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Papers by Genevra Harker-Klimes
OCEANS 2019 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE
As the MHK industry moves forward to the commercial phase, knowledge of potential environmental e... more As the MHK industry moves forward to the commercial phase, knowledge of potential environmental effects need to be documented and established. At present, the potential for fish interactions and subsequent injury or mortality are a significant concern with instream turbines. Sensors, methodologies, and analyses need to be developed to detect strike or near-miss events. These data will reduce uncertainty of the likelihood of such events and provide information to regulators to make informed decisions on permitting and possible mitigation measures if needed. Acoustic telemetry is a primary method for studying fine-scale fish movements because it can remotely track fish in three dimensions with accuracy. The Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has proven effective for fish passage estimates and fine-scale movement in river impoundments and near dams. Leveraging the success of previous JSATS applications and applying it to the marine environment, juvenile sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) were tagged and tracked using a fixed-position receiver array in a marine tidal channel for the first time. Applying this technology to future installations of MHK turbines will provide information on fish avoidance and evasion behavior as well as blade strike and potential injury and mortality.
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2022
Uncertainty surrounding the potential environmental impacts of marine energy (ME) has resulted in... more Uncertainty surrounding the potential environmental impacts of marine energy (ME) has resulted in extensive and expensive environmental monitoring requirements for ME deployments. Recently, there have been more ME deployments and associated environmental data collection efforts, but no standardized methodologies for data collection. This hinders the use of previously collected data to inform new ME project permitting efforts. Triton Field Trials (TFiT), created at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory by the United States (U.S.) Department of Energy, explores ways to promote more consistent environmental data collection and enable data transferability across ME device types and locations. Documents from 118 previous ME projects or ME-related research studies in the U.S. and internationally were reviewed to identify the highest priority stressor–receptor relationships to be investigated and the technologies and methodologies used to address them. Thirteen potential field sites we...
Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021
Governments are increasingly turning toward public–private partnerships to bring industry support... more Governments are increasingly turning toward public–private partnerships to bring industry support to improving public assets or services. Here, we describe a unique public–private collaboration where a government entity has developed mechanisms to support public and private sector advancement and commercialization of monitoring technologies for marine renewable energy. These support mechanisms include access to a range of skilled personnel and test facilities that promote rapid innovation, prove reliability, and inspire creativity in technology development as innovations move from concept to practice. The ability to iteratively test hardware and software components, sensors, and systems can accelerate adoption of new methods and instrumentation designs. As a case study, we present the development of passive acoustic monitoring technologies customized for operation in energetic waves and currents. We discuss the value of testing different systems together, under the same conditions, ...
OCEANS 2017 – Anchorage, 2017
The effects of marine and instream energy devices on fish populations are not well-understood, an... more The effects of marine and instream energy devices on fish populations are not well-understood, and studying the behavior of fish around these devices is challenging. To address this problem, we have evaluated algorithms to automatically detect fish in underwater video and propose a semi-automated method for ocean and river energy device ecological monitoring. The key contributions of this work are the demonstration of a background subtraction algorithm that detected 87% of human-identified fish events and is suitable for use in a real-time system to reduce data volume, and the demonstration of a statistical model to classify detections as fish or not fish that achieved a correct classification rate of 85% overall and 92% for detections larger than 5 pixels. This automated processing would significantly reduce labor time and costs, compared to current monitoring methods. Specific recommendations for underwater video acquisition to better facilitate automated processing are given. The...
A 600 kHz RDI Workhorse was installed in the center of Sequim Bay from 15:04 June 23, 2017 to 09:... more A 600 kHz RDI Workhorse was installed in the center of Sequim Bay from 15:04 June 23, 2017 to 09:34 August 24, 2017 at a depth of 25.9 m below MLLW. The instrument was configured to record the flow velocity in vertical cells of 1.0 m in 10 minute ensembles. Each ensemble was calculated as the mean of 24 pings, sampled with an interval of 5.0 s. A burst of increased sampling rate (1200 samples at 2 Hz) was recorded to characterize the wave climate on an hourly basis. The peak depth-averaged flow speed for the deployment was recorded during the flood tide on June 24, 2017 with a magnitude of 0.34 m/s. The peak flow speed in a single bin was recorded during the same tide at a location of 11.6 m from the seabed with a magnitude of 0.46 m/s. Significant flow speeds were only observed in the flood tides, while the ebb tide flow speeds were negligible throughout the deployment. The velocity direction was observed to be relatively constant as a function of depth during flood tides but highly variable during times of slower ebb tides. A peak significant wave height of 0.36 m was recorded on June 30, 2017 at 18:54. The measured waves showed no indication of a prevalent wave direction during this deployment. The wave record of the fetchlimited site during this deployment approaches the lower limit of the wave measurement resolution. The water temperature fluctuated over a range of 1.7°C during the deployment duration. The mean pitch of the instrument was-1.2° and the mean roll angle of the instrument was 0.3°. The low pitch and roll angles are important factors in the accurate measurement of the wave activity at the surface. v
OCEANS 2019 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE
As the MHK industry moves forward to the commercial phase, knowledge of potential environmental e... more As the MHK industry moves forward to the commercial phase, knowledge of potential environmental effects need to be documented and established. At present, the potential for fish interactions and subsequent injury or mortality are a significant concern with instream turbines. Sensors, methodologies, and analyses need to be developed to detect strike or near-miss events. These data will reduce uncertainty of the likelihood of such events and provide information to regulators to make informed decisions on permitting and possible mitigation measures if needed. Acoustic telemetry is a primary method for studying fine-scale fish movements because it can remotely track fish in three dimensions with accuracy. The Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has proven effective for fish passage estimates and fine-scale movement in river impoundments and near dams. Leveraging the success of previous JSATS applications and applying it to the marine environment, juvenile sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) were tagged and tracked using a fixed-position receiver array in a marine tidal channel for the first time. Applying this technology to future installations of MHK turbines will provide information on fish avoidance and evasion behavior as well as blade strike and potential injury and mortality.
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2022
Uncertainty surrounding the potential environmental impacts of marine energy (ME) has resulted in... more Uncertainty surrounding the potential environmental impacts of marine energy (ME) has resulted in extensive and expensive environmental monitoring requirements for ME deployments. Recently, there have been more ME deployments and associated environmental data collection efforts, but no standardized methodologies for data collection. This hinders the use of previously collected data to inform new ME project permitting efforts. Triton Field Trials (TFiT), created at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory by the United States (U.S.) Department of Energy, explores ways to promote more consistent environmental data collection and enable data transferability across ME device types and locations. Documents from 118 previous ME projects or ME-related research studies in the U.S. and internationally were reviewed to identify the highest priority stressor–receptor relationships to be investigated and the technologies and methodologies used to address them. Thirteen potential field sites we...
Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021
Governments are increasingly turning toward public–private partnerships to bring industry support... more Governments are increasingly turning toward public–private partnerships to bring industry support to improving public assets or services. Here, we describe a unique public–private collaboration where a government entity has developed mechanisms to support public and private sector advancement and commercialization of monitoring technologies for marine renewable energy. These support mechanisms include access to a range of skilled personnel and test facilities that promote rapid innovation, prove reliability, and inspire creativity in technology development as innovations move from concept to practice. The ability to iteratively test hardware and software components, sensors, and systems can accelerate adoption of new methods and instrumentation designs. As a case study, we present the development of passive acoustic monitoring technologies customized for operation in energetic waves and currents. We discuss the value of testing different systems together, under the same conditions, ...
OCEANS 2017 – Anchorage, 2017
The effects of marine and instream energy devices on fish populations are not well-understood, an... more The effects of marine and instream energy devices on fish populations are not well-understood, and studying the behavior of fish around these devices is challenging. To address this problem, we have evaluated algorithms to automatically detect fish in underwater video and propose a semi-automated method for ocean and river energy device ecological monitoring. The key contributions of this work are the demonstration of a background subtraction algorithm that detected 87% of human-identified fish events and is suitable for use in a real-time system to reduce data volume, and the demonstration of a statistical model to classify detections as fish or not fish that achieved a correct classification rate of 85% overall and 92% for detections larger than 5 pixels. This automated processing would significantly reduce labor time and costs, compared to current monitoring methods. Specific recommendations for underwater video acquisition to better facilitate automated processing are given. The...
A 600 kHz RDI Workhorse was installed in the center of Sequim Bay from 15:04 June 23, 2017 to 09:... more A 600 kHz RDI Workhorse was installed in the center of Sequim Bay from 15:04 June 23, 2017 to 09:34 August 24, 2017 at a depth of 25.9 m below MLLW. The instrument was configured to record the flow velocity in vertical cells of 1.0 m in 10 minute ensembles. Each ensemble was calculated as the mean of 24 pings, sampled with an interval of 5.0 s. A burst of increased sampling rate (1200 samples at 2 Hz) was recorded to characterize the wave climate on an hourly basis. The peak depth-averaged flow speed for the deployment was recorded during the flood tide on June 24, 2017 with a magnitude of 0.34 m/s. The peak flow speed in a single bin was recorded during the same tide at a location of 11.6 m from the seabed with a magnitude of 0.46 m/s. Significant flow speeds were only observed in the flood tides, while the ebb tide flow speeds were negligible throughout the deployment. The velocity direction was observed to be relatively constant as a function of depth during flood tides but highly variable during times of slower ebb tides. A peak significant wave height of 0.36 m was recorded on June 30, 2017 at 18:54. The measured waves showed no indication of a prevalent wave direction during this deployment. The wave record of the fetchlimited site during this deployment approaches the lower limit of the wave measurement resolution. The water temperature fluctuated over a range of 1.7°C during the deployment duration. The mean pitch of the instrument was-1.2° and the mean roll angle of the instrument was 0.3°. The low pitch and roll angles are important factors in the accurate measurement of the wave activity at the surface. v