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Papers by Tatiana Garrido
Honey Analysis, 2017
Metals are pollutant residues detectable in honey and in fact account for most of the inorganic p... more Metals are pollutant residues detectable in honey and in fact account for most of the inorganic pollutants found in this food product. Metal pollutants can be accumulated through the food chain and, at levels exceeding safe thresholds, can be toxic to humans and even damage physiological functions. During the honey-making process, bees can transport pollutants to the beehive following contact with polluted botanic species or from drinking contaminated water. Detecting very low concentrations is a persisting challenge to accurately measure these elements in honey. Additionally, since honey is a complex organic matrix, treatments are needed prior to applying any classical chemical methods for metal determination, such as inductively coupled plasma and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Therefore, optimal results are dependent on adequate sample conditioning prior to heavy metal content analyses. Chemical pretreatments include calcination processes and/or acid digestion. Regarding execution, the last steps of any metal detection methodology are the primary determinants of result quality, where any loss of mass is reflected by unreliable values.
Insects, 2021
Forty-two samples of Tiaca Honey (Caldcluvia paniculata) obtained from beehives belonging to 14 a... more Forty-two samples of Tiaca Honey (Caldcluvia paniculata) obtained from beehives belonging to 14 apiaries (three honey samples per apiary) were collected at the end of January near Osorno (40°34′ S, 73°8′ W), Puyehue (40°40′ S, 72°37′ W) and Frutillar 41°7′ S, 72°59′ W) covering an area of 1240 km2. They presented the highest phenol contents (0.36 mg gallic acid equivalent/kg) and antioxidant power (1.27 mM equivalent of Fe+2/g of sample), and were among the highest for antiradical activity. Phenol contents and antioxidant power (r = 0.72, p-value < 0.01) and total phenol contents and antiradical activity (r = 0.69; p-value < 0.01) displayed linear correlations. Only two beeswax samples showed residues of the pesticide fenhexamid. The respective sites (Purranque [40°55′ S, 73°10′ W] and Coligual [40°49′ S, 72°54′ W]) were the only areas located near active farms. Additionally, the m/z value 163.1091 was found as an element to identify honeys. Data were used to construct a mappe...
Insecticides [Working Title], 2022
The presence of undesirable compounds in honey and other bee products may modify their biological... more The presence of undesirable compounds in honey and other bee products may modify their biological attributes. Such molecules may be present because of different human activities (i.e., pollutants, pesticides) or because of veterinary treatments designed to control and prevent diseases that affect bees. The use of pesticides in agricultural crops has been related with negative effects with and acute damages for bees. The widespread agricultural use of neonicotinoids is a common exposure pathway for bees, and it may be an important factor in declining bee health. In 2013, the European Union has forbidden the use of three pesticides belonging to the neonicotinoids: Imidacloprid, Thiamethoxam, and Clothianidin after the analysis of several scientific results of some studies where those pesticides were involved in an increased death of bees.
Journal of Environmental Sciences(China), 2012
The effect of mine tailings and sewage sludge was evaluated on sorption, desorption, availability... more The effect of mine tailings and sewage sludge was evaluated on sorption, desorption, availability and distribution of copper in two soils, one high (sandy soil) and one low in copper (clay soil). In both soils contaminated by mine tailings the copper sorption capacity and the affinity of the substrate for the metal decreased substantially compared to the uncontaminated soils, however, the sorption remained always high in the clay soil substrates. In the substrates with sandy soil, the high Cu content and lower clay content were determining factors in the lower magnitude of the sorption. Similarly, metal desorption was closely related to these two parameters, and it was higher in clay soil with lower pH. In general, the application of sewage sludge favored the sorption of Cu in soils contaminated and uncontaminated with mine tailings, and in all cases desorption decreased, an effect that remained for at least 30 days. Simple extraction of Cu with CaCl2 and diethylenetriaminepentaacet...
Revista InfoANALÍTICA 10(1), 2022
The evaluation of pollutants present in the environment is a reiterative issue at the internation... more The evaluation of pollutants present in the environment is a reiterative issue at the international level, for this reason the development of new methodologies for the extraction of analytes from matrices such as surface waters, with a low impact on the environment, is imperative. Chlorpyrifos (CP) is an organophosphate compound widely used for pest control, toxic to living beings, which can be mobilized from soils to different water sources. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) can be considered as a methodology with characteristics of green analytical chemistry, due to the low consumption of solvent and time. The objective of this work was to optimize the DLLME for the analysis of CP in water samples. For the extraction, methanol was used as a dispersing agent and CS2 as an extracting agent, evaluating five extraction times: 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 minutes. The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography with an electron microcapture detector (GC-μECD). The results of the evaluation of the stirring time showed that, for the stirring times of 10 and 15 minutes, a recovery percentage of CP of 108 and 88% was obtained, respectively, with a detection and quantification limit of 18, 3 and 22.4 μg / L, respectively, and a precision expressed as a relative standard deviation of less than 14.2%, acceptable for this type of extraction. It can be concluded that the DLLME methodology associated with GC-μECD is a suitable alternative for the quantification of CP in aqueous matrices with a low environmental impact.
Journal of Soils and Sediments
Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society
Chemosphere, 2017
A study is made to evaluate the bioaccessibility of heavy metals in contaminated soils through a ... more A study is made to evaluate the bioaccessibility of heavy metals in contaminated soils through a simple bioaccessibility extraction test (SBET), applied to the analysis of both the gastric and intestinal phases. Soils with high metal content of the Mapocho, Cachapoal, and Rancagua series were studied; they are located in suburban areas of large cities in the central valley of Chile. The bioaccessible concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were related to the main physicochemical characteristics of the soils and to the chemical forms obtained by sequential extraction. The elements Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn are distributed in the soils between the exchangeable fractions, bound to oxides, to organic matter, and in the residual fraction. On the other hand, Cr and Pb are found mainly in the fractions bound to organic matter and in the residual fraction. The three soils have a high Cu content, (640-2060 mg/kg), in the order Cachapoal > Rancagua > Mapocho. The SBET test allowed establ...
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2016
Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 2013
Phytochemical Analysis, 2009
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2010
Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2012
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2008
Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2012
Honey Analysis, 2017
Metals are pollutant residues detectable in honey and in fact account for most of the inorganic p... more Metals are pollutant residues detectable in honey and in fact account for most of the inorganic pollutants found in this food product. Metal pollutants can be accumulated through the food chain and, at levels exceeding safe thresholds, can be toxic to humans and even damage physiological functions. During the honey-making process, bees can transport pollutants to the beehive following contact with polluted botanic species or from drinking contaminated water. Detecting very low concentrations is a persisting challenge to accurately measure these elements in honey. Additionally, since honey is a complex organic matrix, treatments are needed prior to applying any classical chemical methods for metal determination, such as inductively coupled plasma and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Therefore, optimal results are dependent on adequate sample conditioning prior to heavy metal content analyses. Chemical pretreatments include calcination processes and/or acid digestion. Regarding execution, the last steps of any metal detection methodology are the primary determinants of result quality, where any loss of mass is reflected by unreliable values.
Insects, 2021
Forty-two samples of Tiaca Honey (Caldcluvia paniculata) obtained from beehives belonging to 14 a... more Forty-two samples of Tiaca Honey (Caldcluvia paniculata) obtained from beehives belonging to 14 apiaries (three honey samples per apiary) were collected at the end of January near Osorno (40°34′ S, 73°8′ W), Puyehue (40°40′ S, 72°37′ W) and Frutillar 41°7′ S, 72°59′ W) covering an area of 1240 km2. They presented the highest phenol contents (0.36 mg gallic acid equivalent/kg) and antioxidant power (1.27 mM equivalent of Fe+2/g of sample), and were among the highest for antiradical activity. Phenol contents and antioxidant power (r = 0.72, p-value < 0.01) and total phenol contents and antiradical activity (r = 0.69; p-value < 0.01) displayed linear correlations. Only two beeswax samples showed residues of the pesticide fenhexamid. The respective sites (Purranque [40°55′ S, 73°10′ W] and Coligual [40°49′ S, 72°54′ W]) were the only areas located near active farms. Additionally, the m/z value 163.1091 was found as an element to identify honeys. Data were used to construct a mappe...
Insecticides [Working Title], 2022
The presence of undesirable compounds in honey and other bee products may modify their biological... more The presence of undesirable compounds in honey and other bee products may modify their biological attributes. Such molecules may be present because of different human activities (i.e., pollutants, pesticides) or because of veterinary treatments designed to control and prevent diseases that affect bees. The use of pesticides in agricultural crops has been related with negative effects with and acute damages for bees. The widespread agricultural use of neonicotinoids is a common exposure pathway for bees, and it may be an important factor in declining bee health. In 2013, the European Union has forbidden the use of three pesticides belonging to the neonicotinoids: Imidacloprid, Thiamethoxam, and Clothianidin after the analysis of several scientific results of some studies where those pesticides were involved in an increased death of bees.
Journal of Environmental Sciences(China), 2012
The effect of mine tailings and sewage sludge was evaluated on sorption, desorption, availability... more The effect of mine tailings and sewage sludge was evaluated on sorption, desorption, availability and distribution of copper in two soils, one high (sandy soil) and one low in copper (clay soil). In both soils contaminated by mine tailings the copper sorption capacity and the affinity of the substrate for the metal decreased substantially compared to the uncontaminated soils, however, the sorption remained always high in the clay soil substrates. In the substrates with sandy soil, the high Cu content and lower clay content were determining factors in the lower magnitude of the sorption. Similarly, metal desorption was closely related to these two parameters, and it was higher in clay soil with lower pH. In general, the application of sewage sludge favored the sorption of Cu in soils contaminated and uncontaminated with mine tailings, and in all cases desorption decreased, an effect that remained for at least 30 days. Simple extraction of Cu with CaCl2 and diethylenetriaminepentaacet...
Revista InfoANALÍTICA 10(1), 2022
The evaluation of pollutants present in the environment is a reiterative issue at the internation... more The evaluation of pollutants present in the environment is a reiterative issue at the international level, for this reason the development of new methodologies for the extraction of analytes from matrices such as surface waters, with a low impact on the environment, is imperative. Chlorpyrifos (CP) is an organophosphate compound widely used for pest control, toxic to living beings, which can be mobilized from soils to different water sources. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) can be considered as a methodology with characteristics of green analytical chemistry, due to the low consumption of solvent and time. The objective of this work was to optimize the DLLME for the analysis of CP in water samples. For the extraction, methanol was used as a dispersing agent and CS2 as an extracting agent, evaluating five extraction times: 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 minutes. The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography with an electron microcapture detector (GC-μECD). The results of the evaluation of the stirring time showed that, for the stirring times of 10 and 15 minutes, a recovery percentage of CP of 108 and 88% was obtained, respectively, with a detection and quantification limit of 18, 3 and 22.4 μg / L, respectively, and a precision expressed as a relative standard deviation of less than 14.2%, acceptable for this type of extraction. It can be concluded that the DLLME methodology associated with GC-μECD is a suitable alternative for the quantification of CP in aqueous matrices with a low environmental impact.
Journal of Soils and Sediments
Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society
Chemosphere, 2017
A study is made to evaluate the bioaccessibility of heavy metals in contaminated soils through a ... more A study is made to evaluate the bioaccessibility of heavy metals in contaminated soils through a simple bioaccessibility extraction test (SBET), applied to the analysis of both the gastric and intestinal phases. Soils with high metal content of the Mapocho, Cachapoal, and Rancagua series were studied; they are located in suburban areas of large cities in the central valley of Chile. The bioaccessible concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were related to the main physicochemical characteristics of the soils and to the chemical forms obtained by sequential extraction. The elements Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn are distributed in the soils between the exchangeable fractions, bound to oxides, to organic matter, and in the residual fraction. On the other hand, Cr and Pb are found mainly in the fractions bound to organic matter and in the residual fraction. The three soils have a high Cu content, (640-2060 mg/kg), in the order Cachapoal > Rancagua > Mapocho. The SBET test allowed establ...
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2016
Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 2013
Phytochemical Analysis, 2009
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2010
Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2012
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2008
Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2012