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Frontiers in Biology, 2013
The common cold is most often a result of human rhinovirus (HRV) infection. Common cold symptoms ... more The common cold is most often a result of human rhinovirus (HRV) infection. Common cold symptoms including rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction frequently occur during HRV infection of the upper respiratory tract. Conversely, HRV may also infect the epithelial cells of the lower respiratory tract. Symptom severity associated with HRV infection ranges from mild to potentially serious depending on a person's susceptibility and pre-existing condition, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. An over active host immune response is believed to be the primary contributor to HRV pathogenesis. Enhanced activity of various host cell cytokines and granulocytes mediate specific cellular pathways inducing many of the symptoms associated with HRV infection. There are over 100 serotypes of HRV which can be further categorized based on the specific characteristics of each type. The two main categories of HRV consist of the major and minor groups. The unique host cell receptor is the distinguishing factor between these two groups. Yet, these viruses may also differ in mechanism of infection and replication. Due to the high frequency of hospital and clinical visits and the corresponding economic burden, novel therapies are of interest. Several different treatment options varying from herbal remedies to anti-viral drugs have been studied. However, the vast number of HRV serotypes complicates the progress of developing a universal treatment for attenuating HRV infection.
American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology, 2014
Cigarette smoking (CS) can impact the immune system and induce pulmonary disorders such as chroni... more Cigarette smoking (CS) can impact the immune system and induce pulmonary disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is currently the fourth leading cause of chronic morbidity and mortality worldwide. Accordingly, the most significant risk factor associated with COPD is exposure to cigarette smoke. The purpose of the present study is to provide an updated overview of the literature regarding the effect of CS on the immune system and lungs, the mechanism of CS-induced COPD and oxidative stress, as well as the available and potential treatment options for CS-induced COPD. An extensive literature search was conducted on the PubMed/Medline databases to review current COPD treatment research, available in the English language, dating from 1976 to 2014. Studies have investigated the mechanism by which CS elicits detrimental effects on the immune system and pulmonary function through the use of human and animal subjects. A strong relationship among continued tobac...
Respiratory Care, 2018
Background: The safety and health effects of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), or e-ci... more Background: The safety and health effects of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), or e-cigarettes, are largely unknown. Additional research continues to emerge. There are public misconceptions about ENDS, especially as compared to conventional cigarettes. To that end, healthcare providers are among the first to be trusted by patients to answer questions, provide evidence-based information and dispel myths. Students training to become health professionals should be prepared to address the current issues and trends in health behavior. The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine the effects of viewing an evidence-based e-cigarette educational module on health professional students9 knowledge, perceptions and confidence in providing information to patients about e-cigarettes. Methods: Following IRB approval, 220 students in senior health professions programs from Respiratory Therapy, Nursing, Medical Dietetics, and Health Sciences elected to participate. Students took a...
Respiratory Care, 2020
Background: The scientific literature supports that use of e-cigarettes does have associated safe... more Background: The scientific literature supports that use of e-cigarettes does have associated safety and health concerns. E-cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) has resulted in a rise in hospital admissions and focused media attention on the nicotine delivery devices. Despite this increased attention, the use of e-cigarettes amongst college students has been increasing. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify perceptions regarding the safety and usefulness of e-cigarettes among college-aged students from a large Midwestern University. In addition, comparison of perceptions between program of study and e-cigarette frequency of use was also examined. Methods: This IRB approved study was a convenience sample of 291 undergraduate students from The Ohio State UniversityIs School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (HRS) and the Fisher College of Business (BUS) responded to the voluntary online survey sent to them via college email. The Risks and Benefi...
Respiratory Care, 2019
Background: E-cigarettes are fairly new, but are exponentially increasing in popularity. Subseque... more Background: E-cigarettes are fairly new, but are exponentially increasing in popularity. Subsequently, there is emerging evidence-based research on the topic. Patients are increasingly asking healthcare providers about e-cigarettes, especially as methods for cessation from combustible cigarettes. The advice patients receive from healthcare providers influences their perceptions and behaviors. Current and future healthcare providers should be prepared to provide advice to their patients regarding this emerging issue. The purpose of the study was to assess and compare the knowledge, perceptions, and self-efficacy of emerging healthcare professionals (students) regarding the use of e-cigarettes. Methods: This IRB approved, national survey of nursing and respiratory therapy (RT) students utilized a pre-test, post-test design following a brief educational intervention. The brief on-line video module was a 9.5 minute review of the National Academies of Science publication, “Public Consequ...
Respiratory Care, 2019
Background: Bullying is a well-documented issue for healthcare workers, and can have a significan... more Background: Bullying is a well-documented issue for healthcare workers, and can have a significant impact on an institution in regards to employee retention. Retention of healthcare workers is an important concern, as turnover is costly to the healthcare system. The retention problem has become even more complex as managers have had to adopt individualized strategies to account for the multigenerational workforce. Intent to leave has been described in the literature to be an accurate predictor of actual turnover. This study explores the relationship between bullying experienced in the workplace and an individual’s intention to leave, stratified by generational cohorts. Methods: This study was approved by the IRB. A multi-institution electronic survey was conducted of registered nurses and respiratory therapists working in hospitals throughout central Ohio using the 22-item Negative Acts Questionnaire Revised (NAQ-R) and the Turnover Intention Scale (TIS-6). Results: Over 23% of resp...
Topics in Clinical Nutrition, 2015
• Ineffective communication among healthcare teams has been shown to be a common denominator behi... more • Ineffective communication among healthcare teams has been shown to be a common denominator behind many adverse events, medical errors, and delays in patient care of which result in negative effects on human lives, overall loss of trust in the healthcare system, and a cost of 17-29 billion dollars annually. 1-2 • Self-efficacy is a measure of an individuals' perceived ability to execute a task or skill. High self-efficacy beliefs have been demonstrated to lead to improved performance and clinical competence. 3-4 • Simulation allows participants to practice both team-and task-related skills in a safe setting. 5 • Interprofessional education is crucial to delivering cost-effective, safe, and effective medical care; however, many health profession programs-including medical dietetics-still educate their students with minimal interaction and understanding of other health care professionals. 6
Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare, 2013
Journal of allied health, 2013
Recognizing and valuing the diversity of student learning and learning styles allow educators to ... more Recognizing and valuing the diversity of student learning and learning styles allow educators to construct more effective and efficient teaching methods and create mutually beneficial learning environments. Kolb(s Learning Style Inventories (LSI) were administered to 82 seniors enrolled in a School of Allied Health at a large midwestern university. The students completed LSI in relation to both their didactic and clinical coursework. Sets of instruments were matched and evaluated using descriptive statistics. Overall, in the didactic classroom setting, 24.2% (n=16) of the students were divergers, 28.8% (n=19) were accommodators, 19.4% (n=13) were convergers, and 27.3% (n=18) were assimilators. In the clinical settings, 27.8% (n=20) of the students were divergers, 36.1% (n=26) were accommodators, 23.6% (n=17) were convergers, and only 12.5% (n=9) were assimilators. Learning style did change for 66.7% (n=10) of athletic training majors. Over half of the students in medical dietetics, ...
Respiratory Care, 2011
BACKGROUND: The profession of respiratory therapy (RT) continues to grow both in number, due to p... more BACKGROUND: The profession of respiratory therapy (RT) continues to grow both in number, due to population growth and an ever-increasing aging population, and scope of practice, due to both new and expanded roles and responsibilities in divergent areas of clinical practice. Instructional technology, including distance learning, will probably play a key role in training, educating, and assessing RT students to meet the increasing demand for practitioners. OBJECTIVE: To assess current uses of distance learning and opinions concerning the appropriate use of distance education in RT education programs nationwide. METHODS: A 13-item on-line survey was designed to collect information about the frequency of use of various types of distance education typically utilized in RT education programs. The survey was sent to directors of 343 Committee on Accreditation for Respiratory Care accredited programs of RT education that offer entry-level or advanced courses of study. RESULTS: The response rate was 50% (169 respondents). Fifty-two percent of the respondents indicated that their courses included some form of on-line learning component. Most directors anticipated that the distance composition of their course offerings will remain unchanged or increase in the near future. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that, while distance education plays an important supportive role in RT education, there is still a preference for face-to-face instruction and Internet-facilitated courses among program directors. Program directors continue to view the laboratory and clinical settings as hands-on environments that require instructor supervision in order for students to demonstrate proficiency and critical thinking skills. When used appropriately, distance learning may be an efficient and effective approach to address the many barriers to education faced by the health workforce in general, including budget constraints, overloaded schedules, the need for on-the-job learning opportunities, and lack of access.
Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography
Objective: To determine if lung sonography is accurate in assessing and confirming pulmonary comp... more Objective: To determine if lung sonography is accurate in assessing and confirming pulmonary compromise and thereby reduce the risk of x-ray exposure, for pediatric patients. Materials and Methods: This study was a systematic review of individual published studies. PubMed was the only database used for the article search. A review by a committee of contributors determined whether studies met the specific inclusion criteria. Studies reviewed had participants between the ages 0 and 18 years, with lung compromise of varying pathophysiological diagnoses. Each intervention was coded by levels of evidence; grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE); the evidence alert traffic light grading system; and risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions. Each article was evaluated using the Cochrane assessment of bias and GRADE evidence tables. Results: Thirty-seven articles were retrieved. Of those, 21 articles were removed following title and abstract ...
Frontiers in Biology, 2013
The common cold is most often a result of human rhinovirus (HRV) infection. Common cold symptoms ... more The common cold is most often a result of human rhinovirus (HRV) infection. Common cold symptoms including rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction frequently occur during HRV infection of the upper respiratory tract. Conversely, HRV may also infect the epithelial cells of the lower respiratory tract. Symptom severity associated with HRV infection ranges from mild to potentially serious depending on a person's susceptibility and pre-existing condition, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. An over active host immune response is believed to be the primary contributor to HRV pathogenesis. Enhanced activity of various host cell cytokines and granulocytes mediate specific cellular pathways inducing many of the symptoms associated with HRV infection. There are over 100 serotypes of HRV which can be further categorized based on the specific characteristics of each type. The two main categories of HRV consist of the major and minor groups. The unique host cell receptor is the distinguishing factor between these two groups. Yet, these viruses may also differ in mechanism of infection and replication. Due to the high frequency of hospital and clinical visits and the corresponding economic burden, novel therapies are of interest. Several different treatment options varying from herbal remedies to anti-viral drugs have been studied. However, the vast number of HRV serotypes complicates the progress of developing a universal treatment for attenuating HRV infection.
American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology, 2014
Cigarette smoking (CS) can impact the immune system and induce pulmonary disorders such as chroni... more Cigarette smoking (CS) can impact the immune system and induce pulmonary disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is currently the fourth leading cause of chronic morbidity and mortality worldwide. Accordingly, the most significant risk factor associated with COPD is exposure to cigarette smoke. The purpose of the present study is to provide an updated overview of the literature regarding the effect of CS on the immune system and lungs, the mechanism of CS-induced COPD and oxidative stress, as well as the available and potential treatment options for CS-induced COPD. An extensive literature search was conducted on the PubMed/Medline databases to review current COPD treatment research, available in the English language, dating from 1976 to 2014. Studies have investigated the mechanism by which CS elicits detrimental effects on the immune system and pulmonary function through the use of human and animal subjects. A strong relationship among continued tobac...
Respiratory Care, 2018
Background: The safety and health effects of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), or e-ci... more Background: The safety and health effects of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), or e-cigarettes, are largely unknown. Additional research continues to emerge. There are public misconceptions about ENDS, especially as compared to conventional cigarettes. To that end, healthcare providers are among the first to be trusted by patients to answer questions, provide evidence-based information and dispel myths. Students training to become health professionals should be prepared to address the current issues and trends in health behavior. The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine the effects of viewing an evidence-based e-cigarette educational module on health professional students9 knowledge, perceptions and confidence in providing information to patients about e-cigarettes. Methods: Following IRB approval, 220 students in senior health professions programs from Respiratory Therapy, Nursing, Medical Dietetics, and Health Sciences elected to participate. Students took a...
Respiratory Care, 2020
Background: The scientific literature supports that use of e-cigarettes does have associated safe... more Background: The scientific literature supports that use of e-cigarettes does have associated safety and health concerns. E-cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) has resulted in a rise in hospital admissions and focused media attention on the nicotine delivery devices. Despite this increased attention, the use of e-cigarettes amongst college students has been increasing. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify perceptions regarding the safety and usefulness of e-cigarettes among college-aged students from a large Midwestern University. In addition, comparison of perceptions between program of study and e-cigarette frequency of use was also examined. Methods: This IRB approved study was a convenience sample of 291 undergraduate students from The Ohio State UniversityIs School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (HRS) and the Fisher College of Business (BUS) responded to the voluntary online survey sent to them via college email. The Risks and Benefi...
Respiratory Care, 2019
Background: E-cigarettes are fairly new, but are exponentially increasing in popularity. Subseque... more Background: E-cigarettes are fairly new, but are exponentially increasing in popularity. Subsequently, there is emerging evidence-based research on the topic. Patients are increasingly asking healthcare providers about e-cigarettes, especially as methods for cessation from combustible cigarettes. The advice patients receive from healthcare providers influences their perceptions and behaviors. Current and future healthcare providers should be prepared to provide advice to their patients regarding this emerging issue. The purpose of the study was to assess and compare the knowledge, perceptions, and self-efficacy of emerging healthcare professionals (students) regarding the use of e-cigarettes. Methods: This IRB approved, national survey of nursing and respiratory therapy (RT) students utilized a pre-test, post-test design following a brief educational intervention. The brief on-line video module was a 9.5 minute review of the National Academies of Science publication, “Public Consequ...
Respiratory Care, 2019
Background: Bullying is a well-documented issue for healthcare workers, and can have a significan... more Background: Bullying is a well-documented issue for healthcare workers, and can have a significant impact on an institution in regards to employee retention. Retention of healthcare workers is an important concern, as turnover is costly to the healthcare system. The retention problem has become even more complex as managers have had to adopt individualized strategies to account for the multigenerational workforce. Intent to leave has been described in the literature to be an accurate predictor of actual turnover. This study explores the relationship between bullying experienced in the workplace and an individual’s intention to leave, stratified by generational cohorts. Methods: This study was approved by the IRB. A multi-institution electronic survey was conducted of registered nurses and respiratory therapists working in hospitals throughout central Ohio using the 22-item Negative Acts Questionnaire Revised (NAQ-R) and the Turnover Intention Scale (TIS-6). Results: Over 23% of resp...
Topics in Clinical Nutrition, 2015
• Ineffective communication among healthcare teams has been shown to be a common denominator behi... more • Ineffective communication among healthcare teams has been shown to be a common denominator behind many adverse events, medical errors, and delays in patient care of which result in negative effects on human lives, overall loss of trust in the healthcare system, and a cost of 17-29 billion dollars annually. 1-2 • Self-efficacy is a measure of an individuals' perceived ability to execute a task or skill. High self-efficacy beliefs have been demonstrated to lead to improved performance and clinical competence. 3-4 • Simulation allows participants to practice both team-and task-related skills in a safe setting. 5 • Interprofessional education is crucial to delivering cost-effective, safe, and effective medical care; however, many health profession programs-including medical dietetics-still educate their students with minimal interaction and understanding of other health care professionals. 6
Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare, 2013
Journal of allied health, 2013
Recognizing and valuing the diversity of student learning and learning styles allow educators to ... more Recognizing and valuing the diversity of student learning and learning styles allow educators to construct more effective and efficient teaching methods and create mutually beneficial learning environments. Kolb(s Learning Style Inventories (LSI) were administered to 82 seniors enrolled in a School of Allied Health at a large midwestern university. The students completed LSI in relation to both their didactic and clinical coursework. Sets of instruments were matched and evaluated using descriptive statistics. Overall, in the didactic classroom setting, 24.2% (n=16) of the students were divergers, 28.8% (n=19) were accommodators, 19.4% (n=13) were convergers, and 27.3% (n=18) were assimilators. In the clinical settings, 27.8% (n=20) of the students were divergers, 36.1% (n=26) were accommodators, 23.6% (n=17) were convergers, and only 12.5% (n=9) were assimilators. Learning style did change for 66.7% (n=10) of athletic training majors. Over half of the students in medical dietetics, ...
Respiratory Care, 2011
BACKGROUND: The profession of respiratory therapy (RT) continues to grow both in number, due to p... more BACKGROUND: The profession of respiratory therapy (RT) continues to grow both in number, due to population growth and an ever-increasing aging population, and scope of practice, due to both new and expanded roles and responsibilities in divergent areas of clinical practice. Instructional technology, including distance learning, will probably play a key role in training, educating, and assessing RT students to meet the increasing demand for practitioners. OBJECTIVE: To assess current uses of distance learning and opinions concerning the appropriate use of distance education in RT education programs nationwide. METHODS: A 13-item on-line survey was designed to collect information about the frequency of use of various types of distance education typically utilized in RT education programs. The survey was sent to directors of 343 Committee on Accreditation for Respiratory Care accredited programs of RT education that offer entry-level or advanced courses of study. RESULTS: The response rate was 50% (169 respondents). Fifty-two percent of the respondents indicated that their courses included some form of on-line learning component. Most directors anticipated that the distance composition of their course offerings will remain unchanged or increase in the near future. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that, while distance education plays an important supportive role in RT education, there is still a preference for face-to-face instruction and Internet-facilitated courses among program directors. Program directors continue to view the laboratory and clinical settings as hands-on environments that require instructor supervision in order for students to demonstrate proficiency and critical thinking skills. When used appropriately, distance learning may be an efficient and effective approach to address the many barriers to education faced by the health workforce in general, including budget constraints, overloaded schedules, the need for on-the-job learning opportunities, and lack of access.
Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography
Objective: To determine if lung sonography is accurate in assessing and confirming pulmonary comp... more Objective: To determine if lung sonography is accurate in assessing and confirming pulmonary compromise and thereby reduce the risk of x-ray exposure, for pediatric patients. Materials and Methods: This study was a systematic review of individual published studies. PubMed was the only database used for the article search. A review by a committee of contributors determined whether studies met the specific inclusion criteria. Studies reviewed had participants between the ages 0 and 18 years, with lung compromise of varying pathophysiological diagnoses. Each intervention was coded by levels of evidence; grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE); the evidence alert traffic light grading system; and risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions. Each article was evaluated using the Cochrane assessment of bias and GRADE evidence tables. Results: Thirty-seven articles were retrieved. Of those, 21 articles were removed following title and abstract ...