C. Geissler - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by C. Geissler
Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 1992
... Correspondence to: Sheldon Margen, MD, School of Public Health, University of California, Ber... more ... Correspondence to: Sheldon Margen, MD, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 ... Sub-sequent increases in height of children from the same area (Receveur et al., 1990) and of Mexican-Americans in general (Martorell, Mendoza and Castillo, 1989 ...
http://isrctn.org/>, 2013
This chapter aims to identify; The main sources of nutrients in Western diets. To understand the ... more This chapter aims to identify; The main sources of nutrients in Western diets. To understand the social, psychological, geographic and economic factors determining food choices and diet patterns. To appreciate the similarities and variability in food and nutrient patterns in different population groups and countries. To be aware of changing trends, over time including novel foods.
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 1999
has been described as 'one of the giants who will leave an enormous gap in the field of food scie... more has been described as 'one of the giants who will leave an enormous gap in the field of food science and nutrition'. He made important contributions to these subjects not only in the basic science but also by building bridges between the disciplines of food science and nutrition, academia and the food industry, bench science and its practical application, as well as between scientific research and public understanding. He was a man of encyclopaedic knowledge, renowned for his rapid recall of an infinite number of facts delivered with humorous anecdotes. His unassuming authority and energy brought him international recognition. He reached the age of 80 years last summer, and although he had been officially retired for 15 years, he did not lie back on his laurels but
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 1999
In 1996 the population of China reached 1.23 billion, 22 % of the world population, and is expect... more In 1996 the population of China reached 1.23 billion, 22 % of the world population, and is expected to increase to 1.5 billion by 2020. As China has only 7 % of the world's arable land such population increases are likely to have an important impact on food supply in China and the world. Projections of the potential impact are discussed. The restructuring of Chinese agriculture at the end of the 1970s has led to dramatic increases in agricultural production and food consumption, in particular of animal products, fruit and vegetables. Along with these rapid changes there is evidence of a nutrition transition in which diseases associated with affluence are becoming more prevalent than deficiency diseases. This transition has led to concern about the evolving dietary pattern. The replacement of legumes, including soyabean, by meat and other animal products as rich sources of protein and other nutrients has been controversially argued on grounds of nutritional health, ecological imp...
International journal of obesity, 1991
The effect of ephedrine (30 mg) and aspirin (300 mg) on the acute thermogenic response to a liqui... more The effect of ephedrine (30 mg) and aspirin (300 mg) on the acute thermogenic response to a liquid meal (250 kcal) was investigated in lean and obese women (n = 10 each group). Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured prior to each of the following treatments: meal only (M), meal plus ephedrine (ME) or meal plus ephedrine and aspirin (MEA). Eight post-treatment measurements of metabolic rate were made over a total of 160 minutes. Rise in post-treatment metabolic rate was compared to the baseline RMR. Following the M treatment, the mean increase in metabolic rate was 0.17 +/- 0.01 and 0.13 +/- 0.02 kcal/min in the lean and obese groups respectively, with the corresponding rises being 0.21 +/- 0.02 and 0.19 +/- 0.02 kcal/min following the ME, and 0.23 +/- 0.03 and 0.23 +/- 0.01 kcal/min following the MEA. The increase in post-prandial thermogenesis with the ephedrine or ephedrine plus aspirin was significant in the obese group (P less than 0.03 and P less than 0.001 respectively) but...
Food Policy, 1982
The relationship between GNP and nutritional status between countries shows a high correlation. T... more The relationship between GNP and nutritional status between countries shows a high correlation. This study of two countries with the same GNP (Thailand and Philippines) investigated their use of equal resources and the impact on nutritional status. Malnutrition is more prevalent in the Philippines than Thailand despite an extensive national nutrition programme in the Philippines, better medical and educational services and safer water supplies. The most important underlying economic factor is not income distribution but rather the cost of living, particularly for basic needs. Finally, it is concluded that although GNP is closely related to nutritional status between countries, the longitudinal correlations within a country are much weaker.
Woodall, Jean and Geissler, Catherine and Anderson, Valerie and Atfield, Richard and Brown, Norri... more Woodall, Jean and Geissler, Catherine and Anderson, Valerie and Atfield, Richard and Brown, Norrie and Bryson, Colin and Clark, Joe and Courtney, Nigel and Davies, Julie and Gibbon, Carolyn and Margolis, Judith and Master, Hugh and Morgan, Arthur and Ousey, Karen (2009) Supporting part-time teaching staff in higher education: perspectives from business and health. Project Report. Oxford Brooks University. ... Full text not available from this repository. ... Official URL: http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/bmaf/documents/p...
Food Policy, 1990
... Samar ElDaher and Catherine Geissler Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences Kings Colleg... more ... Samar ElDaher and Catherine Geissler Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences Kings College London, UK 'World Bank, World Development ... "MS AIAttar, Economic and Social De velopment in the Yemen, Algerian National Press, Algiers, 1965; MA Ghaleb, Gov ernment ...
The international journal of psychiatric nursing research, 2006
Argentinean women have one of the highest international mortality rates for cardiovascular diseas... more Argentinean women have one of the highest international mortality rates for cardiovascular disease and they are particularly vulnerable to eating pathologies. Cardiovascular risk is exacerbated in women with Anorexia Nervosa (AN), since high cholesterol concentrations have been widely reported. To compare blood cholesterol concentrations in AN patients with controls, and to correlate cholesterol with the body mass index (BMI), patient age, vomiting and tobacco. Cholesterol measurements documented at diagnosis from the clinical notes of patients were recorded from the Association Against Bulimia and Anorexia (ALUBA). Comparison was carried out with data of the general Argentinean public. Total cholesterol, LDL and HDL concentrations were higher in patients compared with controls. Total cholesterol in patients decreased during treatment and it was correlated with the patient age, but with no other variable. The abnormal lipid profile places patients at risk for cardiovascular disease....
Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 1992
This paper and the following one both demonstrate an adverse impact of mothers' work outside the ... more This paper and the following one both demonstrate an adverse impact of mothers' work outside the home on the health and development of their infants and preschool children and explore the reasons for it. Although both are local studies, they have been accepted for publication because of their wider implications. The first paper, based on work in rural Iran, concludes that the mechanisms for this effect are not primarily financial. Because it would be very difficult to change the pattern of women's economic activities in such a society, it is suggested that seasonal day-care centres are the most feasible means of alleviating the problem. The lack of funds for foods with an adequate density of protein and calories, plus the tendency to offer such foods only in over-diluted form, is widespread. The following paper, by Wandel and Holmboe Ottesen, based on work in rural Tanzania, comes to quite different conclusions. The authors find that "the amount of mothers' field work did not seem to have any profound or conclusive relationship to children's nutrition stands" because of buffering or compensating circumstances. In this society, unlike many others, women's time constraints do not appear to be important in explaining the variation in children's nutrition status. However, because three meals per day was seen as an absolute maximum that could be provided to young children, advice about more frequent feeding or more time-consuming food preparation is not likely to be accepted. The Bulletin always tries to judge the usefulness of a local study in a country to policy makers, programme planners, and researchers in other countries. It usually rejects descriptive studies that do not either have applicability to some other situations or introduce new methodological considerations. The publication of these two contrasting works concurrently is warning once again that the conclusions from studies in one population may or may not be applicable to other populations. This can be determined only by investigation of their local appropriateness.
Tiers-Monde, 1977
LE BALOUTCHISTAN IRANIEN. Un réservoir de travailleurs sous-alimentés pour les Emirats. par Thier... more LE BALOUTCHISTAN IRANIEN. Un réservoir de travailleurs sous-alimentés pour les Emirats. par Thierry A. Brun*, C. Geissler** et F. Bel***. ... THIERRY A. BRUN, С. GEISSLER ET F. BEL. tives des « Amirs » auxquels les Sardars déléguaient une partie de leur autorité. ...
British Journal of …, 1996
Vitamin A status of 260 groups of twenty-five males or twenty-five females, aged 3564 years, sur... more Vitamin A status of 260 groups of twenty-five males or twenty-five females, aged 3564 years, surveyed in twenty-four provinces of the People's Republic of China, was assessed by measuring plasma retinol, retinol-binding protein and β-carotene concentrations. Direct ...
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1996
To assess the relationship between feeding pattern and body mass index in free-living humans. Fee... more To assess the relationship between feeding pattern and body mass index in free-living humans. Feeding pattern was assessed from 220 7-day weighed dietary records. 187 records were obtained from three separate existing studies, and reanalysed. These studies contained data on three age groups in the British population; Elderly group (n = 88), Middle-aged group (n = 40), Working age group (n = 59). A separate study of 13-14 year olds living in Croydon was conducted from which 33 usable diet records were collected to produce a fourth, Adolescent group. 'Nibbling' and greater energy intakes at breakfast were associated with a lower body mass index (BMI) in the Adolescent group. In the Middle-aged group, greater energy intakes at breakfast and lower energy intakes during the evening were associated with a lower BMI. However, when diet records which produced unreasonably low energy intakes were removed from the analysis, these relationships disappeared except for energy intakes at ...
In semi-arid landscapes vegetation succession on abandoned agricultural land is a long lasting pr... more In semi-arid landscapes vegetation succession on abandoned agricultural land is a long lasting process due to the water deficit for the best time of the year. During this phase of succession, geomorphic processes like the formation and development of rills, gullies and other geomorphic processes lead to a more or less constant deterioration of the abandoned land. But also on currently cultivated land and under quasi-natural vegetation the processes of soil degradation by flowing water take place. Regarding small catchments like gully catchments, the topography and the land cover (abandoned land, cultivated land, quasi-natural vegetation) are highly important factors in gully formation and soil degradation. Another important point is the distribution of different land cover units and therefore the connectivity of the catchment as described by Bracken & Croke (2007). In this study, 11 catchments of single gullies have been mapped geomorphologically and compared to the rate of gully de...
European journal of clinical nutrition, 1993
One hundred and seventy-two 0.5-3.0-year-old children in a mountainous area of northern Hebei Pro... more One hundred and seventy-two 0.5-3.0-year-old children in a mountainous area of northern Hebei Province of China were randomly assigned to a vitamin A supplementation group (n = 98) or a control group (n = 74) for a 1 year double-blind study. Capsules containing 200,000 IU vitamin A and 40 IU vitamin E were given to the children in the experimental group 3 and 9 months after baseline examination. During the 12 month study period, there was a significant reduction in the incidence of diarrhoea (P < 0.01) and respiratory disease (P < 0.01) in the children of the experimental group compared to the control. Risk of diarrhoea and respiratory disease were respectively 2.5 and 3.4 times higher in the control children. Serum retinol and IgA levels of the treatment group were significantly higher than that of control group (P < 0.01) 7 weeks after first supplementation. There was no significant difference in saliva IgA level between groups. No significant differences in growth were o...
Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 1985
The assumption is currently made by international organisations that individuals of the same size... more The assumption is currently made by international organisations that individuals of the same size living in the same environment and having the same mode of living will have the same energy requirements whatever their race. Reports of very low energy intakes are frequently doubted. To investigate possible racial differences the energy cost of standardised activities was measured in European, Asian, and African males under the same experimental conditions. Subjects were closely matched for height, weight and Quetelet index. The energy cost of each activity, lying, sitting and standing, was significantly higher, by 10-17%, in Europeans as compared to Asians and Africans, between whom no differences were found. Whether these differences are morphological or metabolic is discussed. It is concluded that differences in energy requirements do exist over and above those due to body size and activity.
Ecology of food and nutrition, 1992
... China: from diseases of poverty to diseases of affluence policy implications of the epidemiol... more ... China: from diseases of poverty to diseases of affluence policy implications of the epidemiologicaltransition ... Ecology of food and nutrition ISSN 0367-0244 CODEN ECFNBN ... China ; Health ; Poverty ; High calorie diet ; Mortality ; Etiology ; Nutritional status ; Health policy ; Public ...
Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 1992
... Correspondence to: Sheldon Margen, MD, School of Public Health, University of California, Ber... more ... Correspondence to: Sheldon Margen, MD, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 ... Sub-sequent increases in height of children from the same area (Receveur et al., 1990) and of Mexican-Americans in general (Martorell, Mendoza and Castillo, 1989 ...
http://isrctn.org/>, 2013
This chapter aims to identify; The main sources of nutrients in Western diets. To understand the ... more This chapter aims to identify; The main sources of nutrients in Western diets. To understand the social, psychological, geographic and economic factors determining food choices and diet patterns. To appreciate the similarities and variability in food and nutrient patterns in different population groups and countries. To be aware of changing trends, over time including novel foods.
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 1999
has been described as 'one of the giants who will leave an enormous gap in the field of food scie... more has been described as 'one of the giants who will leave an enormous gap in the field of food science and nutrition'. He made important contributions to these subjects not only in the basic science but also by building bridges between the disciplines of food science and nutrition, academia and the food industry, bench science and its practical application, as well as between scientific research and public understanding. He was a man of encyclopaedic knowledge, renowned for his rapid recall of an infinite number of facts delivered with humorous anecdotes. His unassuming authority and energy brought him international recognition. He reached the age of 80 years last summer, and although he had been officially retired for 15 years, he did not lie back on his laurels but
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 1999
In 1996 the population of China reached 1.23 billion, 22 % of the world population, and is expect... more In 1996 the population of China reached 1.23 billion, 22 % of the world population, and is expected to increase to 1.5 billion by 2020. As China has only 7 % of the world's arable land such population increases are likely to have an important impact on food supply in China and the world. Projections of the potential impact are discussed. The restructuring of Chinese agriculture at the end of the 1970s has led to dramatic increases in agricultural production and food consumption, in particular of animal products, fruit and vegetables. Along with these rapid changes there is evidence of a nutrition transition in which diseases associated with affluence are becoming more prevalent than deficiency diseases. This transition has led to concern about the evolving dietary pattern. The replacement of legumes, including soyabean, by meat and other animal products as rich sources of protein and other nutrients has been controversially argued on grounds of nutritional health, ecological imp...
International journal of obesity, 1991
The effect of ephedrine (30 mg) and aspirin (300 mg) on the acute thermogenic response to a liqui... more The effect of ephedrine (30 mg) and aspirin (300 mg) on the acute thermogenic response to a liquid meal (250 kcal) was investigated in lean and obese women (n = 10 each group). Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured prior to each of the following treatments: meal only (M), meal plus ephedrine (ME) or meal plus ephedrine and aspirin (MEA). Eight post-treatment measurements of metabolic rate were made over a total of 160 minutes. Rise in post-treatment metabolic rate was compared to the baseline RMR. Following the M treatment, the mean increase in metabolic rate was 0.17 +/- 0.01 and 0.13 +/- 0.02 kcal/min in the lean and obese groups respectively, with the corresponding rises being 0.21 +/- 0.02 and 0.19 +/- 0.02 kcal/min following the ME, and 0.23 +/- 0.03 and 0.23 +/- 0.01 kcal/min following the MEA. The increase in post-prandial thermogenesis with the ephedrine or ephedrine plus aspirin was significant in the obese group (P less than 0.03 and P less than 0.001 respectively) but...
Food Policy, 1982
The relationship between GNP and nutritional status between countries shows a high correlation. T... more The relationship between GNP and nutritional status between countries shows a high correlation. This study of two countries with the same GNP (Thailand and Philippines) investigated their use of equal resources and the impact on nutritional status. Malnutrition is more prevalent in the Philippines than Thailand despite an extensive national nutrition programme in the Philippines, better medical and educational services and safer water supplies. The most important underlying economic factor is not income distribution but rather the cost of living, particularly for basic needs. Finally, it is concluded that although GNP is closely related to nutritional status between countries, the longitudinal correlations within a country are much weaker.
Woodall, Jean and Geissler, Catherine and Anderson, Valerie and Atfield, Richard and Brown, Norri... more Woodall, Jean and Geissler, Catherine and Anderson, Valerie and Atfield, Richard and Brown, Norrie and Bryson, Colin and Clark, Joe and Courtney, Nigel and Davies, Julie and Gibbon, Carolyn and Margolis, Judith and Master, Hugh and Morgan, Arthur and Ousey, Karen (2009) Supporting part-time teaching staff in higher education: perspectives from business and health. Project Report. Oxford Brooks University. ... Full text not available from this repository. ... Official URL: http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/bmaf/documents/p...
Food Policy, 1990
... Samar ElDaher and Catherine Geissler Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences Kings Colleg... more ... Samar ElDaher and Catherine Geissler Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences Kings College London, UK &#x27;World Bank, World Development ... &quot;MS AIAttar, Economic and Social De velopment in the Yemen, Algerian National Press, Algiers, 1965; MA Ghaleb, Gov ernment ...
The international journal of psychiatric nursing research, 2006
Argentinean women have one of the highest international mortality rates for cardiovascular diseas... more Argentinean women have one of the highest international mortality rates for cardiovascular disease and they are particularly vulnerable to eating pathologies. Cardiovascular risk is exacerbated in women with Anorexia Nervosa (AN), since high cholesterol concentrations have been widely reported. To compare blood cholesterol concentrations in AN patients with controls, and to correlate cholesterol with the body mass index (BMI), patient age, vomiting and tobacco. Cholesterol measurements documented at diagnosis from the clinical notes of patients were recorded from the Association Against Bulimia and Anorexia (ALUBA). Comparison was carried out with data of the general Argentinean public. Total cholesterol, LDL and HDL concentrations were higher in patients compared with controls. Total cholesterol in patients decreased during treatment and it was correlated with the patient age, but with no other variable. The abnormal lipid profile places patients at risk for cardiovascular disease....
Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 1992
This paper and the following one both demonstrate an adverse impact of mothers' work outside the ... more This paper and the following one both demonstrate an adverse impact of mothers' work outside the home on the health and development of their infants and preschool children and explore the reasons for it. Although both are local studies, they have been accepted for publication because of their wider implications. The first paper, based on work in rural Iran, concludes that the mechanisms for this effect are not primarily financial. Because it would be very difficult to change the pattern of women's economic activities in such a society, it is suggested that seasonal day-care centres are the most feasible means of alleviating the problem. The lack of funds for foods with an adequate density of protein and calories, plus the tendency to offer such foods only in over-diluted form, is widespread. The following paper, by Wandel and Holmboe Ottesen, based on work in rural Tanzania, comes to quite different conclusions. The authors find that "the amount of mothers' field work did not seem to have any profound or conclusive relationship to children's nutrition stands" because of buffering or compensating circumstances. In this society, unlike many others, women's time constraints do not appear to be important in explaining the variation in children's nutrition status. However, because three meals per day was seen as an absolute maximum that could be provided to young children, advice about more frequent feeding or more time-consuming food preparation is not likely to be accepted. The Bulletin always tries to judge the usefulness of a local study in a country to policy makers, programme planners, and researchers in other countries. It usually rejects descriptive studies that do not either have applicability to some other situations or introduce new methodological considerations. The publication of these two contrasting works concurrently is warning once again that the conclusions from studies in one population may or may not be applicable to other populations. This can be determined only by investigation of their local appropriateness.
Tiers-Monde, 1977
LE BALOUTCHISTAN IRANIEN. Un réservoir de travailleurs sous-alimentés pour les Emirats. par Thier... more LE BALOUTCHISTAN IRANIEN. Un réservoir de travailleurs sous-alimentés pour les Emirats. par Thierry A. Brun*, C. Geissler** et F. Bel***. ... THIERRY A. BRUN, С. GEISSLER ET F. BEL. tives des « Amirs » auxquels les Sardars déléguaient une partie de leur autorité. ...
British Journal of …, 1996
Vitamin A status of 260 groups of twenty-five males or twenty-five females, aged 3564 years, sur... more Vitamin A status of 260 groups of twenty-five males or twenty-five females, aged 3564 years, surveyed in twenty-four provinces of the People's Republic of China, was assessed by measuring plasma retinol, retinol-binding protein and β-carotene concentrations. Direct ...
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1996
To assess the relationship between feeding pattern and body mass index in free-living humans. Fee... more To assess the relationship between feeding pattern and body mass index in free-living humans. Feeding pattern was assessed from 220 7-day weighed dietary records. 187 records were obtained from three separate existing studies, and reanalysed. These studies contained data on three age groups in the British population; Elderly group (n = 88), Middle-aged group (n = 40), Working age group (n = 59). A separate study of 13-14 year olds living in Croydon was conducted from which 33 usable diet records were collected to produce a fourth, Adolescent group. 'Nibbling' and greater energy intakes at breakfast were associated with a lower body mass index (BMI) in the Adolescent group. In the Middle-aged group, greater energy intakes at breakfast and lower energy intakes during the evening were associated with a lower BMI. However, when diet records which produced unreasonably low energy intakes were removed from the analysis, these relationships disappeared except for energy intakes at ...
In semi-arid landscapes vegetation succession on abandoned agricultural land is a long lasting pr... more In semi-arid landscapes vegetation succession on abandoned agricultural land is a long lasting process due to the water deficit for the best time of the year. During this phase of succession, geomorphic processes like the formation and development of rills, gullies and other geomorphic processes lead to a more or less constant deterioration of the abandoned land. But also on currently cultivated land and under quasi-natural vegetation the processes of soil degradation by flowing water take place. Regarding small catchments like gully catchments, the topography and the land cover (abandoned land, cultivated land, quasi-natural vegetation) are highly important factors in gully formation and soil degradation. Another important point is the distribution of different land cover units and therefore the connectivity of the catchment as described by Bracken & Croke (2007). In this study, 11 catchments of single gullies have been mapped geomorphologically and compared to the rate of gully de...
European journal of clinical nutrition, 1993
One hundred and seventy-two 0.5-3.0-year-old children in a mountainous area of northern Hebei Pro... more One hundred and seventy-two 0.5-3.0-year-old children in a mountainous area of northern Hebei Province of China were randomly assigned to a vitamin A supplementation group (n = 98) or a control group (n = 74) for a 1 year double-blind study. Capsules containing 200,000 IU vitamin A and 40 IU vitamin E were given to the children in the experimental group 3 and 9 months after baseline examination. During the 12 month study period, there was a significant reduction in the incidence of diarrhoea (P < 0.01) and respiratory disease (P < 0.01) in the children of the experimental group compared to the control. Risk of diarrhoea and respiratory disease were respectively 2.5 and 3.4 times higher in the control children. Serum retinol and IgA levels of the treatment group were significantly higher than that of control group (P < 0.01) 7 weeks after first supplementation. There was no significant difference in saliva IgA level between groups. No significant differences in growth were o...
Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 1985
The assumption is currently made by international organisations that individuals of the same size... more The assumption is currently made by international organisations that individuals of the same size living in the same environment and having the same mode of living will have the same energy requirements whatever their race. Reports of very low energy intakes are frequently doubted. To investigate possible racial differences the energy cost of standardised activities was measured in European, Asian, and African males under the same experimental conditions. Subjects were closely matched for height, weight and Quetelet index. The energy cost of each activity, lying, sitting and standing, was significantly higher, by 10-17%, in Europeans as compared to Asians and Africans, between whom no differences were found. Whether these differences are morphological or metabolic is discussed. It is concluded that differences in energy requirements do exist over and above those due to body size and activity.
Ecology of food and nutrition, 1992
... China: from diseases of poverty to diseases of affluence policy implications of the epidemiol... more ... China: from diseases of poverty to diseases of affluence policy implications of the epidemiologicaltransition ... Ecology of food and nutrition ISSN 0367-0244 CODEN ECFNBN ... China ; Health ; Poverty ; High calorie diet ; Mortality ; Etiology ; Nutritional status ; Health policy ; Public ...