Gazi Alam - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Gazi Alam

African Journal of Agricultural Research, Dec 31, 2009

This article analyses the prevailing situations of the agricultural sector in Bangladesh using bo... more This article analyses the prevailing situations of the agricultural sector in Bangladesh using both secondary and primary data. Findings show that agriculture was the main economic sector with an employment of 95% of total population with a share of 78% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 1971. After the first few years of independence, education policy was concentrated for the development of agriculture education from secondary to tertiary level because government considered agriculture as potential to economy. Currently, 75% of the populations' professions are agriculture industry and contribution towards GDP is only 22%. While the decline of employment is not notably dropped, contribution towards GDP shared by agriculture sector is dramatically descended. The article examined the probable underpinning reasons causing agriculture as a less productive industry. With many reasons, it is noted that education system is not currently supporting the development of agriculture industry. With narrations, this article proposes a policy change towards agriculture education aiming an improvement of agriculture economics of the country which ultimately will bring national development.

Scientific Research and Essays, 2010

There is a raging debate in literature about the effectiveness of 3D environments and virtual rea... more There is a raging debate in literature about the effectiveness of 3D environments and virtual realities. The debate seems an unending one with both the advocates and critiques striving to justify their various positions. A survey of literature, however, revealed the absence of sufficient data to justify taking a position. This led the authors to hypothesize that most of the evaluation carried out in this area did go beyond perception referents. Over one thousand articles in reputable journals and proceedings were consulted including a few others without affiliation. Twenty four that covered the amorphous subjects of evaluation, assessment, effectiveness, potentials and benefits were painstakingly analyzed for their coverage particularly over the three leaning outcomes of cognitive, skills and attitudes. The findings revealed that while there were evidences of learning improvement and performance enhancement, over eighty five percent of the data revolved around affective dispositions...

African Journal of Business Management, 2009

This article examines the contribution made by the school system in Bangladesh using primary data... more This article examines the contribution made by the school system in Bangladesh using primary data gained form a small scale of research. Secondary data also supplements. Both formal and informal education gained from society and other sources are considered. Findings show that primary education contributes mainly for social development. Secondary provision also contributes for social development; a small contribution for economical development is also noted. Higher Education (HE) consumes a large portion of public and private fund to ensure economic development. Unfortunately, because of existing job pattern in Bangladesh and requirements placed for recruitments, contribution from HE is not satisfactory. Overall conclusion suggests that there is a scope for development at each provision. This study also advocates an urgent need to conduct a broader study on this issue to make the education system more effective towards the development. Key words: Rate of Return (RoR), investment i...

Journal of Environmental Management, 2021

China is the world's largest fossil fuel consumer and carbon emitter country. In September 20... more China is the world's largest fossil fuel consumer and carbon emitter country. In September 2020, China pledged to reduce carbon emissions, and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. Therefore, this study aimed to contribute to the literature and show the pictorial nexus of bioenergy and fossil fuel consumption, carbon emission, and agricultural bioeconomic growth, a new pathway towards carbon neutrality. For this study, time-series data from 1971 to 2019 were used to analyze the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound testing and novel dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (DYNARDL) simulation models. Initially, the unit root tests results showed that all variables were stationarity at the level and first difference. The presence of cointegration between selected variables was confirmed by the results from ARDL bound test. In addition, the results of long-run and short-run nexus show an increase in bioenergy consumption that caused an increase in agricultural bioeconomic growth both in the long and short-run nexus. A decrease in fossil fuel consumption was shown to result in increased agricultural bioeconomic growth with respect to both long- and short-term effects. Furthermore, the results of the novel dynamic ARDL simulation model demonstrated that a 10% positive shock from bioenergy consumption caused an increase in agricultural bioeconomic growth, while at the same time, a 10% negative shock in bioenergy consumption led to a decrease. A 10% negative shock from fossil fuels caused an increase in agricultural bioeconomic growth, whereas a 10% positive shock from fossil fuels led to a decrease. Therefore, this study suggests that China needs to switch from fossil fuel and other non-renewable energy consumption to sources of bioenergy and other renewable energy consumption to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060.

Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2020

Higher Education, 2021

Education is considered to be the most effective tool that people can use to lift themselves out ... more Education is considered to be the most effective tool that people can use to lift themselves out of poor socioeconomic backgrounds and lead to professional success, which in turn improves society. Since an education system often supports individuals with a higher socioeconomic status (SES), it may not resolve the issue of socioeconomic background impacting on career outcomes. Given the nature of the research questions, an individualistic approach is used for selecting tools. Using qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, we argue that graduates studying an 8-year engineering program fail to succeed compared to counterparts who studied a 4-year engineering program. Findings suggest that engineering graduates' socioeconomic backgrounds help them with their career advancement. A policy intervention may help to address the influence of SES on engineering education and professional employment.

International Journal of Learning and Change, 2020

ABSTRACTManaged aquifer recharge (MAR), a hydro-geological intervention designed to dilute ground... more ABSTRACTManaged aquifer recharge (MAR), a hydro-geological intervention designed to dilute groundwater salinity, pumps pond water treated through a slow sand filter into the underground aquifers. We evaluated the microbiological safety of the resulting MAR water at sites from three districts in southwest coastal Bangladesh. We collected monthly paired pond-MAR water samples from July 2016-June 2017 and enumerated fecal coliforms and E. coli using the IDEXX quanti-tray technique, by the most probable number (MPN) method. We used WHO risk categories for microbiological quality; no risk (<1 MPN), low risk (1-10 MPN) and moderate to high risk (>10 MPN per 100 mL water). We estimated the difference in mean log10 MPN in pond and MAR water using linear mixed effect models with random intercepts and cluster adjusted robust standard error. Almost all pond water samples (292/299, 98%) had moderate- to high-risk level (>10 MPN) fecal coliforms and E. coli (283/299, 95%). In contrast, ...

African Journal of Business Management, 2011

This paper empirically examines the suitability of monetary union in East African community membe... more This paper empirically examines the suitability of monetary union in East African community members namely, Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, on the basis of business cycle synchronization. This research considers annual GDP (gross domestic product) data from IMF (international monetary fund) for the period of 1980 to 2010. In order to extract the business cycles and trends, the study uses HP (Hodrick-Prescott) and the BP (band pass) filters. After identifying the cycles and trends of the business cycle, the study considers cross country correlation analysis and analysis of variance technique to examine whether EAC (East African community) countries are characterized by synchronized business cycles or not. The results show that four EAC countries (Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda) among five countries are having similar pattern of business cycle and trend from the last ten years of the formation of the EAC. The research concludes that these countries, except Rwanda, do not differ significantly in transitory or cycle components but do differ in permanent components especially in growth trend.

African Journal of Business Management, Sep 30, 2009

The research for this paper, the first of its nature in Bangladesh, has been carried out through ... more The research for this paper, the first of its nature in Bangladesh, has been carried out through desk study, document review, interview, questionnaire and observation. Earlier findings had revealed that the community perceived education to be a social and public product. Significant changes to the perception of students and providers have been made recently. More recently, students and education providers have come to understand education as a commodity. However, although most academics fight against this change of attitude, they have failed to retain the traditional philosophy of education due to the privatization of education. Moreover, there are insufficient policies in place to regulate the marketing activities of private education institutions.

International Journal of Global Warming, 2013

His research interest includes, modelling on optimal pollution taxation for environmental aspects... more His research interest includes, modelling on optimal pollution taxation for environmental aspects, ecological economics and economics of climate change.

The International Journal of Applied Economics and Finance, 2012

Asia Pacific Education Review, 2010

This study seeks to describe the teachers' professional development activities in Bangladesh and ... more This study seeks to describe the teachers' professional development activities in Bangladesh and explores the hypotheses about the relationship between teachers' traditional professional development activities and school improvement. Data from a representative sample of City secondary schools from Bangladesh (n = 127) were gathered through questionnaires from 127 principals and 694 teachers. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used in this research. This study found significant impacts of some of teachers' professional development activities on school improvement. Also found that the maximum school improvement can be achieved if schools put more emphasis on teachers' collaboration, in-service training and classroom observation and less emphasis on individual action enquiry. The findings of this study provide important information for the policy makers, educational managers and especially for the headmasters and teachers concerned with the improvement of teachers' quality in secondary schools of Bangladesh. This study adopts a concurrent approach of data collection and analysis.

academicjournals.org

This study was meant to ascertain how well Malaysian and Nigerian university science education un... more This study was meant to ascertain how well Malaysian and Nigerian university science education undergraduates and their counterparts (already on the field) contextualize science concepts they are learning or have learned and how well they can help the students they teach connect science with reallife in their teaching. The designs employed in the study were survey and causal comparative. The sample consisted of 240 subjects, 120 from each country drawn from serving and pre-service teachers from Malaysia and Nigeria using stratified sampling technique. Two research questions were raised to guide the study and two hypotheses formulated for testing. A validated instrument labeled contextualization of science knowledge was used for data collection. The psychometric properties and the reliability coefficient of the test were determined for content and construct validity through a pilot study. The instrument was administered and the data collected were analyzed using t-test. The findings are that: a large proportion of the respondents could not contextualize science since the total mean scores of the entire sample are less than half, there was a significant difference in the contextualization of science knowledge among the undergraduates with the Malaysian sample performing better and no significant difference among the serving science teachers.

Sustainability

Using school management settings, important substantial leadership models (such as “instructional... more Using school management settings, important substantial leadership models (such as “instructional”, “constructive”, and “distributed”) are developed. University leadership, especially in the private sector, is an understudied topic. While private universities need to generate revenue for profits and survival, they should at the same time retain a sound education philosophy—an extremely difficult task. Studies are yet to be conducted to understand how leaders of private universities handle this challenge, and this issue motivates the present study. Using Bangladesh as a case study, this qualitative analysis discovers that the “visionary” leadership approach is mainly used for the business management models that governs private-sector universities. This does not allow an established education leadership model to function well, if at all. This has seriously challenged education philosophy. Innovation of a specialised private-sector university leadership model is therefore required. A “...

International Journal of Global Warming, 2015

Malaysia has been experiencing an unusual harsh mixture of droughts and extreme rainfall events a... more Malaysia has been experiencing an unusual harsh mixture of droughts and extreme rainfall events at present. As consequence, significant fall in crop production will be caused in the coming years. Current agriculture adaptation strategies are not significantly enough to cope with this issue. Therefore, this study aims to capture the scenarios in the field of climate change adaptation. The main focus of this study is to chalk out the adaptation efforts that the government and local stakeholders should consider. This study identifies the challenges associated with the implementation of adaptation options for the agricultural sector in response to climate change. Furthermore, this study presents some insight on the possible future strategies for adaptation that legislators may consider in designing and formulating the policy which may ultimately help the agricultural sector of Malaysia to be effective. Such adaptation framework actions and measures are adjudicated to assure cohesive participation of all concerned development bodies including government and non-government organisations along with local communities towards achieving the appropriate climate change response.