipment, software, and platforms to create, distribute, and provide acc... more ABSTRACT Easy access to equipment, software, and platforms to create, distribute, and provide access to fake news stories has exacerbated the problem of fake news, making for a large number of highly biased sources that are reaching the mainstream through social networks. The economics of emotion theory proposes that fake news headlines are created to evoke emotional responses in readers that will cause them to interact with the article in a way that allows the creator to make a profit (through clicking on the link to the full article, by sharing the article, etc.). This mixed methods study investigates the process by which individuals experience discrete emotional reactions to fake news headlines, and how these emotions contribute to the perpetuation of fake news through sharing behaviors. U.S. participants (n=879 across two waves) viewed one of eight false news headlines and reported their emotional reactions, belief in the headline, and potential sharing behaviors. In general, participants were more likely to believe headlines that aligned with their existing beliefs (e.g., liberals were more likely to believe negative news about conservatives), reacted with more negative emotions to headlines that attacked their party, and were more likely to report intentions to suppress (e.g., post a link to a fact check) fake news that attacked their own party. Emotional reactivity of participants was associated with response behavior intentions such that participants who reported high levels of emotions were more likely to take actions that would spread or suppress the fake news, participants who reported low levels of emotions were more likely to ignore or disengage from the spread of false news, and participants who reported high levels of negative emotions and low levels of positive emotions were more likely to suppress the spread of fake news and less likely to contribute to the spread of fake news. Our findings are synthesized into a process model that explains how discrete emotions and beliefs influence sharing behaviors. Implications for mitigating the spread of fake news are discussed in terms of this model.
As competition increases in the online world, website owners will investigate ways in which they ... more As competition increases in the online world, website owners will investigate ways in which they can attract more users. Additionally, many consumers suffer ever-increasing time limitations when browsing for a particular item on a website. Users can become frustrated and stressed when they are unable to find those items due to poor information scent, or semantic cues that are meant to lead to their goal. This paper presents and tests a theoretical model to predict how information scent can reduce the amount of stress that consumers experience when seeking information under time constraints. The study also demonstrates the relationships between information scent, time constraints, stress, performance and attitudes toward the website. Results indicate that while high information scent is an important design goal, scent can only be assessed by taking the user’s task into account
This Research Exchange includes a discussion of the founders and creators of Bringing Science to ... more This Research Exchange includes a discussion of the founders and creators of Bringing Science to Practice by Dennis Galletta, Stefan Seidel and Dov Te\u27eni. The panel discussion is moderated by Alan Dennis. The AIS In Practice: Bringing Science to Practice site can be found here (https://ais-inpractice.org/)
Pop-up, pop-under, and in-line ads have been said to be intrusive, and previous findings suggest ... more Pop-up, pop-under, and in-line ads have been said to be intrusive, and previous findings suggest that they could have important effects on user perception and cognition. Using a 2x2 factorial design, this experimental study examines the effects of those ads. Besides a control group without ads, factors included ad placement (pop-up vs inline) and ad congruence (with the site's content or not). Results indicated that intention to return was impaired by ads; retention of website information was higher when ads were inline or when ads were not congruent with website content; and retention of ad content was higher for inline ads and those that were not congruent to the content of the website. However, contrary to expectations, intentions to return were not affected by ad placement, retention of site
Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, the landscape of higher education had been primed for upheaval... more Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, the landscape of higher education had been primed for upheaval The pandemic has only accentuated the need for change Not only have we had to scramble to provide meaningful and valuable content to our students;we have also had to reinvent how that content is delivered Beyond these changes that have abruptly affected all of us, expectations from students, colleagues, and administrators have unilaterally risen We are expected to publish more, and in better journals We are expected to provide more service, internally and externally We are expected to get better teacher evaluations from students, and to deliver up-to-date content in a way that can convince students that they are benefiting from their paid education more than they would by taking online courses (often for free) The pressure to succeed on all fronts has never been higher In this panel discussion, seasoned scholars, who have succeeded, will share insights from their experiences navigating ...
Mobile computing has provided technology to an unprecedented user base and has created a market f... more Mobile computing has provided technology to an unprecedented user base and has created a market for applications that is expected to reach $77 billion by 2017, involving over 268 billion downloads. Nearly every download involves privacy messages that request permissions to access information such as contact, calendar, and location information. Recent cases have revealed that users are often surprised when they discover the permissions they have granted, which implies that not everyone reads them carefully. In this paper we propose a research agenda focusing on the decisions that users make about those permissions requests. Several theories provide promising antecedents to explain acceptance of privacy permissions. Nine propositions are presented, with three from each research bases from social, economic, and cognitive perspectives. The research agenda thus is a combination hybrid social/economic/cognitive approach. The agenda complements extant research that has focused on privacy c...
Attacks on information security continue to result in large losses for organizations. Oftentimes,... more Attacks on information security continue to result in large losses for organizations. Oftentimes, the breaches occur because organizational insiders fail to adhere to commonplace system security messages. This could be because, faced with the challenges and time demands of everyday stressors, security policy compliance can be costly for individuals; security actions require time and distract attention from other primary tasks. To defend against these attacks, user interactions with security messages need to be better understood. This study reports the results of a 110-participant MTurk field study that examines user interactions with interruptive security messages through the lens of a risk tradeoff paradigm. First, a gap in the information security literature is identified, wherein findings about low security-message attention are contrasted against studies that assume attention and information processing. Three competing hypotheses are proposed that describe different patterns of risk analysis that users may engage in when interacting with an interruptive security message: (1) very little to no elaboration over the risk-taking decision due to perniciously low attention, (2) consistent security message risk-taking decision elaboration, and (3) a bimodal situation where elaboration depends on the information security risk-reward tradeoff balance. Multiple Eargle et al./ Applying risk tradeoff paradigms to explain user interactions with interruptive security messages Proceedings of the 11th Pre
In one remarkable week, and in the face of a horrifying pandemic, information technology and syst... more In one remarkable week, and in the face of a horrifying pandemic, information technology and systems were harnessed to dramatically transform education and office work It wasn't always pretty, but the IT infrastructure worked, at least for those fortunate to have access to it Tele-medicine, remote work, distance education - concepts long touted but sparsely implemented - suddenly essential and transformational Now that we have made it through the immediate impact of the pandemic, the long term implications and consequences are emerging What is this pandemic driven, but IT shaped, new normal? What does it mean for families, careers, and businesses? What does it mean for higher education and our discipline? Our panelists will explore the challenges faced by doctoral students and early career professors, two career families, and small businesses But we will also ask them to help identify new opportunities, particularly for research, new modes of education and greater engagement wit...
Organizations invest heavily in developing and maintaining websites to meet various transactional... more Organizations invest heavily in developing and maintaining websites to meet various transactional (e.g., online purchases) and non-transactional (e.g., influencing brand attitude and disseminating product information organizational goals. In considering non-transactional outcomes—specifically brand attitude formation and information dissemination—one finds that two literature streams emerge, although they present different recommendations. First, cognitive attitude formation research recommends designing interfaces to promote an efficient experience that takes less time and requires less movement among webpages. On the other hand, the mere exposure literature recommends that longer durations and more exposure to related ideas should improve non-transactional outcomes. To understand the relationship between these two perspectives, we tested related hypotheses in a within-subjects observational experiment with a follow-up survey 10 days later. Building on theory regarding task charact...
Organizations invest heavily in developing and maintaining websites to meet various transactional... more Organizations invest heavily in developing and maintaining websites to meet various transactional (e.g., online purchases) and non-transactional (e.g., influencing brand attitude and disseminating product information organizational goals. In considering non-transactional outcomes—specifically brand attitude formation and information dissemination—one finds that two literature streams emerge, although they present different recommendations. First, cognitive attitude formation research recommends designing interfaces to promote an efficient experience that takes less time and requires less movement among webpages. On the other hand, the mere exposure literature recommends that longer durations and more exposure to related ideas should improve non-transactional outcomes. To understand the relationship between these two perspectives, we tested related hypotheses in a within-subjects observational experiment with a follow-up survey 10 days later. Building on theory regarding task charact...
Fake news has become a ubiquitous and extremely worrying phenomenon, capturing the attention of a... more Fake news has become a ubiquitous and extremely worrying phenomenon, capturing the attention of academics, governments, businesses, media, and the general public. Despite this notoriety, many questions remain to be answered about the generation, diffusion, consumption, and impacts of fake news that are spread through social media and online communities. A nascent body of IS research is emerging that addresses some of these questions. In this panel, we aim to motivate further IS research and produce an agenda by highlighting some of the important issues that need to be discussed with regard to fake news. We examine how IS scholarship can address these issues by drawing on its existing body of knowledge as well as considering less-studied but potentially fruitful areas of research.
Security risks often occur because insiders fail to react appropriately to security warnings, due... more Security risks often occur because insiders fail to react appropriately to security warnings, due to inattention to the warnings. This study extends security warning design research that has investigated the impact of different designs, including different symbols of threat such as yellow triangles and exclamation marks. This work uses media naturalness theory in an attempt to boost user engagement with security warnings. We integrated validated images of facial expressions depicting fear and disgust, which signaled an environmental threat, into a browser security warning. An fMRI study (N=23) revealed activity located in the right amygdala to be differentially associated among warnings with integrated expressions of fear, disgust, and neutral emotions compared to faceless stimuli. Behavioral measures of response time and selfreported attention were also supportive of the hypotheses. We also propose a follow-up field study using Mechanical Turk to corroborate the fMRI findings. Our ...
Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 2019
Although many business schools have started to offer business analytics programs and courses for ... more Although many business schools have started to offer business analytics programs and courses for their MBA students, there is a lack of understanding of how these efforts translate into job market gains for their graduates, and whether the playing field is level for all business schools. To bridge this gap, we use signaling theory to investigate the impacts of the business analytics breadth (BAB) level and university ranking of MBA programs on graduates' future employment success in terms of salary and job placement. We collected and analyzed data on business analytics relevant courses offered by the top 89 business schools in the United States, as listed on bloomberg.com. Findings revealed the vital role of university ranking in determining the efficacy of BAB to produce job market gains for students; university ranking moderated the effect of business analytics offerings on post-graduation salary and job placement. These findings provide interesting insights for researchers and business schools interested in understanding the return on investment in business analytics programs.
Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 2002
Human Computer Interaction(HCI) or Human Factors studies in MIS are concerned with the ways human... more Human Computer Interaction(HCI) or Human Factors studies in MIS are concerned with the ways humans interact with information, technologies, and tasks, especially in business, managerial, organizational, and cultural contexts. This article describes the existence and importance of HCI research in the MIS discipline, its historical development, some of its characteristics, publication opportunities, and future research directions. It is believed that HCI is the subject of a strong research stream in MIS, and will continue to be strong in the foreseeable future. It is hoped that HCI studies can provide the evolution of the human centered technology development that enhances our work/job, our various needs, our organizations, our societies, and ourselves.