Geeta Sikand - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Geeta Sikand
Journal of Clinical Lipidology, Nov 1, 2022
American Journal of Cardiology, Sep 1, 2023
Journal of The American Dietetic Association, Sep 1, 2003
Journal of Clinical Lipidology, Jul 1, 2015
The first efforts to uncover the causes of cardiovascular disease focused on the behavioral, now ... more The first efforts to uncover the causes of cardiovascular disease focused on the behavioral, now called lifestyle habits of populations. Diet, exercise, and smoking were recognized as important issues with strong relationships in community-based observational studies such as the Seven Countries study, the Framingham Heart Study, and the Western Electric Study in Chicago. The first meaningful intervention in the United States was the dietary recommendations made by the American Heart Association in 1963 and the Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health in 1964. The American public listened and a very large change occurred in food consumption data and cigarette smoking over the next decade. These changes were mainly focused on men because the incidence of myocardial infarction was much higher in middle aged and older men than women. As smoking prevalence has decreased in men and increased in women and the population has aged, the differences in major vascular events have virtually disappeared. Women still enjoy a longer period of low rates but eventually the incidence rates approach those of men. As we constantly attempt to demonstrate ways of reducing risk by improved lifestyle it behooves us to re-evaluate the potential differences in gender response and adjust our expectations accordingly as clinicians.
Journal of The American Dietetic Association, Sep 1, 2001
were tested pre-and post-rotation using key feature exams between January 1999 and May 2000. Sign... more were tested pre-and post-rotation using key feature exams between January 1999 and May 2000. Significant differences (p<.05) were found in the ratio (posttest / pretest score) for two key feature exams between interns with and without online instruction. Key feature exams may provide alternative formats for educators and the Commission on Accreditation of Dietetic Education to evaluate entry-level practitioner competency.
Journal of Clinical Lipidology
Journal of Clinical Medicine
Dyslipidemia is a treatable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease that can be ad... more Dyslipidemia is a treatable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease that can be addressed through lifestyle changes and/or lipid-lowering therapies. Adherence to statins can be a clinical challenge in some patients due to statin-associated muscle symptoms and other side effects. There is a growing interest in integrative cardiology and nutraceuticals in the management of dyslipidemia, as some patients desire or are actively seeking a more natural approach. These agents have been used in patients with and without established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We provide an updated review of the evidence on many new and emerging nutraceuticals. We describe the mechanism of action, lipid-lowering effects, and side effects of many nutraceuticals, including red yeast rice, bergamot and others.
Current Atherosclerosis Reports
Purpose of Review Referral to nutrition care providers in the USA such as registered dietitian nu... more Purpose of Review Referral to nutrition care providers in the USA such as registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) for medical nutrition therapy (MNT) remains low. We summarize research on the effectiveness of MNT provided by dietitians versus usual care in the management of adults with dyslipidemia. Improvements in lipids/lipoproteins were examined. If reported, blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose (FBG) glycated hemoglobin (A1c), body mass index (BMI), and cost outcomes were also examined. Recent Findings The synthesis of three systematic reviews included thirty randomized controlled trials. Multiple MNT visits (3–6) provided by dietitians, compared with usual care, resulted in significant improvements in total cholesterol (mean range: − 4.64 to − 20.84 mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mean range: − 1.55 to − 11.56 mg/dl), triglycerides (mean range: − 15.9 to − 32.55 mg/dl), SBP (mean range: − 4.7 to − 8.76 mm Hg), BMI (mean: − 0.4 kg/m2), and A1c (− 0.38%). Cos...
Journal of Clinical Lipidology
Journal of Clinical Lipidology
Contemporary Cardiology, 2020
The American Journal of Medicine, 2022
In cardiology clinic visits, the discussion of optimal dietary patterns for prevention and manage... more In cardiology clinic visits, the discussion of optimal dietary patterns for prevention and management of cardiovascular disease is usually very limited. Herein, we explore the benefits and risks of various dietary patterns including intermittent fasting (IF), low carbohydrate, Paleolithic, whole food plant based diet and Mediterranean dietary patterns within the context of cardiovascular disease to empower clinicians with the evidence and information they need to maximally benefit their patients.
A healthy dietary pattern is a cornerstone for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular dis... more A healthy dietary pattern is a cornerstone for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Compelling scientific evidence has shown many health effects of individual foods (including herbs and spices), beverages, and their constituent nutrients and bioactive components on risk of chronic disease and associated risk factors. The focus of functional foods research that is reviewed herein has been on assessing the health effects and underlying mechanisms of action of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, dairy products including fermented products, legumes, nuts, green tea, spices, olive oil, seafood, red wine, herbs, and spices. The unique health benefits of these functional foods have been the basis for recommending their inclusion in a healthy dietary pattern. A better understanding of strategies for optimally including functional foods in a healthy dietary pattern will confer greater benefits on the prevention and treatment of CVD and T2DM.
Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 2008
Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 1996
Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: The participant will be able to quantify the % reduction in lipids and... more Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: The participant will be able to quantify the % reduction in lipids and the cost savings in hypercholesterolemic patients with 3 visits with a registered dietitian over 8 weeks. Reducing high blood cholesterol by lower cost treatment alternatives such as medical nutrition therapy (MNT) by a registered dietitian (RD) may help reduce health care costs. A retrospective medical records review was conducted of 95 hypercholesterolemic male veterans undergoing an 8 week dietary intervention in preparation for a cholesterol lowering clinical trial. Complete information was available on 74 subjects, 32 to 75 years old (60.9±9.9, mean±SD). MNT significantly lowered total cholesterol (TC) 13%, low density lipoprotein (LDL) 15%, triglyceride (TG) 11% and high density lipoprotein (HDL) 4% at 6.78±.71 (range=6 to 8) weeks. Pre and post treatment lipids were: TC 270±33 vs 235±26 (p
Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 1995
Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 2008
During the past few decades numerous studies have reported the atherogenic potential of saturated... more During the past few decades numerous studies have reported the atherogenic potential of saturated fatty acids, trans-fatty acids, and cholesterol, and beneficial effects of fiber, phytostanols/phytosterols, n-3 fatty acids, a Mediterranean diet, and other plant-based approaches. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive and systematic review of the evidence associated with key dietary factors and risk of cardiovascular disease-an umbrella term encompassing diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels, including coronary heart disease, coronary artery disease, dyslipidemia, and hypertension-in conjunction with the work of the American Dietetic Association Evidence Analysis Library review on diet and lipids, updated with new evidence from the past 2 years. The criteria used and results cited provide scientific rationale for food and nutrition professionals and other health professionals for counseling patients. Details of these searches are available within the American Dietetic Association Evidence Analysis Library online (http://adaevidencelibrary.com). Potential mechanisms and needs for future research are summarized for each relevant nutrient, food, or food component.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1996
During this time period, mean age at initial ICD implant increased from 60.0 yrs to 63.4 yrs. Reg... more During this time period, mean age at initial ICD implant increased from 60.0 yrs to 63.4 yrs. Regression analysis showed an average increase in age at implant of 140 days/yr (p-~ 0.001). Although the overall mean age for females was lower than for males (60 ± 12.6 yrs vs. 62.5 ± 10.6 yrs, p < 0.001), there was no difference in the average increase in age for each year of observation. The proportion of pts of Medicare-eligible age (>_ 65 yr) increased from 39% in 1986 to 53% in 1994 (p < 0.001). The US population >_. 65 yrs old, increased from 12.1% to 12.8% over the same time period. Conclusions: I) Future public policy decisions regarding Medicare funding of devices and other invastigationat medical procedures must consider the Increasing age of recipients of that technology. 2) Specifically for ICD, our find;ngs suggest that by the year 2000, two-thirds of all patients receiving an ICD will be of Medicare age.
Journal of Clinical Lipidology, 2013
Journal of Clinical Lipidology, Nov 1, 2022
American Journal of Cardiology, Sep 1, 2023
Journal of The American Dietetic Association, Sep 1, 2003
Journal of Clinical Lipidology, Jul 1, 2015
The first efforts to uncover the causes of cardiovascular disease focused on the behavioral, now ... more The first efforts to uncover the causes of cardiovascular disease focused on the behavioral, now called lifestyle habits of populations. Diet, exercise, and smoking were recognized as important issues with strong relationships in community-based observational studies such as the Seven Countries study, the Framingham Heart Study, and the Western Electric Study in Chicago. The first meaningful intervention in the United States was the dietary recommendations made by the American Heart Association in 1963 and the Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health in 1964. The American public listened and a very large change occurred in food consumption data and cigarette smoking over the next decade. These changes were mainly focused on men because the incidence of myocardial infarction was much higher in middle aged and older men than women. As smoking prevalence has decreased in men and increased in women and the population has aged, the differences in major vascular events have virtually disappeared. Women still enjoy a longer period of low rates but eventually the incidence rates approach those of men. As we constantly attempt to demonstrate ways of reducing risk by improved lifestyle it behooves us to re-evaluate the potential differences in gender response and adjust our expectations accordingly as clinicians.
Journal of The American Dietetic Association, Sep 1, 2001
were tested pre-and post-rotation using key feature exams between January 1999 and May 2000. Sign... more were tested pre-and post-rotation using key feature exams between January 1999 and May 2000. Significant differences (p<.05) were found in the ratio (posttest / pretest score) for two key feature exams between interns with and without online instruction. Key feature exams may provide alternative formats for educators and the Commission on Accreditation of Dietetic Education to evaluate entry-level practitioner competency.
Journal of Clinical Lipidology
Journal of Clinical Medicine
Dyslipidemia is a treatable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease that can be ad... more Dyslipidemia is a treatable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease that can be addressed through lifestyle changes and/or lipid-lowering therapies. Adherence to statins can be a clinical challenge in some patients due to statin-associated muscle symptoms and other side effects. There is a growing interest in integrative cardiology and nutraceuticals in the management of dyslipidemia, as some patients desire or are actively seeking a more natural approach. These agents have been used in patients with and without established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We provide an updated review of the evidence on many new and emerging nutraceuticals. We describe the mechanism of action, lipid-lowering effects, and side effects of many nutraceuticals, including red yeast rice, bergamot and others.
Current Atherosclerosis Reports
Purpose of Review Referral to nutrition care providers in the USA such as registered dietitian nu... more Purpose of Review Referral to nutrition care providers in the USA such as registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) for medical nutrition therapy (MNT) remains low. We summarize research on the effectiveness of MNT provided by dietitians versus usual care in the management of adults with dyslipidemia. Improvements in lipids/lipoproteins were examined. If reported, blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose (FBG) glycated hemoglobin (A1c), body mass index (BMI), and cost outcomes were also examined. Recent Findings The synthesis of three systematic reviews included thirty randomized controlled trials. Multiple MNT visits (3–6) provided by dietitians, compared with usual care, resulted in significant improvements in total cholesterol (mean range: − 4.64 to − 20.84 mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mean range: − 1.55 to − 11.56 mg/dl), triglycerides (mean range: − 15.9 to − 32.55 mg/dl), SBP (mean range: − 4.7 to − 8.76 mm Hg), BMI (mean: − 0.4 kg/m2), and A1c (− 0.38%). Cos...
Journal of Clinical Lipidology
Journal of Clinical Lipidology
Contemporary Cardiology, 2020
The American Journal of Medicine, 2022
In cardiology clinic visits, the discussion of optimal dietary patterns for prevention and manage... more In cardiology clinic visits, the discussion of optimal dietary patterns for prevention and management of cardiovascular disease is usually very limited. Herein, we explore the benefits and risks of various dietary patterns including intermittent fasting (IF), low carbohydrate, Paleolithic, whole food plant based diet and Mediterranean dietary patterns within the context of cardiovascular disease to empower clinicians with the evidence and information they need to maximally benefit their patients.
A healthy dietary pattern is a cornerstone for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular dis... more A healthy dietary pattern is a cornerstone for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Compelling scientific evidence has shown many health effects of individual foods (including herbs and spices), beverages, and their constituent nutrients and bioactive components on risk of chronic disease and associated risk factors. The focus of functional foods research that is reviewed herein has been on assessing the health effects and underlying mechanisms of action of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, dairy products including fermented products, legumes, nuts, green tea, spices, olive oil, seafood, red wine, herbs, and spices. The unique health benefits of these functional foods have been the basis for recommending their inclusion in a healthy dietary pattern. A better understanding of strategies for optimally including functional foods in a healthy dietary pattern will confer greater benefits on the prevention and treatment of CVD and T2DM.
Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 2008
Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 1996
Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: The participant will be able to quantify the % reduction in lipids and... more Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: The participant will be able to quantify the % reduction in lipids and the cost savings in hypercholesterolemic patients with 3 visits with a registered dietitian over 8 weeks. Reducing high blood cholesterol by lower cost treatment alternatives such as medical nutrition therapy (MNT) by a registered dietitian (RD) may help reduce health care costs. A retrospective medical records review was conducted of 95 hypercholesterolemic male veterans undergoing an 8 week dietary intervention in preparation for a cholesterol lowering clinical trial. Complete information was available on 74 subjects, 32 to 75 years old (60.9±9.9, mean±SD). MNT significantly lowered total cholesterol (TC) 13%, low density lipoprotein (LDL) 15%, triglyceride (TG) 11% and high density lipoprotein (HDL) 4% at 6.78±.71 (range=6 to 8) weeks. Pre and post treatment lipids were: TC 270±33 vs 235±26 (p
Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 1995
Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 2008
During the past few decades numerous studies have reported the atherogenic potential of saturated... more During the past few decades numerous studies have reported the atherogenic potential of saturated fatty acids, trans-fatty acids, and cholesterol, and beneficial effects of fiber, phytostanols/phytosterols, n-3 fatty acids, a Mediterranean diet, and other plant-based approaches. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive and systematic review of the evidence associated with key dietary factors and risk of cardiovascular disease-an umbrella term encompassing diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels, including coronary heart disease, coronary artery disease, dyslipidemia, and hypertension-in conjunction with the work of the American Dietetic Association Evidence Analysis Library review on diet and lipids, updated with new evidence from the past 2 years. The criteria used and results cited provide scientific rationale for food and nutrition professionals and other health professionals for counseling patients. Details of these searches are available within the American Dietetic Association Evidence Analysis Library online (http://adaevidencelibrary.com). Potential mechanisms and needs for future research are summarized for each relevant nutrient, food, or food component.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1996
During this time period, mean age at initial ICD implant increased from 60.0 yrs to 63.4 yrs. Reg... more During this time period, mean age at initial ICD implant increased from 60.0 yrs to 63.4 yrs. Regression analysis showed an average increase in age at implant of 140 days/yr (p-~ 0.001). Although the overall mean age for females was lower than for males (60 ± 12.6 yrs vs. 62.5 ± 10.6 yrs, p < 0.001), there was no difference in the average increase in age for each year of observation. The proportion of pts of Medicare-eligible age (>_ 65 yr) increased from 39% in 1986 to 53% in 1994 (p < 0.001). The US population >_. 65 yrs old, increased from 12.1% to 12.8% over the same time period. Conclusions: I) Future public policy decisions regarding Medicare funding of devices and other invastigationat medical procedures must consider the Increasing age of recipients of that technology. 2) Specifically for ICD, our find;ngs suggest that by the year 2000, two-thirds of all patients receiving an ICD will be of Medicare age.
Journal of Clinical Lipidology, 2013