Gary Hack - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Gary Hack

Places Journal, Oct 1, 1998

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the vehicles and actors needed to initiate, coordinate a... more The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the vehicles and actors needed to initiate, coordinate and control urban revitalization of the Passaic Riverfront in Newark. The analysis states the potential of the riverfront and what is needed for successful development. Private interests have taken the revitalization efforts into their own hands, because of the city's inability to handle successful development. The focus of this thesis is on the ability and authority of two existing agencies within Newark that have provided successful development of the Central Business District (CBD). The Newark Economic Development Corporation (NEDC) and Renaissance Newark, Inc. (RenNwk) have been responsible for much of the success in the revitalization of Newark. It stands to reason that their ability and authority should be extended to provide coordination and control of the development efforts on the riverfront.

Change in historic buildings is inevitable. If these changes are not well-managed, the cityscape ... more Change in historic buildings is inevitable. If these changes are not well-managed, the cityscape will be threatened because a city is composed of buildings. A good city should combine both growth and preservation. Controlling change in historic buildings is one way to get this balance. Because a city can not simply preserve all buildings nor demolish all of them, there should be a methodology to decide what buildings should be preserved and which should be demolished. Furthermore, which building should be preserved as a museum, and which should be allowed rehabilitation could also be decided by this same method. Since the concept of combining history into people's daily lives is prevalent, historic buildings can be changed according to contemporary needs. Change in historic buildings should be recommended in different degrees. The degree is decided according to the significance of the building. This thesis studies building category systems that have been used in downtown surveys...

Global City Regions, 2000

Introduction. 1. The Task and the Method. 2. Planning the City Region: A Short History of Western... more Introduction. 1. The Task and the Method. 2. Planning the City Region: A Short History of Western Practice Editors. Twelve Studies of Global City Regions. 3. The Ankara City Region, Turkey Raci,Bademli. 4.The Bangkok City region, Thailand, Utis Kaothien and Douglas Webster. 5.The Boston City Region, USA,Rosalind Greenstein and Jemelie Robertson. 6. The Madrid City Region, Spain, Jose Maria Ezquiaga Dominguez. 7.The Randstad, Holland, Leo Tummers and Pieter Schrijnen. 8. The San Diego Region, USA, Michael Stepner and Paul Fiske. 9. The Santiago City Region, Chile, Francisco Sabatini. 10. The Sao Paulo City Region, Brazil, Gilda Collet Bruna. 11.Seattle and the Central Puget Sount, USA, Anne Vernez Moudon and Le Roy Heckman. 12. The Taipei City Region, Taiwan, Nein Hsiung Kuo. 13. The Tokyo City Region, Japan Yuichi Tekeuchi. 14. The West Midlands, UK, Stephen Walker. Commentary. 15. Infrastructure and Regional Form. Gary Hack. 16. Global Cities and their Emerging Cultures of Governance. Roger Simmonds. Reflective Texts. 17. Urban Management in the Global Economy. David Barkin. 18. Cybercities and Regional Spaces: Some Issues Raised. Christine Boyer. 19. The Future of Transportation: Mobility and Infrastructure. Ralph Gakenheimer. 20. Planning Cyberplaces. Stephen Graham. 21.Telecommunications and Sustainable Cities. Simon Marvin. 22. Regional Grid Planning (ORT). Pedro Oritz Castana. 23. Discontiguous Growth: Edge City, Global City or Both? Agustin Rodriguez Bachiller. 24. Cities in The Global Economy. Saskia Sassen. 25.The Joys of Spread City. Melvin M Webber.

Design Review, 1994

At its October 1988 meeting, the Design Review Commission of Germantown, Tennessee, reached an im... more At its October 1988 meeting, the Design Review Commission of Germantown, Tennessee, reached an impasse with the Gulf Oil Company over its proposal to construct a gasoline station and small convenience outlet on a corner site on the rapidly developing eastern edge of the city. This was not the first occasion that the commission had differed with developers over its seventeen-year life, nor was it the first time the board had dealt with the troubling issues of automobile-oriented uses. However, this case came to threaten the very existence of the board.

Tiesdell/Urban Design in the Real Estate Development Process, 2011

Journal of Architectural Education (1947-1974), 1974

Journal of Planning Education and Research, 2009

techniques including ratings on other characteristics such as costs, risk, and difficulty. While ... more techniques including ratings on other characteristics such as costs, risk, and difficulty. While on the topic of citizen participation, in chapter 9, “Testing Planning Concepts through Design,” Steiner has made an important addition by including a discussion of how the charrette process can be used to engage the public in developing conceptual design ideas and to generate themes or principles to guide the planning process. Finally, in Chapter 3, “Inventory and Analysis of the Biophysical Environment,” there are new or expanded discussions of floodplain management and wetlands and riparian protection, which reflects the profession’s growing understanding of the important role these physical landscape features play in reducing the hazard of floods. The second edition of The Living Landscape would be a useful resource for courses on landscape planning and environmental planning. And it is a must-read for those interested in learning the fundamentals of sustainable land-use planning. Fundamentals is an apt title for David Johnson’s text as it is just that: an overview of the basic steps involved in large-scale land development outside of the urban environment. In Fundamentals of Land Development, Johnson appeals to a subset of developers interested in developing profitable large-scale developments, which he defines as “property comprehensively planned with various land uses tied together with a vision of including living and working components” (p. xvi). Funda mentals of Land Development reflects what Johnson has learned throughout his career designing and constructing residential and mixed-use projects and running educational seminars on land development. The seventeen chapters present a clearly organized workflow aimed at educating developers about the appropriate steps to take to avoid potential financial and political risks and to succeed with the design, permitting, and construction of a project. The chapters include comprehensive site-planning overview, site analysis, base-map preparation, marketing studies and market considerations, land-use concepts, boomers and goldenagers, preparing a land-use plan, common area improvements and amenities, government agencies and the approval process, project master schedule, community relations, engineering design standards, project impact studies, community covenants and restrictions, costs and budget, community-design trends, and case study. Each chapter provides an overview of the various steps or concepts and concludes with a highlighted box of questions for discussion topics. For example, chapter 5, “LandUse Concepts,” dedicates roughly one paragraph to describe each of approximately twenty land uses that are suitable for large-scale developments and provides some guidance on which alternatives work well together in a master-planned community. Unfortunately, housing types and amenities for the fifty-five-plus community are discussed in a separate chapter. Although the introduction to this chapter states that housing for this demographic can be integrated into a diversified large-scale project, the chapter does not provide guidance on how to achieve this mix because the examples provided describe the practice of building for the elderly as a separate market segment. In this day and age, it was disappointing to read a text on land development that did not integrate principles or concepts of sustainable development. Although Johnson mentions sustainability at various points in the text, the only portion of the book that provides an overview of sustainable development is the concluding chapter on community design trends. This chapter dedicates about one hundred words to the concept of sustainability and states that “community sustainability can be achieved by designing and constructing large-scale projects.” This claim seems to be based solely on the fact that such projects are large enough to integrate mixed-use development.

Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 1992

In this paper the history of Canadian Housing R&D programs is reviewed and the strengths and weak... more In this paper the history of Canadian Housing R&D programs is reviewed and the strengths and weaknesses of these programs are assessed. Government programs that sought to promote innovation directly, subsidy programs for the private sector, and demonstration programs are looked at. Urban development projects as well as small-scale technological innovation dissemination efforts are considered, and the lessons that program administrators have gained from past programs and present guidelines for program design are presented.

On April 6, 2016, Cal Poly's CAED hosted professor Gary Hack for the Hearst Lecture Series. D... more On April 6, 2016, Cal Poly's CAED hosted professor Gary Hack for the Hearst Lecture Series. Dr. Hack is former dean and Professor Emeritus of Urban Design at the University of Pennsylvania. He writes about and practices large scale urban design having prepared plans for over forty cities in the US and abroad. Among his many pu lications is the in uencial Site Design, co-authored with Kevin Lynch, his professional partner of many years. At Cal Poly, Dr. Hack spoke about the transformative moments in city history and their impact in form moments, calling for planners and designers to look more into the future in our work.

Journal of Planning Education and Research, 2021

Mobile Networks and Applications, 2020

What people choose to see, like, or remember is of profound interest to city planners and archite... more What people choose to see, like, or remember is of profound interest to city planners and architects. Previous research suggests what people are more likely to store in their memory-buildings with dominant shapes and bright colors, historical sites, and intruding signs-yet little has been done by the systematic survey. This paper attempts to understand the relationships between the spatial structure of the built environment and inhabitants' memory of the city derived from their perceptual knowledge. For this purpose, we employed the web-based visual survey in the form of a geo-guessing game. This enables us to externalize people's spatial knowledge as a large-scale dataset. The result sheds light on unknown aspects of the cognitive role in exploring the built environment, and hidden patterns embedded in the relationship between the spatial elements and the mental map.

Journal of Urban Design, 2017

Journal of Urban Design, 2016

Stephen has done a heroic service for urban design by placing it in the panoply of creative acts,... more Stephen has done a heroic service for urban design by placing it in the panoply of creative acts, and in the process has produced a guide to the literature that any student of the field ought to read and contemplate. A few thoughts have been stimulated by his article. The article correctly notes that urban design is a collective art, seldom with a single author. He notes the traditions of participatory and performance art as proximate arts. An example not included is the Fluxus art movement that began in the 1950s in New York and continues to this day, focused on the art of street and other public performances. They regarded not only the event of immediate experience as art, but also the outcome or traces that remained when it was over. Viewed that way, the results of urban design processes are a collective art, to be understood by how they came into being. Fine artists often make the distinction between art and design, and while there is a large grey area between the two poles, they generally characterize art as self-initiated, only loosely constrained by others, and critical in its orientation, while design is responsive to clients or patrons, constrained by materials and costs, and must meet the tests of use. Clearly most urban design falls closer to the design end of the spectrum, which is why the term became what it is rather than ‘civic art’, its predecessor. The differences between the two are not whether there is aesthetic or experiential content ‒ good art and design share this ‒ but in the distinction between independence and purposeful action. Artful design, as the author notes, is a good way to express the aspiration. That said that the term ‘art’ often denotes creative ways of acting in situations that are not entirely constrained by rules or habits. In our book Site Planning, we describe the practice as “the art of arranging buildings on the land”, meaning that there is a substantial area of discretion beyond what is required that is left to the creativity of the planner or urban designer (Lynch and Hack, 1984). New and unusual solutions are encouraged, and are largely driven by values. Consistency and unity of the elements of places are often emphasized (and too often overemphasized), such as by insisting that transit shelters should be of the same family of forms as other streetscape elements, or that new buildings mimic the forms and details of adjacent buildings, or by the insistence on a coherent (whatever that means) skyline for a city. As the Saarinen quote suggests, a better objective is “organic” consistency and “correlation” of the parts, not simple duplication (Marshall 2016, 412).

Journal of the American Planning Association, 2015

Abstract Urban design is centrally about imagining a future for the built environment of a city. ... more Abstract Urban design is centrally about imagining a future for the built environment of a city. But design methods can also help shape institutions, which structure life as powerfully as blocks and streets. In this article, the author chronicles a career spent designing places and academic programs in planning schools. Reconnecting planning practice with the academy is an essential strategy for creating more grounded knowledge and theories about urban design. Learning occurs largely through persuasive examples and by reflecting on their successes and failures. Design is also a collaborative act, developing consensus around a vision that inspires groups to act. New challenges face today's educators and practitioners, including the knowledge needed to practice internationally and the need to expand planning horizons to master development practices. There is also much to be gained by working across disciplinary lines, and by looking beyond national boundaries.

Planning For Higher Education, 2010

Local Planning: Contemporary Principles and Practice edited by Gary Hack, Eugenie L. Birch, Paul ... more Local Planning: Contemporary Principles and Practice edited by Gary Hack, Eugenie L. Birch, Paul H. Sedway, and Mitchell J. Silver ICMA Press 2009 496 pages ISBN-13: 978-0873261487 Reviewed by Deborah Carey Though I'm back to planning higher education facilities, in the previous eight years of my planning career I was a "skilled generalist" in the Office of Community and Economic Development in my town. There I grappled with speaking "the language of architects, bankers, engineers, public servants, politicians and citizens. ..in the change business" (pp. 34, 24). So, I relished tackling Local Planning: Contemporary Principles and Practice published by the International City/County Management Association (ICMA) and edited by Gary Hack, Eugenie L. Birch, Paul H. Sedway, and Mitchell J. Silver. The work is a collection of chapters from almost 100 municipal, regional, and national practicing professionals compiled to inform the planning profession and ICMA membership. While planning for higher education encompasses academic, fiscal, resource, facilities, and infrastructure planning, campus or master planning most often focuses on the campus and its immediate outside environs. In the United States, we have a long history of small liberal arts colleges and large land-grant universities located in rural settings. Today, however, 82 percent of our public and private higher education institutions are located in urban settings (Sungu-Eryilmaz 2009). As a result, the livelihood of these institutions is now intimately tied to the possibilities, problems, and opportunities of life outside the campus grounds. In Local Planning: Contemporary Principles and Practice, I found the rest of the story; the warp and woof upon which we weave our higher education pattern. The volume contains a wealth of sound information, descriptions of cutting-edge trends, and an abundance of follow-up resources. Public planning has many points of intersection with higher education master planning, especially in the area of "town-gown" relationships - those key elements that bind the higher education campus (gown) to its community (town). To be proactive in these relationships, higher education institutions are incorporating social and economic programs, managing spill-over effects, and formalizing stakeholder participation and leadership (Sungu-Eryilmaz 2009). Local Planning gives us successful and unsuccessful examples and provides a vast array of tools used to accomplish these aims. It also describes and examines the stakeholders in the process: the developers; bankers; bond holders; community groups; and federal, state, city, and town officiais, administrators, and regulators with whom higher education institutions work. When colleges and universities acquire land and structures to support their mission or immediate growth demands, they often find themselves criticized for development policies deemed unresponsive to neighborhood concerns. A chapter titled "The University and the City" by Anthony Sorrentino specifically details the West Philadelphia initiatives of the University of Pennsylvania that were created to address surrounding community needs. In "Planning in the Twenty-First Century," Gary Hack adds that "anchor institutions such as universities... are often the largest private employers in communities. ..and are leveraging their demand for housing and services, directing their purchasing power into nearby areas, and expanding the net of their security forces to cover adjacent areas" (p. 107). In Local Planning, we also learn from the experience of other "anchor" institutions, such as the new Denver International Airport in Colorado. Out of the initial friction between the city, the Stapleton Redevelopment Foundation, and other stakeholders arose a partnership that created a vision and a development framework focused on open space. As Thomas A. Gougeon writes in "Stapleton's Public-Private Planning," this effort went well beyond describing a physical framework for redevelopment. …

Rebuilding Urban Places After Disaster, 2007

Background: Hypertension is a major long-term health condition and is the leading cause of premat... more Background: Hypertension is a major long-term health condition and is the leading cause of premature deaths among adults throughout the world. As the symptoms of childhood hypertension are largely nonspecific, children with essential hypertension are likely to be asymptomatic. The present study was designed to determine the prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension among apparently healthy school going children Methods: A total of 500 students in the age group of 10-15 years from schools were selected for the study. Height, weight and blood pressure measurements were taken. BMI was calculated using height and weight measurements. Blood pressure was classified as pre hypertension and hypertension based on systolic and diastolic blood pressure percentiles matched for age, gender and height. Results: Overall prevalence of hypertension was 11.4% and prehypertension was 23.2% in present study population. Correlation between familial history of diabetes and Ischemic heart disease and hypertensive children was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05).Among 11% of children who were found to be obese, the prevalence of hypertension (38.5%) was found to be higher than that of non-obese children (7.4%) (p<0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, our study confirms that there is significant high prevalence of childhood hypertension. Obesity, family history of diabetes mellitus and IHD are risk factors for childhood hypertension.

The GeoJournal Library, 2001

This century, it is often said, will belong to Asia. Whether or not that will be the case, the me... more This century, it is often said, will belong to Asia. Whether or not that will be the case, the megacity is becoming an increasingly Asian phenomenon. As recently as 1950, a majority of the 20 largest cities were found in North America and Europe. They included both Philadelphia and Detroit, a reminder of how quickly city fortunes can change. Currently, 14 of the largest 20 cities in the world are in Asia. And with the loosening of migration policies in China, a new group of cities is likely to join the ranks of the world’s largest.

The Ecological Design and Planning Reader, 2014

Site planning is the art of arranging structures on the land and shaping the spaces between, an a... more Site planning is the art of arranging structures on the land and shaping the spaces between, an art linked to architecture, engineering, landscape architecture, and city planning. Site plans locate objects and activities in space and time. These plans may concern a small cluster of houses, a single building and its grounds, or something as extensive as a small community built in a single operation.