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Papers by Teresa Garcia Martinez
BMC Public Health, 2012
Background: Malnutrition in dependent patients has a high prevalence and can influence the progno... more Background: Malnutrition in dependent patients has a high prevalence and can influence the prognosis associated with diverse pathologic processes, decrease quality of life, and increase morbidity-mortality and hospital admissions. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of an educational intervention for caregivers on the nutritional status of dependent patients at risk of malnutrition. Methods/Design: Intervention study with control group, randomly allocated, of 200 patients of the Home Care Program carried out in 8 Primary Care Centers (Spain). These patients are dependent and at risk of malnutrition, older than 65, and have caregivers. The socioeconomic and educational characteristics of the patient and the caregiver are recorded. On a schedule of 0-6-12 months, patients are evaluated as follows: Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), food intake, dentures, degree of dependency (Barthel test), cognitive state (Pfeiffer test), mood status (Yesavage test), and anthropometric and serum parameters of nutritional status: albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, haemoglobin, lymphocyte count, iron, and ferritin. Prior to the intervention, the educational procedure and the design of educational material are standardized among nurses. The nurses conduct an initial session for caregivers and then monitor the education impact at home every month (4 visits) up to 6 months. The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) methodology will be used. The investigators will study the effect of the intervention with caregivers on the patient's nutritional status using the MNA test, diet, anthropometry, and biochemical parameters. Bivariate normal test statistics and multivariate models will be created to adjust the effect of the intervention. The SPSS/PC program will be used for statistical analysis. Discussion: The nutritional status of dependent patients has been little studied. This study allows us to know nutritional risk from different points of view: diet, anthropometry and biochemistry in dependent patients at nutritional risk and to assess the effect of a nutritional education intervention. The design with random allocation, inclusion of all patients, validated methods, caregivers' education and standardization between nurses allows us to obtain valuable information about nutritional status and prevention.
Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 2015
Opportunistic infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. T... more Opportunistic infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) (cotrimoxazole) has been shown to dramatically reduce the risk of opportunistic infections, particularly Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and has been used extensively in their treatment and prevention (1). Since 2006, WHO has recommended cotrimoxazole preventive therapy for all HIV-exposed infants and children born to mothers living with HIV, and continuing until cessation of risk of HIV transmission (cessation of breastfeeding) and infection can be exclude (2). In HIV-infected patients, cotrimoxazole use causes a higher rate of adverse drug reactions than in the general population (20-100% compared with 5-8% of healthy individuals) (3,4). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2010
A straightforward, template-free chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline was used to prepare... more A straightforward, template-free chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline was used to prepare nanofibrillar polyaniline (nf-PANI) and a set of corresponding composites with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). All the products showed remarkable water dispersibility since they are formed by hydrophilic particles of nanometric size. A comparative study performed on composites in a wide range of MWNT loadings has led to two main conclusions: on one hand, the presence of MWNTs affects neither the chemical structure nor the crystallinity of polyaniline. On the other hand, even small amounts of MWNTs have a significant effect on the morphology of polyaniline in composites. This effect is noticeable not only in electron microscopy images but also in the UV-vis absorbance of water dispersions and electrical conductivity behavior in the solid state. Competition between nucleation sites during polymerization is proposed as an explanation for these phenomena.
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2011
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2007
Electrodes have been processed as composites from mixtures of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWC... more Electrodes have been processed as composites from mixtures of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and a commercial activated carbon (MAXSORB). SWCNT shows higher electric conductivity and lower specific capacitance compared to MAXSORB. The relative content of the two carbons has been varied in the range 0-100 wt %. With the processed electrodes super-capacitor cells have been assembled. The cells have been studied at room temperature by ac and dc measurements. The dependences of the real capacitance (C') and the imaginary capacitance (C") as functions of the angular frequency (ω) have been analyzed on the basis of a model we propose. Cell resistance and cell capacitance decrease as the SWCNT content increases according to the percolation model and rule of mixtures, respectively. Two relaxation times, one longer (of the order of 1-10 s) and the other shorter (of the order of 10 -6 ¯10 -5 s) have been found and discussed. The capacitance measured by dc has been compared with the capacitance measured by ac, and a discussion has been set up on the basis of the longer relaxation time determined by ac and the discharge time determined by dc. Power attains a maximum value for a certain SWCNT content.
Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2012
ABSTRACT This work focuses on the effects of the introduction of unwrapped and wrapped single-wal... more ABSTRACT This work focuses on the effects of the introduction of unwrapped and wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on the quality (i.e. void content) and a range of different properties of polyether ether ketone (PEEK)/glass fiber (GF) laminates fabricated through hot-compression processing. The quality of the developed multiscale laminates was evaluated by non-destructive inspection techniques (ultrasonic C-scan and thermography), density measurements as well as optical and scanning electron microscopy analyses. The in-plane and transverse thermal and electrical conductivities as well as Short-Beam-Shear (SBS) strength were measured at different locations within each composite panel. It was found that the addition of SWCNT can have a considerable influence on the porosity of manufactured laminates. In summary, while unwrapped SWCNT generally improved the thermal and electrical properties of the PEEK/GF laminates, composites incorporating compatibilizer exhibited the lowest porosity, the highest electrical conductivity and mechanical properties.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2011
Multicomponent nanocomposite materials based on a high-performance epoxy system and single-walled... more Multicomponent nanocomposite materials based on a high-performance epoxy system and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been prepared. The noncovalent wrapping of nitric acid-treated SWNTs with a PEO-based amphiphilic block copolymer leads to a highly disaggregated filler with a boosted miscibility in the epoxy matrix, allowing its dispersion without organic solvents. Although direct dispersion of acid-treated SWNTs results in modestly improved epoxy matrix mechanical properties, the incorporation of wrapped SWNTs produces a huge increase in toughness (276% improvement at 0.5 wt % loading) and impact strength (193% at 0.5 wt % loading) with no detrimental effect on the elastic properties. A synergistic effect between SWNTs and the block copolymer is revealed on the basis of tensile and impact strength results. Atomic force microscopy has been applied, obtaining stiffness mappings that identify nanostructure features responsible of the dynamic mechanical behavior. The electrical percolation threshold is greatly reduced, from 0.31 to 0.03 wt % SWNTs when block copolymer-wrapped SWNTs are used, and all the measured conductivity values increased up to a maximum of 7 orders of magnitude with respect to the baseline matrix (1 wt % wrapped-SWNTs loading). This approach provides an efficient way to disperse barely dispersible SWNTs without solvents into an epoxy matrix, and to generate substantial improvements with small amounts of SWNTs.
BMC Public Health, 2012
Background: Malnutrition in dependent patients has a high prevalence and can influence the progno... more Background: Malnutrition in dependent patients has a high prevalence and can influence the prognosis associated with diverse pathologic processes, decrease quality of life, and increase morbidity-mortality and hospital admissions. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of an educational intervention for caregivers on the nutritional status of dependent patients at risk of malnutrition. Methods/Design: Intervention study with control group, randomly allocated, of 200 patients of the Home Care Program carried out in 8 Primary Care Centers (Spain). These patients are dependent and at risk of malnutrition, older than 65, and have caregivers. The socioeconomic and educational characteristics of the patient and the caregiver are recorded. On a schedule of 0-6-12 months, patients are evaluated as follows: Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), food intake, dentures, degree of dependency (Barthel test), cognitive state (Pfeiffer test), mood status (Yesavage test), and anthropometric and serum parameters of nutritional status: albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, haemoglobin, lymphocyte count, iron, and ferritin. Prior to the intervention, the educational procedure and the design of educational material are standardized among nurses. The nurses conduct an initial session for caregivers and then monitor the education impact at home every month (4 visits) up to 6 months. The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) methodology will be used. The investigators will study the effect of the intervention with caregivers on the patient's nutritional status using the MNA test, diet, anthropometry, and biochemical parameters. Bivariate normal test statistics and multivariate models will be created to adjust the effect of the intervention. The SPSS/PC program will be used for statistical analysis. Discussion: The nutritional status of dependent patients has been little studied. This study allows us to know nutritional risk from different points of view: diet, anthropometry and biochemistry in dependent patients at nutritional risk and to assess the effect of a nutritional education intervention. The design with random allocation, inclusion of all patients, validated methods, caregivers' education and standardization between nurses allows us to obtain valuable information about nutritional status and prevention.
Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 2015
Opportunistic infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. T... more Opportunistic infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) (cotrimoxazole) has been shown to dramatically reduce the risk of opportunistic infections, particularly Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and has been used extensively in their treatment and prevention (1). Since 2006, WHO has recommended cotrimoxazole preventive therapy for all HIV-exposed infants and children born to mothers living with HIV, and continuing until cessation of risk of HIV transmission (cessation of breastfeeding) and infection can be exclude (2). In HIV-infected patients, cotrimoxazole use causes a higher rate of adverse drug reactions than in the general population (20-100% compared with 5-8% of healthy individuals) (3,4). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2010
A straightforward, template-free chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline was used to prepare... more A straightforward, template-free chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline was used to prepare nanofibrillar polyaniline (nf-PANI) and a set of corresponding composites with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). All the products showed remarkable water dispersibility since they are formed by hydrophilic particles of nanometric size. A comparative study performed on composites in a wide range of MWNT loadings has led to two main conclusions: on one hand, the presence of MWNTs affects neither the chemical structure nor the crystallinity of polyaniline. On the other hand, even small amounts of MWNTs have a significant effect on the morphology of polyaniline in composites. This effect is noticeable not only in electron microscopy images but also in the UV-vis absorbance of water dispersions and electrical conductivity behavior in the solid state. Competition between nucleation sites during polymerization is proposed as an explanation for these phenomena.
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2011
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2007
Electrodes have been processed as composites from mixtures of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWC... more Electrodes have been processed as composites from mixtures of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and a commercial activated carbon (MAXSORB). SWCNT shows higher electric conductivity and lower specific capacitance compared to MAXSORB. The relative content of the two carbons has been varied in the range 0-100 wt %. With the processed electrodes super-capacitor cells have been assembled. The cells have been studied at room temperature by ac and dc measurements. The dependences of the real capacitance (C') and the imaginary capacitance (C") as functions of the angular frequency (ω) have been analyzed on the basis of a model we propose. Cell resistance and cell capacitance decrease as the SWCNT content increases according to the percolation model and rule of mixtures, respectively. Two relaxation times, one longer (of the order of 1-10 s) and the other shorter (of the order of 10 -6 ¯10 -5 s) have been found and discussed. The capacitance measured by dc has been compared with the capacitance measured by ac, and a discussion has been set up on the basis of the longer relaxation time determined by ac and the discharge time determined by dc. Power attains a maximum value for a certain SWCNT content.
Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2012
ABSTRACT This work focuses on the effects of the introduction of unwrapped and wrapped single-wal... more ABSTRACT This work focuses on the effects of the introduction of unwrapped and wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on the quality (i.e. void content) and a range of different properties of polyether ether ketone (PEEK)/glass fiber (GF) laminates fabricated through hot-compression processing. The quality of the developed multiscale laminates was evaluated by non-destructive inspection techniques (ultrasonic C-scan and thermography), density measurements as well as optical and scanning electron microscopy analyses. The in-plane and transverse thermal and electrical conductivities as well as Short-Beam-Shear (SBS) strength were measured at different locations within each composite panel. It was found that the addition of SWCNT can have a considerable influence on the porosity of manufactured laminates. In summary, while unwrapped SWCNT generally improved the thermal and electrical properties of the PEEK/GF laminates, composites incorporating compatibilizer exhibited the lowest porosity, the highest electrical conductivity and mechanical properties.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2011
Multicomponent nanocomposite materials based on a high-performance epoxy system and single-walled... more Multicomponent nanocomposite materials based on a high-performance epoxy system and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been prepared. The noncovalent wrapping of nitric acid-treated SWNTs with a PEO-based amphiphilic block copolymer leads to a highly disaggregated filler with a boosted miscibility in the epoxy matrix, allowing its dispersion without organic solvents. Although direct dispersion of acid-treated SWNTs results in modestly improved epoxy matrix mechanical properties, the incorporation of wrapped SWNTs produces a huge increase in toughness (276% improvement at 0.5 wt % loading) and impact strength (193% at 0.5 wt % loading) with no detrimental effect on the elastic properties. A synergistic effect between SWNTs and the block copolymer is revealed on the basis of tensile and impact strength results. Atomic force microscopy has been applied, obtaining stiffness mappings that identify nanostructure features responsible of the dynamic mechanical behavior. The electrical percolation threshold is greatly reduced, from 0.31 to 0.03 wt % SWNTs when block copolymer-wrapped SWNTs are used, and all the measured conductivity values increased up to a maximum of 7 orders of magnitude with respect to the baseline matrix (1 wt % wrapped-SWNTs loading). This approach provides an efficient way to disperse barely dispersible SWNTs without solvents into an epoxy matrix, and to generate substantial improvements with small amounts of SWNTs.