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Papers by Garba Yunusa

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of the clinico-anatomical relationships between Onodi cells, optic nerve, and the sphenoid sinus, using tomographic imaging

African Journal of Neurological Sciences, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Correlation between radiographic adenoidnasopharyngeal ratio and clinical symptoms of adenoid hypertrophy in a tertiary health institution in North West Nigeria

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2022

Background: Adenoid hypertrophy is the most common cause of nasopharyngeal airway obstruction in ... more Background: Adenoid hypertrophy is the most common cause of nasopharyngeal airway obstruction in children. The radiographic evaluation of the adenoid hypertrophy using the adenoid-nasopharyngeal ratio is a simple, economical, and reliable method in determination of the position, size, and shape of the adenoids. Aims and Objectives: The study was conducted to determine the correlation between radiographic adenoid-nasopharyngeal ratio and clinical symptoms of adenoid hypertrophy. Materials and Methods: This crosssectional prospective study was carried out in the Department of Radiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, North West Nigeria. A total of 90 consecutive patients aged between 3 and 12 years with clinical symptoms of adenoid hypertrophy were included in the study. All the patients had plain radiography of the post-nasal space. The adenoid-nasopharyngeal ratio (ANR), which is the ratio of the adenoid thickness measured from the maximum convexity of the ad...

Research paper thumbnail of Morphology and Morphometric Study of the Lateral Ventricles Using Computerized Tomography

Journal of medicine in the tropics, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus in Nigeria: a Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: Hepatitis C virus infection is a major cause of liver cirrhosis and is responsible fo... more Background: Hepatitis C virus infection is a major cause of liver cirrhosis and is responsible for a quarter of all cases of liver cancers. Globally, about 71 million people are estimated to have chronic hepatitis C, with nearly 399,000 people dying from this infection, essentially due to liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. However, the exact pooled prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Nigeria is unknown, hence the burden of the disease has not been adequately estimated. Methods: A search strategy is developed using MeSH, text words, and entry terms. Nine databases will be searched, including PubMed, African Journals Online (AJOL), Embase, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, and ResearchGate. Eligible studies will be a) observational studies; b) published or retrievable in the English language; c) must have been conducted in Nigeria, and d) must report the main measurable outcome which is the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Nigeria.

Research paper thumbnail of Baseline chest radiographic findings among HIV positive adults in a poor resource economy

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection has been known to pose one of the most f... more Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection has been known to pose one of the most formidable challenges to progress and development. It is a public health burden associated with high morbidity. Chest radiograph is an important tool in manifesting some of the findings associated with HIV. Aims and Objectives: To determine the baseline chest radiographic findings among HIV positive adults in a poor resource economy. Materials and Methods: 140 Newly diagnosed adult HIV positive, HAART naïve, participants were recruited in the Radiology Department of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) Sokoto and had their chest radiograph done using Silhoutte VR System GE diagnostic x-ray equipment. The processed radiographs were viewed using an illuminated viewing box and then reported by the investigator and cross-checked by another consultant Radiologist. Data collated was analysed using SPSS version 23. Results: The study showed female to male ratio of 2.2: 1. Normal...

Research paper thumbnail of The Prevalence of the Absence of the Occipital (Posterior) Horns of the Lateral Ventricles among Nigerians (2003 - 2008) using Computerised Tomography

This study undertakes a five-year retrospective study on the prevalence of absence of occipital h... more This study undertakes a five-year retrospective study on the prevalence of absence of occipital horns among Nigerians. All available brain CT scans of subjects done in the Radiology Department of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) Sokoto, Nigeria, from 2003 - 2008 (a 5-year period) and reported as normal by the Radiologist, were recruited for the study. The study reveals amidst others that occipital horns were absent in 33.6% images of the subjects reviewed in the study. Bilateral absence occurs in 21.7% of the subjects; of this 15.8% were males while 5.9% were females. Right occipital horn was absent in 5.3% of males and 1.31% of females, whereas, left occipital horn was absent in 1.3% of males and 5.9% of females. Unilateral absence occurs more on the right side of the subjects than on the left side. It is therefore concluded that the prevalence of the absence of the occipital (posterior) horns of the lateral ventricles is statistically significant.

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Para-Aortic Lymphadenopathy in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer using Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Study

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2020

Introduction: Determination of status of Para-Aortic Lymph Node (PALN) in patients with cervical ... more Introduction: Determination of status of Para-Aortic Lymph Node (PALN) in patients with cervical cancer is one of the most important factors guiding the treatment. It is essential in determining individualised therapy and prognosis. Aim: To assess the prevalence of para-aortic lymphadenopathy among patients with advanced cervical carcinoma referred for radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of patients referred to Radiotherapy and Oncology Department of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria was carried out. Patient demographics, history of co-morbid conditions, histology, stage at diagnosis, and Computed Tomographic (CT) scan findings of enlarged PALN greater or equal to 10 mm in short axis diameter were retrieved. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS statistics version 23. Results: A total of 220 patients, age range 27-84 years with mean age 49.95±11.96 years were studied. The histological diagnosis were squamous cell carcinoma in 182 (87.2%...

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of the impact of the application single photon emission computerized tomography and SPECT-CT on lesion catergorization

Objectives: To assess initial experience with the use of a new SPECT-CT in the evaluation of lesi... more Objectives: To assess initial experience with the use of a new SPECT-CT in the evaluation of lesions. Methods: The folder number, radiopharmaceutical used and type of scan of patients examined with a new Siemens T6 SPECT-CT between 2 April and 31 December 2013 were retrieved. The number of 99m Tc-MDP bone scans was sufficient for a detailed analysis. The scans were reprocessed and reported by the observer before he was given any clinical information. Whole body planar, whole body planar plus SPECT and whole body planar plus SPECT-CT images were assessed successively in three separate sessions at least two weeks apart. At each session, the certainties of detection, localisation, and categorisation of each lesion were recorded. Results: A total of 539 lesions were seen on the whole body, SPECT and CT images in 133 patients. The whole body images showed no lesions in three patients and 378 lesions in 130 patients, 117(31%) lesions in areas not covered by the SPECT. SPECT detected 122 additional lesions in 79 patients. Thirty-nine (12.2%) lesions were seen only on CT in 32 (24.1%) patients. For the 261 lesions seen on the planar images in the SPECT FOV, lesion detection was definite in 233 (89.3%), localisation definite in 151(57.9%) and categorisation definite in 123 (47.1%) lesions. On the SPECT, definite lesion detection, localisation and categorisation were recorded respectively for 259 (99.2%), 228 (87.4%) and 176 (67.4%) of the 261 lesions. Lesion detection, localisation and categorisation certainties were definite for 100%, 99.1% and 94.7% of the SPECT-CT lesions respectively.

Research paper thumbnail of Morphological variation of third ventricle using computerized tomography among different gender and age groups: A 5-year retrospective study in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, North - West Nigeria

Sahel Medical Journal, 2013

Background: Many methods have been described for measurements of the third ventricle as a means o... more Background: Many methods have been described for measurements of the third ventricle as a means of evaluating brain atrophy during the normal aging process and disease. Enlargement of the cerebral ventricles is one of the most frequently replicated neurobiological findings in schizophrenia. The aim of this morphological study was to examine the range in the normal size of the third ventricle of individuals living in Sokoto and to assess its association with gender and age. Materials and Methods: All available brain CT in the Radiology Department of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) Sokoto, Nigeria, from 2007 to 2012 (a 5-year period) and reported as normal by the radiologist were recruited for the study. Films were viewed on the computer monitor. Measurements were made with Dragon V 3.1.1 Philips and Neusoft Medical System Company Limited software; the software provides a meter rule with which measurements were done. Results: A total of 252 CT scan images where used in the study. Of this number, 156 (61.9%) were CT scan images of males and 96 (38.1%) were CT scan images of females. The mean width was 8.38 mm and mean anteroposterior length was 12.16 mm. These differences were statistically significant, P = 0.0209 < (0.05). Conclusion: Our findings provide a base line data for the measurement of the third ventricles using CT scans in our environment and this may be applied in various clinical conditions involving the third ventricle.

Research paper thumbnail of Predictors of 30 days outcome of patients with acute stroke in Sokoto

Sahel Medical Journal, 2011

Background: Though the epidemiologic profile of patients with acute stroke has been described in ... more Background: Though the epidemiologic profile of patients with acute stroke has been described in the sub Sahara African region, little is known about predictors of mortality in patients with acute stroke. This study aimed to determine the predictors of 30-day mortality of acute stroke so that early therapeutic measures could be instituted to improve functional outcome. Methods: Case records of patients admitted from January 2007 to December 2009 with clinical diagnosis of stroke were retrieved. Relevant clinical data were extracted using structured questionnaire. Results: A total of 370 case files with clinical diagnosis of stroke were traced but only 260 had complete information. The mean age of patients was 55.7±14.3 years; Hypertension was the most common modifiable risk factor for stroke followed by diabetes mellitus. The 24-hour and 30-day case fatalities were 11.9% and 38.4%, respectively. Predictors of 30-day mortality were admission blood glucose, level of consciousness and age at stroke. Conclusion: The 30-day case fatality of acute stroke was high and predictors of outcome included old age reduced level of consciousness and elevated blood glucose at presentation.

Research paper thumbnail of Tubal abnormalities on hysterosalphingography in primary and secondary infertility in Sokoto, Northwestern-Nigeria

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2014

Background: Hysterosalphingography (HSG) remains a vital method of assessing tubal patency especi... more Background: Hysterosalphingography (HSG) remains a vital method of assessing tubal patency especially in a resource limited setting such as ours and tubal occlusion is the commonest cause of female infertility in the developing world. Objective: To review abnormal tubal pathological findings in hysterosalphingography (HSG) among women being investigated for primary and secondary infertility in Sokoto. Method: This is a retrospective review of HSG results of 317 women being investigated for both primary and secondary infertility was reviewed. The study was conducted from July 2009 to August 2012. Results: A total of 317 patients were studied. The age ranges of the study participants was from 17 - 48 years with a mean and standard deviation value of 32.5 ± 5.5. Out of the sample size, 139 (43.85%) showed normal HSG findings while 178 (56.15%) patients had abnormal HSG findings. Tubal abnormalities were found in 112 (35.33%) of the patients. The commonest tubal abnormality was tubal bl...

Research paper thumbnail of Pattern of computerized tomography of the brain findings in stroke patients in Sokoto, northwestern Nigeria

Annals of African Medicine, 2014

Stroke is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therapeutic decision regarding its... more Stroke is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therapeutic decision regarding its management requires prompt and accurate diagnosis as well as exclusion of other conditions mimicking this condition. Computerized tomography (CT) scan has been found to be the gold standard in distinguishing primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) from cerebral infarction (CI). A retrospective review of CT findings in 128 patients who presented in the Radiology Department of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital with clinical diagnosis of stroke was undertaken over a period of 1 year (from December 2008 to November 2009). The following data were recorded; age, sex, clinical diagnosis, and CT findings. All the CT examinations were performed on a Neusoft C3000 multidetector spiral CT. Evaluation was done by consultant radiologists in the department. Of the 128 patients seen within the period under review, 84 (65.6%) were males while 44 (34.4%) were females. Age range was 4-85 years (mean 49.52, standard deviation (SD) 15.11), while 61 (47.7%) of the patients were in the age group of 41-60 years. Eighty-six patients (67.1%) had cerebral infarction, 38 (29.7%) had intracerebral hemorrhage, while one (0.01%) had subarachnoid hemorrhage. Three patients (0.02%) had normal brain CT findings. Cerebral infarction is the most common form of stroke in this study. CT is essential in establishing the type of stroke, which subsequently determines the type of intervention as well as follow-up evaluation the patient may require.

Research paper thumbnail of Transabdominal ultrasonographic findings in children with sickle cell anemia in Sokoto, North-Western Nigeria

Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences, 2012

Background: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited disease caused by production of abnormal hem... more Background: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited disease caused by production of abnormal hemoglobin chains within the red blood cell. In Nigeria, West Africa, the incidence of SCA is 3%. The most common abdominal manifestations include abdominal pain (mesenteric crisis), hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, autosplenomegaly, and cholelithiasis. Objective: To evaluate the abnormal transabdominal ultrasonographic (TAUS) findings in children with sickle cell anemia in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Pediatric patients with SCA attending the sickle cell clinic at the Department of Pediatrics, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto were scanned at the Radiology Department of the Hospital by transabdominal ultrasonography (TAUS) using Apogee 800 plus Ultrasound scanner with a variable frequency probes at 5-12 MHz. The patients were in their steady states. They were also screened for viral hepatitis B and C. Results: The commonest TAUS findings in this study was hepatomegaly in 70 (98.6%) patients followed by splenomegaly in 15 (21.1%), autosplenomegaly in 3 (4.2%), and gallbladder sludge in 2 (2.8%) patients. Conclusion: Transabdominal ultrasonographic imaging of patients with sickle cell anemia revealed a high prevalence of abdominal abnormalities, especially of the liver, spleen, and gallbladder.

Research paper thumbnail of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome: Surgical management of two cases

Journal of Surgical Technique and Case Report, 2010

Case 1 FAA was a 24-year-old student, referred to our unit with complaints of primary amenorrhea.... more Case 1 FAA was a 24-year-old student, referred to our unit with complaints of primary amenorrhea. There was no history of associated periodic lower abdominal pain or urinary symptoms. She was said to have had delayed development of secondary sexual characters compared to her siblings, but no history of sexual exposure. The patient had no significant past medical history and no history of a similar problem in the family. Examination showed a young female patient with normal secondary sex characters and well-developed breasts (Tanner stage 4). She had normal axillary and pubic hair distribution and had no palpable abdominal masses. Vaginal examination showed normal vulva and urethral meatus, but a short (3 cm) blind ending vagina [Figure 1]. An abdominal ultrasound scan showed an enlarged right kidney, with a moderate hydrocalicosis and hydroureter. The left kidney was not visualized. The uterus was not demonstrated. Intravenous urography showed a low

Research paper thumbnail of Medical record system in Nigeria: observations from multicentre auditing of radiographic requests and patients' information documentation practices

Age, 2011

... Bidemi Akinlade5, Bello M Suleman6, Inyang Uyobong1 1 Department of Radiology, Federal Medica... more ... Bidemi Akinlade5, Bello M Suleman6, Inyang Uyobong1 1 Department of Radiology, Federal Medical Centre Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria 2 Department of Radiology, Usman Danfodio University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria 3 Department of Radiology Aminu Kano ...

Research paper thumbnail of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data Systems category 3 (probably benign) breast lesions detected on diagnostic breast ultrasound: The prevalence, outcome and malignancy detection rate in Zaria, Nigeria

South African Journal of Radiology, 2018

Background: Probably benign breast lesions in the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (BI-R... more Background: Probably benign breast lesions in the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (BI-RADS 3) constitute a crucial category and a considerable number of all palpable breast masses. Local data concerning the outcome of such lesions in the Nigerian environment is almost non-existent.Objectives: The goal of this article is to report the frequency, outcome and malignancy detection rate among palpable breast masses that were categorised on ultrasound as BI-RADS category 3 (probably benign) according to the American College of Radiology (ACR).Methods: Between January 2015 and July 2017, 603 patients had diagnostic whole-breast ultrasound scans. There were 277 women who complained of palpable breast masses, of whom 151 women were diagnosed as having BI-RADS 3 lesions. The final lesion outcome was determined by either biopsy or ultrasound follow-up examination for a total of 2 years. All data were recorded and analysed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versio...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of age-based radiation dose in paediatric patients received from head CT examination at a tertiary hospital, Nigeria

Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2021

Abstract Paediatric computed tomography (CT) imaging though requested less than adult CT but has ... more Abstract Paediatric computed tomography (CT) imaging though requested less than adult CT but has shown remarkable growth with raising concerns of increased radiation risk to the paediatric population. This study aims to evaluate age-based radiation dose from paediatric head CT scans at a single centre in Nigeria. This study evaluated 233 paediatric aged 0‒15 years and were classified into four age groups; Group 1 (≤1 year), Group 2 (2‒5 years), Group 3 (6‒10 years) and Group 4 (11‒15 years). Patient dose and related scanning protocol data were retrospectively retrieved from the CT scanner. The local dose values were calculated as 25th and 75th percentiles of the distribution of the volume CT dose index (CTDIvol), dose length product (DLP) and effective dose per age-group. These values were compared with the recommended international diagnostic reference levels (DRLs). The estimated dose values were within limits for the youngest age group (≤1 year old) but showed a clear trend towards higher doses for other age groups as compared with DRLs. The relative difference for CTDIvol and DLP were ranged between 0‒45% and 8– 64%, respectively. The largest difference in DRLs was seen in Group 3 and 4. The dose values were increased with the increasing age; Group 1 received the lowest doses (20mGy, 345 mGy.cm, and 3.2 mSv) and Group 4 received the highest doses (61 mGy, 1497 mGy.cm, and 4.4 mSv). The local doses were substantially higher than the international DRLs values except for age group ≤ 1 year, demonstrating a necessity for dose optimization and modification of current acquisition technique towards the reduction of radiation dose among paediatric population.

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of 99mTc-PSMA SPECT/CT and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in patients with prostate cancer: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 2021

A wide range of nuclear imaging probes have been developed to address different metabolic process... more A wide range of nuclear imaging probes have been developed to address different metabolic processes and cell receptors in prostate cancer patients using positron emission techniques to aid diagnosis, staging, and monitoring for recurrence after treatment. While 68Ga PSMA is a generator-derived PET radiopharmaceutical, SPECT/CT imaging using technetium-99m-labeled PSMA is now available as a suitable alternative. The aim of this study is to compare the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 99mTc-PSMA SPECT/CT and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in patients with prostate cancer. A search strategy was developed using text words, MeSH, and entry terms. The following databases will be searched: PubMed, African Journals Online (AJOL), Embase, Google scholar, ResearchGate, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria include (a) all studies that are published or retrievable in English language, (b) observat...

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of the impact of application of single-photon emission computed tomography and SPECT-CT on lesion categorisation in bone scintigraphy

South African Journal of Radiology, 2016

Objectives: To assess initial experience with the use of a new single-photon emission computed to... more Objectives: To assess initial experience with the use of a new single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) in the evaluation of lesions.Methods: The folder number, radiopharmaceutical used and type of scan of patients examined with a new Siemens T6 SPECT-CT between 02 April 2016 and 31 December 2013 were retrieved. The number of 99mTc-MDP bone scans was sufficient for a detailed analysis. The scans were re-processed and reported by the observer before he was given any clinical information. Whole body planar, whole body planar plus SPECT and whole body planar plus SPECT-CT images were assessed successively in three separate sessions at least 2 weeks apart. At each session, the certainties of detection, localisation and categorisation of each lesion were recorded.Results: A total of 539 lesions were seen on the whole body, SPECT and computed tomography (CT) images in 133 patients. The whole body images showed no lesions in 3 patients and 378 lesions in 13...

Research paper thumbnail of Metastatic papillary carcinoma of the thyroid in a patient previously treated for Graves′ disease

Annals of African Medicine, 2014

Incidental papillary carcinoma of the thyroid in patients treated surgically for benign thyroid d... more Incidental papillary carcinoma of the thyroid in patients treated surgically for benign thyroid diseases including Graves' disease is a known phenomenon. However, the management of these patients remains an issue of concern and controversy for those who care for them. We report a case of metastatic paillary carcinoma of the thyroid in a patient previously treated for Graves' disease. The subject of this presentation is a 50-year-old lady who was diagnosed with Graves' disease at the age of 29, for which she had a subtotal thyroidectomy following failure of medical and radioactive iodine treatment. Three years later, the patient was referred to our nuclear medicine department with a clinical diagnosis of suspected metastatic lymph nodes presumably from a thyroid malignancy.She had an 123I diagnostic whole body scan that showed 123I avid areas in the thyroid bed as well as left cervical lymph nodes, which later turned out to be metastatic papillary carcinoma of the thyroid on histology. She was treated with therapeutic doses of 131I. Follow-up radioactive iodine scans and serum thyroglobulin assays showed no evidence of malignant thyroid tissue. The occurrence of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid after a subtotal thyroidectomy for Graves' disease is hereby reported. The need for vigilance and regular follow-up in patients who receive all forms of treatment for benign thyroid diseases is emphasized.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of the clinico-anatomical relationships between Onodi cells, optic nerve, and the sphenoid sinus, using tomographic imaging

African Journal of Neurological Sciences, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Correlation between radiographic adenoidnasopharyngeal ratio and clinical symptoms of adenoid hypertrophy in a tertiary health institution in North West Nigeria

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2022

Background: Adenoid hypertrophy is the most common cause of nasopharyngeal airway obstruction in ... more Background: Adenoid hypertrophy is the most common cause of nasopharyngeal airway obstruction in children. The radiographic evaluation of the adenoid hypertrophy using the adenoid-nasopharyngeal ratio is a simple, economical, and reliable method in determination of the position, size, and shape of the adenoids. Aims and Objectives: The study was conducted to determine the correlation between radiographic adenoid-nasopharyngeal ratio and clinical symptoms of adenoid hypertrophy. Materials and Methods: This crosssectional prospective study was carried out in the Department of Radiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, North West Nigeria. A total of 90 consecutive patients aged between 3 and 12 years with clinical symptoms of adenoid hypertrophy were included in the study. All the patients had plain radiography of the post-nasal space. The adenoid-nasopharyngeal ratio (ANR), which is the ratio of the adenoid thickness measured from the maximum convexity of the ad...

Research paper thumbnail of Morphology and Morphometric Study of the Lateral Ventricles Using Computerized Tomography

Journal of medicine in the tropics, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus in Nigeria: a Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: Hepatitis C virus infection is a major cause of liver cirrhosis and is responsible fo... more Background: Hepatitis C virus infection is a major cause of liver cirrhosis and is responsible for a quarter of all cases of liver cancers. Globally, about 71 million people are estimated to have chronic hepatitis C, with nearly 399,000 people dying from this infection, essentially due to liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. However, the exact pooled prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Nigeria is unknown, hence the burden of the disease has not been adequately estimated. Methods: A search strategy is developed using MeSH, text words, and entry terms. Nine databases will be searched, including PubMed, African Journals Online (AJOL), Embase, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, and ResearchGate. Eligible studies will be a) observational studies; b) published or retrievable in the English language; c) must have been conducted in Nigeria, and d) must report the main measurable outcome which is the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Nigeria.

Research paper thumbnail of Baseline chest radiographic findings among HIV positive adults in a poor resource economy

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection has been known to pose one of the most f... more Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection has been known to pose one of the most formidable challenges to progress and development. It is a public health burden associated with high morbidity. Chest radiograph is an important tool in manifesting some of the findings associated with HIV. Aims and Objectives: To determine the baseline chest radiographic findings among HIV positive adults in a poor resource economy. Materials and Methods: 140 Newly diagnosed adult HIV positive, HAART naïve, participants were recruited in the Radiology Department of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) Sokoto and had their chest radiograph done using Silhoutte VR System GE diagnostic x-ray equipment. The processed radiographs were viewed using an illuminated viewing box and then reported by the investigator and cross-checked by another consultant Radiologist. Data collated was analysed using SPSS version 23. Results: The study showed female to male ratio of 2.2: 1. Normal...

Research paper thumbnail of The Prevalence of the Absence of the Occipital (Posterior) Horns of the Lateral Ventricles among Nigerians (2003 - 2008) using Computerised Tomography

This study undertakes a five-year retrospective study on the prevalence of absence of occipital h... more This study undertakes a five-year retrospective study on the prevalence of absence of occipital horns among Nigerians. All available brain CT scans of subjects done in the Radiology Department of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) Sokoto, Nigeria, from 2003 - 2008 (a 5-year period) and reported as normal by the Radiologist, were recruited for the study. The study reveals amidst others that occipital horns were absent in 33.6% images of the subjects reviewed in the study. Bilateral absence occurs in 21.7% of the subjects; of this 15.8% were males while 5.9% were females. Right occipital horn was absent in 5.3% of males and 1.31% of females, whereas, left occipital horn was absent in 1.3% of males and 5.9% of females. Unilateral absence occurs more on the right side of the subjects than on the left side. It is therefore concluded that the prevalence of the absence of the occipital (posterior) horns of the lateral ventricles is statistically significant.

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Para-Aortic Lymphadenopathy in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer using Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Study

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2020

Introduction: Determination of status of Para-Aortic Lymph Node (PALN) in patients with cervical ... more Introduction: Determination of status of Para-Aortic Lymph Node (PALN) in patients with cervical cancer is one of the most important factors guiding the treatment. It is essential in determining individualised therapy and prognosis. Aim: To assess the prevalence of para-aortic lymphadenopathy among patients with advanced cervical carcinoma referred for radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of patients referred to Radiotherapy and Oncology Department of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria was carried out. Patient demographics, history of co-morbid conditions, histology, stage at diagnosis, and Computed Tomographic (CT) scan findings of enlarged PALN greater or equal to 10 mm in short axis diameter were retrieved. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS statistics version 23. Results: A total of 220 patients, age range 27-84 years with mean age 49.95±11.96 years were studied. The histological diagnosis were squamous cell carcinoma in 182 (87.2%...

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of the impact of the application single photon emission computerized tomography and SPECT-CT on lesion catergorization

Objectives: To assess initial experience with the use of a new SPECT-CT in the evaluation of lesi... more Objectives: To assess initial experience with the use of a new SPECT-CT in the evaluation of lesions. Methods: The folder number, radiopharmaceutical used and type of scan of patients examined with a new Siemens T6 SPECT-CT between 2 April and 31 December 2013 were retrieved. The number of 99m Tc-MDP bone scans was sufficient for a detailed analysis. The scans were reprocessed and reported by the observer before he was given any clinical information. Whole body planar, whole body planar plus SPECT and whole body planar plus SPECT-CT images were assessed successively in three separate sessions at least two weeks apart. At each session, the certainties of detection, localisation, and categorisation of each lesion were recorded. Results: A total of 539 lesions were seen on the whole body, SPECT and CT images in 133 patients. The whole body images showed no lesions in three patients and 378 lesions in 130 patients, 117(31%) lesions in areas not covered by the SPECT. SPECT detected 122 additional lesions in 79 patients. Thirty-nine (12.2%) lesions were seen only on CT in 32 (24.1%) patients. For the 261 lesions seen on the planar images in the SPECT FOV, lesion detection was definite in 233 (89.3%), localisation definite in 151(57.9%) and categorisation definite in 123 (47.1%) lesions. On the SPECT, definite lesion detection, localisation and categorisation were recorded respectively for 259 (99.2%), 228 (87.4%) and 176 (67.4%) of the 261 lesions. Lesion detection, localisation and categorisation certainties were definite for 100%, 99.1% and 94.7% of the SPECT-CT lesions respectively.

Research paper thumbnail of Morphological variation of third ventricle using computerized tomography among different gender and age groups: A 5-year retrospective study in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, North - West Nigeria

Sahel Medical Journal, 2013

Background: Many methods have been described for measurements of the third ventricle as a means o... more Background: Many methods have been described for measurements of the third ventricle as a means of evaluating brain atrophy during the normal aging process and disease. Enlargement of the cerebral ventricles is one of the most frequently replicated neurobiological findings in schizophrenia. The aim of this morphological study was to examine the range in the normal size of the third ventricle of individuals living in Sokoto and to assess its association with gender and age. Materials and Methods: All available brain CT in the Radiology Department of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) Sokoto, Nigeria, from 2007 to 2012 (a 5-year period) and reported as normal by the radiologist were recruited for the study. Films were viewed on the computer monitor. Measurements were made with Dragon V 3.1.1 Philips and Neusoft Medical System Company Limited software; the software provides a meter rule with which measurements were done. Results: A total of 252 CT scan images where used in the study. Of this number, 156 (61.9%) were CT scan images of males and 96 (38.1%) were CT scan images of females. The mean width was 8.38 mm and mean anteroposterior length was 12.16 mm. These differences were statistically significant, P = 0.0209 < (0.05). Conclusion: Our findings provide a base line data for the measurement of the third ventricles using CT scans in our environment and this may be applied in various clinical conditions involving the third ventricle.

Research paper thumbnail of Predictors of 30 days outcome of patients with acute stroke in Sokoto

Sahel Medical Journal, 2011

Background: Though the epidemiologic profile of patients with acute stroke has been described in ... more Background: Though the epidemiologic profile of patients with acute stroke has been described in the sub Sahara African region, little is known about predictors of mortality in patients with acute stroke. This study aimed to determine the predictors of 30-day mortality of acute stroke so that early therapeutic measures could be instituted to improve functional outcome. Methods: Case records of patients admitted from January 2007 to December 2009 with clinical diagnosis of stroke were retrieved. Relevant clinical data were extracted using structured questionnaire. Results: A total of 370 case files with clinical diagnosis of stroke were traced but only 260 had complete information. The mean age of patients was 55.7±14.3 years; Hypertension was the most common modifiable risk factor for stroke followed by diabetes mellitus. The 24-hour and 30-day case fatalities were 11.9% and 38.4%, respectively. Predictors of 30-day mortality were admission blood glucose, level of consciousness and age at stroke. Conclusion: The 30-day case fatality of acute stroke was high and predictors of outcome included old age reduced level of consciousness and elevated blood glucose at presentation.

Research paper thumbnail of Tubal abnormalities on hysterosalphingography in primary and secondary infertility in Sokoto, Northwestern-Nigeria

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2014

Background: Hysterosalphingography (HSG) remains a vital method of assessing tubal patency especi... more Background: Hysterosalphingography (HSG) remains a vital method of assessing tubal patency especially in a resource limited setting such as ours and tubal occlusion is the commonest cause of female infertility in the developing world. Objective: To review abnormal tubal pathological findings in hysterosalphingography (HSG) among women being investigated for primary and secondary infertility in Sokoto. Method: This is a retrospective review of HSG results of 317 women being investigated for both primary and secondary infertility was reviewed. The study was conducted from July 2009 to August 2012. Results: A total of 317 patients were studied. The age ranges of the study participants was from 17 - 48 years with a mean and standard deviation value of 32.5 ± 5.5. Out of the sample size, 139 (43.85%) showed normal HSG findings while 178 (56.15%) patients had abnormal HSG findings. Tubal abnormalities were found in 112 (35.33%) of the patients. The commonest tubal abnormality was tubal bl...

Research paper thumbnail of Pattern of computerized tomography of the brain findings in stroke patients in Sokoto, northwestern Nigeria

Annals of African Medicine, 2014

Stroke is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therapeutic decision regarding its... more Stroke is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therapeutic decision regarding its management requires prompt and accurate diagnosis as well as exclusion of other conditions mimicking this condition. Computerized tomography (CT) scan has been found to be the gold standard in distinguishing primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) from cerebral infarction (CI). A retrospective review of CT findings in 128 patients who presented in the Radiology Department of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital with clinical diagnosis of stroke was undertaken over a period of 1 year (from December 2008 to November 2009). The following data were recorded; age, sex, clinical diagnosis, and CT findings. All the CT examinations were performed on a Neusoft C3000 multidetector spiral CT. Evaluation was done by consultant radiologists in the department. Of the 128 patients seen within the period under review, 84 (65.6%) were males while 44 (34.4%) were females. Age range was 4-85 years (mean 49.52, standard deviation (SD) 15.11), while 61 (47.7%) of the patients were in the age group of 41-60 years. Eighty-six patients (67.1%) had cerebral infarction, 38 (29.7%) had intracerebral hemorrhage, while one (0.01%) had subarachnoid hemorrhage. Three patients (0.02%) had normal brain CT findings. Cerebral infarction is the most common form of stroke in this study. CT is essential in establishing the type of stroke, which subsequently determines the type of intervention as well as follow-up evaluation the patient may require.

Research paper thumbnail of Transabdominal ultrasonographic findings in children with sickle cell anemia in Sokoto, North-Western Nigeria

Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences, 2012

Background: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited disease caused by production of abnormal hem... more Background: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited disease caused by production of abnormal hemoglobin chains within the red blood cell. In Nigeria, West Africa, the incidence of SCA is 3%. The most common abdominal manifestations include abdominal pain (mesenteric crisis), hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, autosplenomegaly, and cholelithiasis. Objective: To evaluate the abnormal transabdominal ultrasonographic (TAUS) findings in children with sickle cell anemia in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Pediatric patients with SCA attending the sickle cell clinic at the Department of Pediatrics, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto were scanned at the Radiology Department of the Hospital by transabdominal ultrasonography (TAUS) using Apogee 800 plus Ultrasound scanner with a variable frequency probes at 5-12 MHz. The patients were in their steady states. They were also screened for viral hepatitis B and C. Results: The commonest TAUS findings in this study was hepatomegaly in 70 (98.6%) patients followed by splenomegaly in 15 (21.1%), autosplenomegaly in 3 (4.2%), and gallbladder sludge in 2 (2.8%) patients. Conclusion: Transabdominal ultrasonographic imaging of patients with sickle cell anemia revealed a high prevalence of abdominal abnormalities, especially of the liver, spleen, and gallbladder.

Research paper thumbnail of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome: Surgical management of two cases

Journal of Surgical Technique and Case Report, 2010

Case 1 FAA was a 24-year-old student, referred to our unit with complaints of primary amenorrhea.... more Case 1 FAA was a 24-year-old student, referred to our unit with complaints of primary amenorrhea. There was no history of associated periodic lower abdominal pain or urinary symptoms. She was said to have had delayed development of secondary sexual characters compared to her siblings, but no history of sexual exposure. The patient had no significant past medical history and no history of a similar problem in the family. Examination showed a young female patient with normal secondary sex characters and well-developed breasts (Tanner stage 4). She had normal axillary and pubic hair distribution and had no palpable abdominal masses. Vaginal examination showed normal vulva and urethral meatus, but a short (3 cm) blind ending vagina [Figure 1]. An abdominal ultrasound scan showed an enlarged right kidney, with a moderate hydrocalicosis and hydroureter. The left kidney was not visualized. The uterus was not demonstrated. Intravenous urography showed a low

Research paper thumbnail of Medical record system in Nigeria: observations from multicentre auditing of radiographic requests and patients' information documentation practices

Age, 2011

... Bidemi Akinlade5, Bello M Suleman6, Inyang Uyobong1 1 Department of Radiology, Federal Medica... more ... Bidemi Akinlade5, Bello M Suleman6, Inyang Uyobong1 1 Department of Radiology, Federal Medical Centre Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria 2 Department of Radiology, Usman Danfodio University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria 3 Department of Radiology Aminu Kano ...

Research paper thumbnail of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data Systems category 3 (probably benign) breast lesions detected on diagnostic breast ultrasound: The prevalence, outcome and malignancy detection rate in Zaria, Nigeria

South African Journal of Radiology, 2018

Background: Probably benign breast lesions in the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (BI-R... more Background: Probably benign breast lesions in the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (BI-RADS 3) constitute a crucial category and a considerable number of all palpable breast masses. Local data concerning the outcome of such lesions in the Nigerian environment is almost non-existent.Objectives: The goal of this article is to report the frequency, outcome and malignancy detection rate among palpable breast masses that were categorised on ultrasound as BI-RADS category 3 (probably benign) according to the American College of Radiology (ACR).Methods: Between January 2015 and July 2017, 603 patients had diagnostic whole-breast ultrasound scans. There were 277 women who complained of palpable breast masses, of whom 151 women were diagnosed as having BI-RADS 3 lesions. The final lesion outcome was determined by either biopsy or ultrasound follow-up examination for a total of 2 years. All data were recorded and analysed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versio...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of age-based radiation dose in paediatric patients received from head CT examination at a tertiary hospital, Nigeria

Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2021

Abstract Paediatric computed tomography (CT) imaging though requested less than adult CT but has ... more Abstract Paediatric computed tomography (CT) imaging though requested less than adult CT but has shown remarkable growth with raising concerns of increased radiation risk to the paediatric population. This study aims to evaluate age-based radiation dose from paediatric head CT scans at a single centre in Nigeria. This study evaluated 233 paediatric aged 0‒15 years and were classified into four age groups; Group 1 (≤1 year), Group 2 (2‒5 years), Group 3 (6‒10 years) and Group 4 (11‒15 years). Patient dose and related scanning protocol data were retrospectively retrieved from the CT scanner. The local dose values were calculated as 25th and 75th percentiles of the distribution of the volume CT dose index (CTDIvol), dose length product (DLP) and effective dose per age-group. These values were compared with the recommended international diagnostic reference levels (DRLs). The estimated dose values were within limits for the youngest age group (≤1 year old) but showed a clear trend towards higher doses for other age groups as compared with DRLs. The relative difference for CTDIvol and DLP were ranged between 0‒45% and 8– 64%, respectively. The largest difference in DRLs was seen in Group 3 and 4. The dose values were increased with the increasing age; Group 1 received the lowest doses (20mGy, 345 mGy.cm, and 3.2 mSv) and Group 4 received the highest doses (61 mGy, 1497 mGy.cm, and 4.4 mSv). The local doses were substantially higher than the international DRLs values except for age group ≤ 1 year, demonstrating a necessity for dose optimization and modification of current acquisition technique towards the reduction of radiation dose among paediatric population.

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of 99mTc-PSMA SPECT/CT and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in patients with prostate cancer: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 2021

A wide range of nuclear imaging probes have been developed to address different metabolic process... more A wide range of nuclear imaging probes have been developed to address different metabolic processes and cell receptors in prostate cancer patients using positron emission techniques to aid diagnosis, staging, and monitoring for recurrence after treatment. While 68Ga PSMA is a generator-derived PET radiopharmaceutical, SPECT/CT imaging using technetium-99m-labeled PSMA is now available as a suitable alternative. The aim of this study is to compare the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 99mTc-PSMA SPECT/CT and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in patients with prostate cancer. A search strategy was developed using text words, MeSH, and entry terms. The following databases will be searched: PubMed, African Journals Online (AJOL), Embase, Google scholar, ResearchGate, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria include (a) all studies that are published or retrievable in English language, (b) observat...

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of the impact of application of single-photon emission computed tomography and SPECT-CT on lesion categorisation in bone scintigraphy

South African Journal of Radiology, 2016

Objectives: To assess initial experience with the use of a new single-photon emission computed to... more Objectives: To assess initial experience with the use of a new single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) in the evaluation of lesions.Methods: The folder number, radiopharmaceutical used and type of scan of patients examined with a new Siemens T6 SPECT-CT between 02 April 2016 and 31 December 2013 were retrieved. The number of 99mTc-MDP bone scans was sufficient for a detailed analysis. The scans were re-processed and reported by the observer before he was given any clinical information. Whole body planar, whole body planar plus SPECT and whole body planar plus SPECT-CT images were assessed successively in three separate sessions at least 2 weeks apart. At each session, the certainties of detection, localisation and categorisation of each lesion were recorded.Results: A total of 539 lesions were seen on the whole body, SPECT and computed tomography (CT) images in 133 patients. The whole body images showed no lesions in 3 patients and 378 lesions in 13...

Research paper thumbnail of Metastatic papillary carcinoma of the thyroid in a patient previously treated for Graves′ disease

Annals of African Medicine, 2014

Incidental papillary carcinoma of the thyroid in patients treated surgically for benign thyroid d... more Incidental papillary carcinoma of the thyroid in patients treated surgically for benign thyroid diseases including Graves' disease is a known phenomenon. However, the management of these patients remains an issue of concern and controversy for those who care for them. We report a case of metastatic paillary carcinoma of the thyroid in a patient previously treated for Graves' disease. The subject of this presentation is a 50-year-old lady who was diagnosed with Graves' disease at the age of 29, for which she had a subtotal thyroidectomy following failure of medical and radioactive iodine treatment. Three years later, the patient was referred to our nuclear medicine department with a clinical diagnosis of suspected metastatic lymph nodes presumably from a thyroid malignancy.She had an 123I diagnostic whole body scan that showed 123I avid areas in the thyroid bed as well as left cervical lymph nodes, which later turned out to be metastatic papillary carcinoma of the thyroid on histology. She was treated with therapeutic doses of 131I. Follow-up radioactive iodine scans and serum thyroglobulin assays showed no evidence of malignant thyroid tissue. The occurrence of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid after a subtotal thyroidectomy for Graves' disease is hereby reported. The need for vigilance and regular follow-up in patients who receive all forms of treatment for benign thyroid diseases is emphasized.