Geeta Leishangthem - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Geeta Leishangthem

PubMed, Nov 18, 2022

Pulmonary fibrosis is the end‑stage manifestation of wide range of respiratory diseases and durin... more Pulmonary fibrosis is the end‑stage manifestation of wide range of respiratory diseases and during pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary inflammation and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) play important roles. Salvianolic acid B (SAB) from the herb Salviae miltiorrhiza has been reported to possess an excellent anti‑inflammatory, antifibrotic and antioxidant activity. The present study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of SAB on bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Adult albino mice were divided as SHAM/control group (saline alone), BLM group (bleomycin @ 1mg/kg intratracheally once) and SAB groups (BLM challenged once and SAB administration in three dosages @ 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg intraperitoneally daily for 30 days). Lungs wet/dry ratio and protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, MPO activity, oxidative stress markers, hydroxyproline assay, levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF‑α, IL‑6 and TGF‑β1), NF‑κB activity, histopathology, immunostaining (E‑cadherin, vimentin and alpha ‑smooth muscle actin) and ultrastructural changes were studied. SAB showed anti‑inflammatory and anti‑fibrotic effects through inhibition of inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar structure disruption, and collagen deposition and the expression of several fibrogenic cytokines. SAB also up‑regulate E‑cadherin and down‑regulated vimentin and alpha‑smooth muscle actin expression. In conclusion, Salvianolic acid B is effective in alleviating the BLM induced lung fibrosis through suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation, histological, ultrastructural changes and EMT.

Journal of entomology and zoology studies, May 1, 2019

The present study was conducted to diagnose infectious laryngotracheitis disease (ILT) using gros... more The present study was conducted to diagnose infectious laryngotracheitis disease (ILT) using gross, histopathological, and immunohistochemical approaches. A total of 25 samples were collected from the four different poultry farms from Ludhiana and the nearby districts. Upon gross analysis of the necropsied birds, the relevant tissue samples such as trachea, larynx, lungs and air sacs were collected in 10% Neutral buffered formalin and were then processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. Grossly haemorrhages in the trachea and larynx were observed. The accumulation of small amount of mucus in the lumen of nares, larynx and trachea was also observed. Pneumonic changes of congestion, consolidation and red hepatisation were noticed in both the lungs. Histopathologic picture revealed loss of cilia, presence of mucus, congestion, increase number of goblet cells and lymphocytic infiltration. Formation of multinucleated giant cells (syncytia) with the presence of intranuclear inclusions was also observed. In two representative cases (2/25, 8%) of one outbreak, ILT antigen were mainly detected in the nucleus of tracheal epithelial cells as well as in cilia of trachea. Further, reliability of various techniques employed was considered and positive correlation (r=0.958833) was emerged out with conventional pathological scoring. It was concluded that the trachea acts as an organ of choice for demonstrating ILTV antigen for specific diagnosis of disease using immunohistochemistry.

PubMed, 2022

Background: Cryptosporidium, an opportunistic, zoonotic, apicomplexan parasite, is one of the mos... more Background: Cryptosporidium, an opportunistic, zoonotic, apicomplexan parasite, is one of the most common causes of diarrhea in neonatal bovine calves around the globe. Bovine calves act as a major source of infection by excreting huge numbers of highly resistant oocysts in faeces, which can survive for a long time in extreme environmental conditions. As low as ten oocysts can cause disease and mortality, leading to the requirement of an early and accurate diagnosis for proper and favorable prognosis, management, and control. Aims: The current study was conducted with the objective to evaluate various diagnostic techniques (acid fast staining, negative staining, fluorescent, ELISA, PCR, nested PCR, and qPCR) for the detection of Cryptosporidium in the faecal samples of diarrheic bovine calves. Methods: Two hundred diarrheic faecal samples from bovine calves were collected and subjected to these techniques for Cryptosporidium diagnosis. Results of these were evaluated for diagnostic comparison. Results: Out of 200 faecal samples evaluated, 24% (48/200) were detected positive for Cryptosporidium using a combination of two techniques as gold standard criteria. Cohen's kappa value indicated moderate to almost perfect agreement (0.616 to 0.986) among all the techniques used in the present study. Leishman staining showed the lowest sensitivity (54.17%), while nested PCR and qPCR showed the highest sensitivity (97.92%). Diagnostic specificity of all these tests ranged from 98.68 to 100%. Conclusion: Auramine stain was used for the first time in the bovine calves in India for the detection and diagnostic comparison of Cryptosporidium. It showed strong agreement with the molecular as well as classical diagnostic techniques, and can be used for primary screening for better diagnosis.

Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology, 2020

The present study was planned to investigate the clinical and haemato-biochemical changes in F 0 ... more The present study was planned to investigate the clinical and haemato-biochemical changes in F 0 male Wistar rats fed with graded doses of citrinin (CIT). The animals were divided into four groups comprising 25 rats in each, viz., group I: 1ppm CIT; group II: 3ppm CIT; group III: 5ppm CIT; and group IV: 0 ppm CIT (control). After 10 weeks, rats were used to breed the female rats to get F 1 generation. After successful mating, all the male rats were killed at the end of the study on day 105. Clinical signs, body weights and various haemato-biochemical parameters were estimated. The long-term dietary exposure to CIT in male rats resulted in anaemia, leucocytopenia due to lymphocytopenia and hepato-renal toxicity as evidenced by certain biochemical parameters.

Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology, 2023

Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology, 2022

Veterinary World, Nov 1, 2015

The aim of the present study was to diagnose infectious bursal disease (IBD) using gross, histopa... more The aim of the present study was to diagnose infectious bursal disease (IBD) using gross, histopathological, and immunopathological approaches and to compare efficacy of immunohistochemical techniques with conventional diagnostic techniques. Materials and Methods: A total of 33 samples were collected from the six different poultry farms from Ludhiana and the nearby districts. Upon gross analysis of the necropsied birds, the relevant tissue samples such as bursa, kidney, junction of proventriculus and gizzard, heart, and muscles were then processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. Results: Varied macroscopic changes were noted in bursa, characterized as swollen, hemorrhages to atrophy in size. Nonetheless, hemorrhages over thigh muscles were rarely seen. Histologically, the bursa showed prominent fibrotic and atrophic changes. Rarefaction of bursal follicles with intermittent infiltration of lympho-mononuclear cells with chronic cystic changes was additional changes, considered to be paramount for IBD. Expression and localization of IBD specific viral antigens were noticed mainly intracellular to the rarefied areas of bursal follicle section(s), in conjunction to inner lining of the cystic cavities of affected follicles. In addition, the junction of proventriculus and gizzard, the heart muscle, respiratory ciliated epithelium, and proventriculus also revealed positive expression to IBD virus (IBDV) antigen. Advanced immunopathological techniques, i.e., immunofluorescence further testified the evidence of antigen as positive green signal within affected follicles. Further consideration to the reliability of various techniques employed, positive correlation (r=0.64623) was emerged out with conventional pathological scoring. Conclusion: It is concluded that the bursa acts as an organ of choice for demonstrating IBDV antigen for specific diagnosis of disease using immunohistochemistry (IHC), and IHC staining is a precise, specific, rapid, and reliable method to demonstrate the IBDV antigen in the altered tissues due to IBDV infection.

Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology, 2022

Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2020

The current study was done to comprehend the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in 100 raw chicken ... more The current study was done to comprehend the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in 100 raw chicken meat samples collected from the various retail shops and local butcher shops in Ludhiana, Punjab, to study the putative impact of contamination of meat during meat handling. C. jejuni was isolated from raw chicken meat and its localization was done by histopathology and various bio-molecular techniques like IHC and Fluorescence in situ hybridization. Prevalence of 8% was observed i.e. 08 out of 100 samples were positive and these samples were subjected to molecular identification using Fluorescence in situ hybridization technique to corroborate their presence in these meat samples. Histopathological analysis of the samples revealed changes in the tissues viz. heart, muscle, liver, kidney, and gizzard varying from degenerative changes, inflammation, and focal to multifocal areas of fibrosis. Bio-molecular techniques like immunohistochemistry (IHC) and FISH attested the presence of C. jejuni in meat samples.

The Indian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Biotechnology, Jul 15, 2007

The objective of the study was to determine the infectious agents responsible for causing diarrhe... more The objective of the study was to determine the infectious agents responsible for causing diarrhea in neonatal calves through immunohistochemistry. One hundred intestinal samples of dead calves with a history of diarrhea were collected from farms in and around Ludhiana and the postmortem hall of the Department of Veterinary Pathology, GADVASU, Ludhiana. All the samples were subjected to routine histopathology. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the presence of etiological agents in all of these samples. The primary gross lesions observed in the intestine were congestion, catarrhal enteritis, and fibrin on the mucosal surface. Common histopathologic observations were necrotic enteritis along with massive infiltration of mononuclear cells. 54 samples were found to be positive for Salmonella spp., 50 for Clostridium perfringens, 8 for Cryptosporidium spp., 4 for E. coli (K99), 4 for rotavirus. Eimeria spp. was also detected in 5 samples through immunohistochemistry. A total of 38 samples showed the involvement of multiple agents. The study concludes that calf diarrhea can be caused by multiple infectious etiological agents, either single or multiple, and that Clostridium perfringens and Salmonella spp were the main etiological agents responsible for causing diarrhea. Immunohistochemistry was found to be an effective tool for detecting the various etiological agents of calf diarrhea.

Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology, 2017

Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology

Exploratory Animal and Medical Research

The tick-borne intra-cellular parasite, Theileria annulata, causes mortality in bovines. Schizont... more The tick-borne intra-cellular parasite, Theileria annulata, causes mortality in bovines. Schizont of the parasite in lymphocytes divides continuously stimulating the clonal expansion of lymphoid cells in lymph nodes leading to the neoplasticlike lymphoid cell proliferation and sometimes may also cause lymphoma, especially in chronic conditions. Two cattle, with a history of fever and respiratory distress, were presented to the Large Animal Unit, Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, GADVASU. On clinical examination, the animals had a high fever (106-107ºF), anemia, icteric mucus membranes, and prescapular lymph node enlargement. Whole blood and fine needle aspirate from the lymph node were collected. A blood smear examination revealed anemia, leucopenia with relative lymphocytosis, and thrombocytopenia. Further, there was the presence of schizonts (Koch blue bodies) in the lymphocytes and piroplasms of T. annulata in the red blood cells. Lymph node aspirate examination revealed the feature that mimics lymphoma by the presence of a monomorphic population of lymphoblasts and with all stages of mitotic figures along with lymphoglandular bodies. Numerous schizonts were also recorded in the lymphoblasts during the examination of lymph node aspirate.

Haryana Veterinarian, 2018

Haryana Veterinarian, 2019

Exosomes are 30-100 nm, membrane-bound extra cellular vesicles that are shed by various types of ... more Exosomes are 30-100 nm, membrane-bound extra cellular vesicles that are shed by various types of cells under normal physiological as well as pathological conditions. They play a key role in immunology, intercellular communication, dissemination of pathogen and host-derived molecules during the infection. Exosomes act as a messenger between the cells normally and also in various pathological conditions which help in progression of diseases or cancer. This review discusses the role of exosomes in various pathological conditions and how the understanding of the mechanism of action of exosomes can lead to identification of various disease or cancer associated markers which can help in early diagnosis of any pathological conditions and hence there treatment.

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2020

Listeriosis caused by Listeria monocytogenes is an OIE enlisted infectious disease affecting rumi... more Listeriosis caused by Listeria monocytogenes is an OIE enlisted infectious disease affecting ruminants, monogastric animals and man. The infection is usually manifested by three distinct non-overlapping clinical syndromes, namely: meningoencephalitis, septicaemia and abortions 1 . Encephalitic listeriosis is more prevalent among ruminants, especially sheep. Encephalitic form resulting from abrasions of the buccal mucosa most likely follows an ascending infection along trigeminal nerve to the brain stem 2,3 . Meningoencephalitis caused by listeria produces characteristic lesions of micro-abscesses in the brain stem. The disease has been reported in small ruminants in an outbreak form in Punjab 4, 5 . The present paper reports the outbreaks of listeriosis in migratory flock of sheep and goat in Punjab and describes the clinical features, histopathological changes and confirmation by immunohistochemistry. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-770...

The present study was planned to investigate the cl inical and haemato-biochemical changes in F 0... more The present study was planned to investigate the cl inical and haemato-biochemical changes in F 0 male Wistar rats fed with graded doses of citrinin (CIT). The animals were divided into fo ur groups comprising 25 rats in each, viz., group I: 1ppm CIT; group II: 3p pm CIT; group III: 5ppm CIT; and group IV: 0 ppm CIT (control). After 10 weeks, rats were used to breed the female rats to get F 1 generation. After successful mating, all the male rats were killed at the end of the study on da y 105. Clinical signs, body weights and various haemato-biochemical parameters were estimated. The long-term dietary exposure to CIT in male rats resulted in anaemia, leucocytopenia due to lymphocytopenia and hepato-renal toxicity as evidenced by certain biochemical parameters.

Current Science, 2020

During lung fibrosis, acute pulmonary inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pl... more During lung fibrosis, acute pulmonary inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) play important roles. The present study analyses the ameliorative effect of baicalein, a bioactive flavonoid present in the dry roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, on bleomycin-induced acute lung injury and subsequent EMT. Mice received a single intratracheal instillation of saline containing bleomycin @1 mg/kg body wt. Baicalein in different doses (0.1, 1.0, 10 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally daily for one week. Pulmonary inflammation and EMT parameters were evaluated. Baicalein significantly attenuated bleomycin-induced pulmonary inflammatory and structural changes. Thus, treatment with baicalein ameliorates bleomycininduced acute inflammation and subsequent early stage of EMT.

PubMed, Nov 18, 2022

Pulmonary fibrosis is the end‑stage manifestation of wide range of respiratory diseases and durin... more Pulmonary fibrosis is the end‑stage manifestation of wide range of respiratory diseases and during pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary inflammation and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) play important roles. Salvianolic acid B (SAB) from the herb Salviae miltiorrhiza has been reported to possess an excellent anti‑inflammatory, antifibrotic and antioxidant activity. The present study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of SAB on bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Adult albino mice were divided as SHAM/control group (saline alone), BLM group (bleomycin @ 1mg/kg intratracheally once) and SAB groups (BLM challenged once and SAB administration in three dosages @ 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg intraperitoneally daily for 30 days). Lungs wet/dry ratio and protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, MPO activity, oxidative stress markers, hydroxyproline assay, levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF‑α, IL‑6 and TGF‑β1), NF‑κB activity, histopathology, immunostaining (E‑cadherin, vimentin and alpha ‑smooth muscle actin) and ultrastructural changes were studied. SAB showed anti‑inflammatory and anti‑fibrotic effects through inhibition of inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar structure disruption, and collagen deposition and the expression of several fibrogenic cytokines. SAB also up‑regulate E‑cadherin and down‑regulated vimentin and alpha‑smooth muscle actin expression. In conclusion, Salvianolic acid B is effective in alleviating the BLM induced lung fibrosis through suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation, histological, ultrastructural changes and EMT.

Journal of entomology and zoology studies, May 1, 2019

The present study was conducted to diagnose infectious laryngotracheitis disease (ILT) using gros... more The present study was conducted to diagnose infectious laryngotracheitis disease (ILT) using gross, histopathological, and immunohistochemical approaches. A total of 25 samples were collected from the four different poultry farms from Ludhiana and the nearby districts. Upon gross analysis of the necropsied birds, the relevant tissue samples such as trachea, larynx, lungs and air sacs were collected in 10% Neutral buffered formalin and were then processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. Grossly haemorrhages in the trachea and larynx were observed. The accumulation of small amount of mucus in the lumen of nares, larynx and trachea was also observed. Pneumonic changes of congestion, consolidation and red hepatisation were noticed in both the lungs. Histopathologic picture revealed loss of cilia, presence of mucus, congestion, increase number of goblet cells and lymphocytic infiltration. Formation of multinucleated giant cells (syncytia) with the presence of intranuclear inclusions was also observed. In two representative cases (2/25, 8%) of one outbreak, ILT antigen were mainly detected in the nucleus of tracheal epithelial cells as well as in cilia of trachea. Further, reliability of various techniques employed was considered and positive correlation (r=0.958833) was emerged out with conventional pathological scoring. It was concluded that the trachea acts as an organ of choice for demonstrating ILTV antigen for specific diagnosis of disease using immunohistochemistry.

PubMed, 2022

Background: Cryptosporidium, an opportunistic, zoonotic, apicomplexan parasite, is one of the mos... more Background: Cryptosporidium, an opportunistic, zoonotic, apicomplexan parasite, is one of the most common causes of diarrhea in neonatal bovine calves around the globe. Bovine calves act as a major source of infection by excreting huge numbers of highly resistant oocysts in faeces, which can survive for a long time in extreme environmental conditions. As low as ten oocysts can cause disease and mortality, leading to the requirement of an early and accurate diagnosis for proper and favorable prognosis, management, and control. Aims: The current study was conducted with the objective to evaluate various diagnostic techniques (acid fast staining, negative staining, fluorescent, ELISA, PCR, nested PCR, and qPCR) for the detection of Cryptosporidium in the faecal samples of diarrheic bovine calves. Methods: Two hundred diarrheic faecal samples from bovine calves were collected and subjected to these techniques for Cryptosporidium diagnosis. Results of these were evaluated for diagnostic comparison. Results: Out of 200 faecal samples evaluated, 24% (48/200) were detected positive for Cryptosporidium using a combination of two techniques as gold standard criteria. Cohen's kappa value indicated moderate to almost perfect agreement (0.616 to 0.986) among all the techniques used in the present study. Leishman staining showed the lowest sensitivity (54.17%), while nested PCR and qPCR showed the highest sensitivity (97.92%). Diagnostic specificity of all these tests ranged from 98.68 to 100%. Conclusion: Auramine stain was used for the first time in the bovine calves in India for the detection and diagnostic comparison of Cryptosporidium. It showed strong agreement with the molecular as well as classical diagnostic techniques, and can be used for primary screening for better diagnosis.

Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology, 2020

The present study was planned to investigate the clinical and haemato-biochemical changes in F 0 ... more The present study was planned to investigate the clinical and haemato-biochemical changes in F 0 male Wistar rats fed with graded doses of citrinin (CIT). The animals were divided into four groups comprising 25 rats in each, viz., group I: 1ppm CIT; group II: 3ppm CIT; group III: 5ppm CIT; and group IV: 0 ppm CIT (control). After 10 weeks, rats were used to breed the female rats to get F 1 generation. After successful mating, all the male rats were killed at the end of the study on day 105. Clinical signs, body weights and various haemato-biochemical parameters were estimated. The long-term dietary exposure to CIT in male rats resulted in anaemia, leucocytopenia due to lymphocytopenia and hepato-renal toxicity as evidenced by certain biochemical parameters.

Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology, 2023

Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology, 2022

Veterinary World, Nov 1, 2015

The aim of the present study was to diagnose infectious bursal disease (IBD) using gross, histopa... more The aim of the present study was to diagnose infectious bursal disease (IBD) using gross, histopathological, and immunopathological approaches and to compare efficacy of immunohistochemical techniques with conventional diagnostic techniques. Materials and Methods: A total of 33 samples were collected from the six different poultry farms from Ludhiana and the nearby districts. Upon gross analysis of the necropsied birds, the relevant tissue samples such as bursa, kidney, junction of proventriculus and gizzard, heart, and muscles were then processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. Results: Varied macroscopic changes were noted in bursa, characterized as swollen, hemorrhages to atrophy in size. Nonetheless, hemorrhages over thigh muscles were rarely seen. Histologically, the bursa showed prominent fibrotic and atrophic changes. Rarefaction of bursal follicles with intermittent infiltration of lympho-mononuclear cells with chronic cystic changes was additional changes, considered to be paramount for IBD. Expression and localization of IBD specific viral antigens were noticed mainly intracellular to the rarefied areas of bursal follicle section(s), in conjunction to inner lining of the cystic cavities of affected follicles. In addition, the junction of proventriculus and gizzard, the heart muscle, respiratory ciliated epithelium, and proventriculus also revealed positive expression to IBD virus (IBDV) antigen. Advanced immunopathological techniques, i.e., immunofluorescence further testified the evidence of antigen as positive green signal within affected follicles. Further consideration to the reliability of various techniques employed, positive correlation (r=0.64623) was emerged out with conventional pathological scoring. Conclusion: It is concluded that the bursa acts as an organ of choice for demonstrating IBDV antigen for specific diagnosis of disease using immunohistochemistry (IHC), and IHC staining is a precise, specific, rapid, and reliable method to demonstrate the IBDV antigen in the altered tissues due to IBDV infection.

Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology, 2022

Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2020

The current study was done to comprehend the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in 100 raw chicken ... more The current study was done to comprehend the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in 100 raw chicken meat samples collected from the various retail shops and local butcher shops in Ludhiana, Punjab, to study the putative impact of contamination of meat during meat handling. C. jejuni was isolated from raw chicken meat and its localization was done by histopathology and various bio-molecular techniques like IHC and Fluorescence in situ hybridization. Prevalence of 8% was observed i.e. 08 out of 100 samples were positive and these samples were subjected to molecular identification using Fluorescence in situ hybridization technique to corroborate their presence in these meat samples. Histopathological analysis of the samples revealed changes in the tissues viz. heart, muscle, liver, kidney, and gizzard varying from degenerative changes, inflammation, and focal to multifocal areas of fibrosis. Bio-molecular techniques like immunohistochemistry (IHC) and FISH attested the presence of C. jejuni in meat samples.

The Indian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Biotechnology, Jul 15, 2007

The objective of the study was to determine the infectious agents responsible for causing diarrhe... more The objective of the study was to determine the infectious agents responsible for causing diarrhea in neonatal calves through immunohistochemistry. One hundred intestinal samples of dead calves with a history of diarrhea were collected from farms in and around Ludhiana and the postmortem hall of the Department of Veterinary Pathology, GADVASU, Ludhiana. All the samples were subjected to routine histopathology. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the presence of etiological agents in all of these samples. The primary gross lesions observed in the intestine were congestion, catarrhal enteritis, and fibrin on the mucosal surface. Common histopathologic observations were necrotic enteritis along with massive infiltration of mononuclear cells. 54 samples were found to be positive for Salmonella spp., 50 for Clostridium perfringens, 8 for Cryptosporidium spp., 4 for E. coli (K99), 4 for rotavirus. Eimeria spp. was also detected in 5 samples through immunohistochemistry. A total of 38 samples showed the involvement of multiple agents. The study concludes that calf diarrhea can be caused by multiple infectious etiological agents, either single or multiple, and that Clostridium perfringens and Salmonella spp were the main etiological agents responsible for causing diarrhea. Immunohistochemistry was found to be an effective tool for detecting the various etiological agents of calf diarrhea.

Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology, 2017

Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology

Exploratory Animal and Medical Research

The tick-borne intra-cellular parasite, Theileria annulata, causes mortality in bovines. Schizont... more The tick-borne intra-cellular parasite, Theileria annulata, causes mortality in bovines. Schizont of the parasite in lymphocytes divides continuously stimulating the clonal expansion of lymphoid cells in lymph nodes leading to the neoplasticlike lymphoid cell proliferation and sometimes may also cause lymphoma, especially in chronic conditions. Two cattle, with a history of fever and respiratory distress, were presented to the Large Animal Unit, Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, GADVASU. On clinical examination, the animals had a high fever (106-107ºF), anemia, icteric mucus membranes, and prescapular lymph node enlargement. Whole blood and fine needle aspirate from the lymph node were collected. A blood smear examination revealed anemia, leucopenia with relative lymphocytosis, and thrombocytopenia. Further, there was the presence of schizonts (Koch blue bodies) in the lymphocytes and piroplasms of T. annulata in the red blood cells. Lymph node aspirate examination revealed the feature that mimics lymphoma by the presence of a monomorphic population of lymphoblasts and with all stages of mitotic figures along with lymphoglandular bodies. Numerous schizonts were also recorded in the lymphoblasts during the examination of lymph node aspirate.

Haryana Veterinarian, 2018

Haryana Veterinarian, 2019

Exosomes are 30-100 nm, membrane-bound extra cellular vesicles that are shed by various types of ... more Exosomes are 30-100 nm, membrane-bound extra cellular vesicles that are shed by various types of cells under normal physiological as well as pathological conditions. They play a key role in immunology, intercellular communication, dissemination of pathogen and host-derived molecules during the infection. Exosomes act as a messenger between the cells normally and also in various pathological conditions which help in progression of diseases or cancer. This review discusses the role of exosomes in various pathological conditions and how the understanding of the mechanism of action of exosomes can lead to identification of various disease or cancer associated markers which can help in early diagnosis of any pathological conditions and hence there treatment.

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2020

Listeriosis caused by Listeria monocytogenes is an OIE enlisted infectious disease affecting rumi... more Listeriosis caused by Listeria monocytogenes is an OIE enlisted infectious disease affecting ruminants, monogastric animals and man. The infection is usually manifested by three distinct non-overlapping clinical syndromes, namely: meningoencephalitis, septicaemia and abortions 1 . Encephalitic listeriosis is more prevalent among ruminants, especially sheep. Encephalitic form resulting from abrasions of the buccal mucosa most likely follows an ascending infection along trigeminal nerve to the brain stem 2,3 . Meningoencephalitis caused by listeria produces characteristic lesions of micro-abscesses in the brain stem. The disease has been reported in small ruminants in an outbreak form in Punjab 4, 5 . The present paper reports the outbreaks of listeriosis in migratory flock of sheep and goat in Punjab and describes the clinical features, histopathological changes and confirmation by immunohistochemistry. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-770...

The present study was planned to investigate the cl inical and haemato-biochemical changes in F 0... more The present study was planned to investigate the cl inical and haemato-biochemical changes in F 0 male Wistar rats fed with graded doses of citrinin (CIT). The animals were divided into fo ur groups comprising 25 rats in each, viz., group I: 1ppm CIT; group II: 3p pm CIT; group III: 5ppm CIT; and group IV: 0 ppm CIT (control). After 10 weeks, rats were used to breed the female rats to get F 1 generation. After successful mating, all the male rats were killed at the end of the study on da y 105. Clinical signs, body weights and various haemato-biochemical parameters were estimated. The long-term dietary exposure to CIT in male rats resulted in anaemia, leucocytopenia due to lymphocytopenia and hepato-renal toxicity as evidenced by certain biochemical parameters.

Current Science, 2020

During lung fibrosis, acute pulmonary inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pl... more During lung fibrosis, acute pulmonary inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) play important roles. The present study analyses the ameliorative effect of baicalein, a bioactive flavonoid present in the dry roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, on bleomycin-induced acute lung injury and subsequent EMT. Mice received a single intratracheal instillation of saline containing bleomycin @1 mg/kg body wt. Baicalein in different doses (0.1, 1.0, 10 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally daily for one week. Pulmonary inflammation and EMT parameters were evaluated. Baicalein significantly attenuated bleomycin-induced pulmonary inflammatory and structural changes. Thus, treatment with baicalein ameliorates bleomycininduced acute inflammation and subsequent early stage of EMT.