Georgina Krebs - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Georgina Krebs

Research paper thumbnail of The Role of Paternal Accommodation of Paediatric OCD Symptoms: Patterns and Implications for Treatment Outcomes

Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2020

Family accommodation (FA) refers to the participation of family members in obsessive-compulsive d... more Family accommodation (FA) refers to the participation of family members in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) rituals. Most studies have focused on maternal accommodation; consequently, little is known about fathers’ accommodation of OCD. The current study aims to extend the existing literature by examining maternal versus paternal accommodation of OCD symptoms.The sample consisted of 209 children with OCD (Mean [M] age = 14.1 years) and their parents (NMothers = 209, NFathers = 209) who had completed the Family Accommodation Scale- Parent Report (FAS-PR). Paired t-test and chi-square analyses were used to compare FA of OCD symptoms between mothers and fathers. Linear regression was used to examine correlates of maternal and paternal FA and its impact on treatment outcomes.Mothers reported significantly higher levels of daily FA than fathers. Correlates of maternal and paternal accommodation included OCD symptom severity, emotional and behavioral difficulties, and parent psychopath...

Research paper thumbnail of Investigating the genetic and environmental aetiologies of non-suicidal and suicidal self-harm: a twin study

Psychological Medicine

Background Self-harm is a major health concern, not only as a signal of distress but also as a st... more Background Self-harm is a major health concern, not only as a signal of distress but also as a strong predictor of later suicide. Self-harm can be further refined into suicidal self-harm (SSH, i.e. suicide attempt) and non-suicidal self-harm (NSSH). Understanding the aetiologies of NSSH and SSH can help inform suicide prevention strategies. Using a twin design, we investigated the phenotypic and aetiological relationships between NSSH and SSH, and their aetiological overlap with mental health problems. Methods We analysed data from the Twins Early Development Study using structural equation modelling. At age 21 years, 9063 twins (62.4% female) answered questions related to self-harm. At age 16 years, 19 self- or parent-reported mental health measures were administered, including measures of internalising and externalising problems, psychotic-like experiences and substance abuse. Results Prevalences for NSSH and SSH were 21.9% and 10.5%, respectively. Additive genetic factors explain...

Research paper thumbnail of TU10. Clinical Characteristics and Environmental and Genetic Influences of Anxiety Disorder Comorbidity in the Glad and Coping Cohorts

European Neuropsychopharmacology

Research paper thumbnail of Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder in a young person with autism spectrum disorder

Advanced Casebook of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Research paper thumbnail of Work and Social Adjustment Scale--Youth and Parent Versions

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of algorithm-based versus single-item phenotyping measures of depression and anxiety disorders in the GLAD Study cohort

BackgroundResearch to understand the complex aetiology of depressive and anxiety disorders often ... more BackgroundResearch to understand the complex aetiology of depressive and anxiety disorders often requires large sample sizes, but this comes at a cost. Large-scale studies are typically unable to utilise “gold standard” phenotyping methods, instead relying on remote, self-report measures to ascertain phenotypes.AimsTo assess the comparability of two commonly used phenotyping methods for depression and anxiety disorders.MethodParticipants from the Genetic Links to Anxiety and Depression (GLAD) Study (N = 37,419) completed an online questionnaire including detailed symptom reports. They received a lifetime algorithm-based diagnosis based on DSM-5 criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD), generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and agoraphobia. Any anxiety disorder included participants with at least one anxiety disorder. Participants also responded to single-item questions asking whether they had ever been diagnosed with these ...

Research paper thumbnail of Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Reflections on the last 25 years

Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry

Research paper thumbnail of The association between body dysmorphic symptoms and suicidality among adolescents and young adults: a genetically informative study

Psychological Medicine

Background Previous research indicates that body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is associated with ris... more Background Previous research indicates that body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is associated with risk of suicidality. However, studies have relied on small and/or specialist samples and largely focussed on adults, despite these difficulties commonly emerging in youth. Furthermore, the aetiology of the relationship remains unknown. Methods Two independent twin samples were identified through the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, at ages 18 (N = 6027) and 24 (N = 3454). Participants completed a self-report measure of BDD symptom severity. Young people and parents completed items assessing suicidal ideation/behaviours. Logistic regression models tested the association of suicidality outcomes with: (a) probable BDD, classified using an empirically derived cut-off; and (b) continuous scores of BDD symptoms. Bivariate genetic models examined the aetiology of the association between BDD symptoms and suicidality at both ages. Results Suicidal ideation and behaviours were common among ...

Research paper thumbnail of Clinical characteristics of 172 children and adolescents with body dysmorphic disorder

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) often starts in childhood, with most cases developing symptoms bef... more Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) often starts in childhood, with most cases developing symptoms before age 18. Yet, BDD research has primarily focused on adults. We report the clinical characteristics of the world’s largest cohort of carefully diagnosed youths with BDD and focus on previously unexplored sex and age differences. We systematically collected clinical data from 172 young people with BDD consecutively referred to 2 specialist pediatric obsessive–compulsive and related disorders outpatient clinics in Stockholm, Sweden and in London, England. A series of clinician-, self-, and parent-reported measures were administered. The cohort consisted of 136 girls, 32 boys, and 4 transgender individuals (age range 10–19 years). The mean severity of BDD symptoms was in the moderate to severe range, with more than one third presenting with severe symptoms and more than half showing poor or absent insight/delusional beliefs. We observed high rates of current psychiatric comorbidity (71.5%...

Research paper thumbnail of An Evaluation of a New Autism-Adapted Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Manual for Adolescents with Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

Child Psychiatry & Human Development

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently co-occur. Stand... more Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently co-occur. Standard cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for OCD outcomes are poorer in young people with ASD, compared to those without. The aim of this naturalistic study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel adolescent autism-adapted CBT manual for OCD in a specialist clinical setting. Additionally, we examined whether treatment gains were maintained at 3-month follow-up. Thirty-four adolescents underwent CBT; at the end of treatment, 51.51% were treatment responders and 21.21% were in remission. At 3-month follow-up, 52.94% were responders and 35.29% remitters. Significant improvements were also observed on a range of secondary measures, including family accommodation and global functioning. This study indicates this adapted package of CBT is associated with significant improvements in OCD outcomes, with superior outcomes to those reported in previous studies. Further investigation of the genera...

Research paper thumbnail of Implementation of internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: Lessons from clinics in Sweden, United Kingdom and Australia

Internet Interventions

If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination... more If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections.

Research paper thumbnail of Co-occurring obsessive–compulsive disorder and autism spectrum disorder in young people: prevalence, clinical characteristics and outcomes

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) commonly co-occur and are... more Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) commonly co-occur and are considered challenging to manage when they co-occur in youth. However, clinical characteristics and prognosis of this group remain poorly understood. This study examined the prevalence, clinical correlates and outcomes of paediatric OCD co-occurring with ASD (OCD + ASD) in a large clinical cohort. Data were extracted from electronic clinical records of young people aged 4–17 years who had attended a mental health trust in South London, United Kingdom. We identified young people with diagnoses of OCD + ASD (n = 335), OCD without ASD (n = 1010), and ASD without OCD (n = 6577). 25% of youth with OCD had a diagnosis of ASD, while 5% of those with ASD had a diagnosis of OCD. At diagnosis, youth with OCD + ASD had lower psychosocial functioning scores on the clinician-rated Child Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) compared to those with either OCD or ASD. Youth with OCD + ASD were equally likely ...

Research paper thumbnail of Clinician-reported barriers to using exposure with response prevention in the treatment of paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder

Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Research paper thumbnail of 8 the Heritability of Fear Conditioning as a Model for Anxiety Disorder and Treatment Response

European Neuropsychopharmacology

Research paper thumbnail of The Work and Social Adjustment Scale, Youth and Parent Versions: Psychometric Evaluation of a Brief Measure of Functional Impairment in Young People

Background: The Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) is a brief five-item global measure of fu... more Background: The Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) is a brief five-item global measure of functional impairment that is widely used as an outcome measure in adult mental health. We have adapted the WSAS for its use in youth, the WSAS-Youth version (WSAS-Y) and WSAS-Parent version (WSAS-P). This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the scale in a large sample of youth seeking help for a range of psychiatric disorders. Method: The internal consistency, factor structure, convergent and divergent validity, test-retest reliability and sensitivity to change of the WSAS-Y/P were studied in 525 children and adolescents with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and related disorders (including Body Dysmorphic Disorder, Tourette’s Syndrome, and body-focused repetitive behaviour disorders) receiving treatment across two specialist clinics in London and Stockholm.Results: The internal consistency of the WSAS-Y/P was excellent across diagnostic groups and time points. Exploratory factor ...

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic influences on treatment-seeking for common mental health problems in the UK biobank

Behaviour Research and Therapy

We would like to thank the scientists involved in the construction of the UK Biobank and all of t... more We would like to thank the scientists involved in the construction of the UK Biobank and all of the participants who have shared their life experiences with investigators in the UK Biobank. This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource, under the application 18177 (Paul F. O'Reilly). This study represents independent research part funded by the

Research paper thumbnail of Is perfectionism a risk factor for adolescent body dysmorphic symptoms? Evidence for a prospective association

Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Research paper thumbnail of Treatment of OCD in a young person: Using the C in CBT

Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic

Evidence for using cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive d... more Evidence for using cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in young people emphasizes the use of exposure with response prevention (ERP) as the key ingredient. CBT with a cognitive focus is used more often in adults, and comparatively there is less evidence for its use with young people. Although a significant proportion of young people with OCD respond well to CBT using ERP, a subset does not. Therefore, there is a need to consider alternative approaches. This case study describes the treatment of a 15-year-old girl with severe OCD using a cognitive approach. This case identifies the criteria used to make the decision to use a cognitive over an ERP approach and highlights the differences between the treatments. This case study demonstrates the merit of considering the cognitive approach to treatment of OCD for some young people.

Research paper thumbnail of Innovations in Practice: Body dysmorphic disorder in youth - using the Development and Well-Being Assessment as a tool to improve detection in routine clinical practice

Child and Adolescent Mental Health

Research paper thumbnail of Research Review: Cognitive bias modification of interpretations in youth and its effect on anxiety: a meta-analysis

Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, Jan 20, 2017

Emerging evidence suggests that cognitive bias modification of interpretations (CBM-I) is effecti... more Emerging evidence suggests that cognitive bias modification of interpretations (CBM-I) is effective in altering interpretation biases and reducing anxiety in adults. Less is known about the impact of CBM-I in young people, but some recent findings, including a meta-analysis of combined cognitive bias modification of interpretation and attention techniques, have cast doubt on its clinical utility. Given the current debate, this meta-analysis sought to establish the independent effects of CBM-I on interpretations biases and anxiety in youth. Studies were identified through a systematic literature search of PsycINFO, Ovid MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, Web of Science and EMBASE between January 1992 and March 2017. Eligible studies aimed to target interpretation biases; did not combine CBM-I with another intervention; included a control condition; randomly allocated participants to conditions; assessed interpretation bias and/or anxiety as an outcome; included individuals up to age 18; and did ...

Research paper thumbnail of The Role of Paternal Accommodation of Paediatric OCD Symptoms: Patterns and Implications for Treatment Outcomes

Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2020

Family accommodation (FA) refers to the participation of family members in obsessive-compulsive d... more Family accommodation (FA) refers to the participation of family members in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) rituals. Most studies have focused on maternal accommodation; consequently, little is known about fathers’ accommodation of OCD. The current study aims to extend the existing literature by examining maternal versus paternal accommodation of OCD symptoms.The sample consisted of 209 children with OCD (Mean [M] age = 14.1 years) and their parents (NMothers = 209, NFathers = 209) who had completed the Family Accommodation Scale- Parent Report (FAS-PR). Paired t-test and chi-square analyses were used to compare FA of OCD symptoms between mothers and fathers. Linear regression was used to examine correlates of maternal and paternal FA and its impact on treatment outcomes.Mothers reported significantly higher levels of daily FA than fathers. Correlates of maternal and paternal accommodation included OCD symptom severity, emotional and behavioral difficulties, and parent psychopath...

Research paper thumbnail of Investigating the genetic and environmental aetiologies of non-suicidal and suicidal self-harm: a twin study

Psychological Medicine

Background Self-harm is a major health concern, not only as a signal of distress but also as a st... more Background Self-harm is a major health concern, not only as a signal of distress but also as a strong predictor of later suicide. Self-harm can be further refined into suicidal self-harm (SSH, i.e. suicide attempt) and non-suicidal self-harm (NSSH). Understanding the aetiologies of NSSH and SSH can help inform suicide prevention strategies. Using a twin design, we investigated the phenotypic and aetiological relationships between NSSH and SSH, and their aetiological overlap with mental health problems. Methods We analysed data from the Twins Early Development Study using structural equation modelling. At age 21 years, 9063 twins (62.4% female) answered questions related to self-harm. At age 16 years, 19 self- or parent-reported mental health measures were administered, including measures of internalising and externalising problems, psychotic-like experiences and substance abuse. Results Prevalences for NSSH and SSH were 21.9% and 10.5%, respectively. Additive genetic factors explain...

Research paper thumbnail of TU10. Clinical Characteristics and Environmental and Genetic Influences of Anxiety Disorder Comorbidity in the Glad and Coping Cohorts

European Neuropsychopharmacology

Research paper thumbnail of Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder in a young person with autism spectrum disorder

Advanced Casebook of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Research paper thumbnail of Work and Social Adjustment Scale--Youth and Parent Versions

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of algorithm-based versus single-item phenotyping measures of depression and anxiety disorders in the GLAD Study cohort

BackgroundResearch to understand the complex aetiology of depressive and anxiety disorders often ... more BackgroundResearch to understand the complex aetiology of depressive and anxiety disorders often requires large sample sizes, but this comes at a cost. Large-scale studies are typically unable to utilise “gold standard” phenotyping methods, instead relying on remote, self-report measures to ascertain phenotypes.AimsTo assess the comparability of two commonly used phenotyping methods for depression and anxiety disorders.MethodParticipants from the Genetic Links to Anxiety and Depression (GLAD) Study (N = 37,419) completed an online questionnaire including detailed symptom reports. They received a lifetime algorithm-based diagnosis based on DSM-5 criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD), generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and agoraphobia. Any anxiety disorder included participants with at least one anxiety disorder. Participants also responded to single-item questions asking whether they had ever been diagnosed with these ...

Research paper thumbnail of Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Reflections on the last 25 years

Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry

Research paper thumbnail of The association between body dysmorphic symptoms and suicidality among adolescents and young adults: a genetically informative study

Psychological Medicine

Background Previous research indicates that body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is associated with ris... more Background Previous research indicates that body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is associated with risk of suicidality. However, studies have relied on small and/or specialist samples and largely focussed on adults, despite these difficulties commonly emerging in youth. Furthermore, the aetiology of the relationship remains unknown. Methods Two independent twin samples were identified through the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, at ages 18 (N = 6027) and 24 (N = 3454). Participants completed a self-report measure of BDD symptom severity. Young people and parents completed items assessing suicidal ideation/behaviours. Logistic regression models tested the association of suicidality outcomes with: (a) probable BDD, classified using an empirically derived cut-off; and (b) continuous scores of BDD symptoms. Bivariate genetic models examined the aetiology of the association between BDD symptoms and suicidality at both ages. Results Suicidal ideation and behaviours were common among ...

Research paper thumbnail of Clinical characteristics of 172 children and adolescents with body dysmorphic disorder

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) often starts in childhood, with most cases developing symptoms bef... more Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) often starts in childhood, with most cases developing symptoms before age 18. Yet, BDD research has primarily focused on adults. We report the clinical characteristics of the world’s largest cohort of carefully diagnosed youths with BDD and focus on previously unexplored sex and age differences. We systematically collected clinical data from 172 young people with BDD consecutively referred to 2 specialist pediatric obsessive–compulsive and related disorders outpatient clinics in Stockholm, Sweden and in London, England. A series of clinician-, self-, and parent-reported measures were administered. The cohort consisted of 136 girls, 32 boys, and 4 transgender individuals (age range 10–19 years). The mean severity of BDD symptoms was in the moderate to severe range, with more than one third presenting with severe symptoms and more than half showing poor or absent insight/delusional beliefs. We observed high rates of current psychiatric comorbidity (71.5%...

Research paper thumbnail of An Evaluation of a New Autism-Adapted Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Manual for Adolescents with Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

Child Psychiatry & Human Development

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently co-occur. Stand... more Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently co-occur. Standard cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for OCD outcomes are poorer in young people with ASD, compared to those without. The aim of this naturalistic study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel adolescent autism-adapted CBT manual for OCD in a specialist clinical setting. Additionally, we examined whether treatment gains were maintained at 3-month follow-up. Thirty-four adolescents underwent CBT; at the end of treatment, 51.51% were treatment responders and 21.21% were in remission. At 3-month follow-up, 52.94% were responders and 35.29% remitters. Significant improvements were also observed on a range of secondary measures, including family accommodation and global functioning. This study indicates this adapted package of CBT is associated with significant improvements in OCD outcomes, with superior outcomes to those reported in previous studies. Further investigation of the genera...

Research paper thumbnail of Implementation of internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: Lessons from clinics in Sweden, United Kingdom and Australia

Internet Interventions

If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination... more If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections.

Research paper thumbnail of Co-occurring obsessive–compulsive disorder and autism spectrum disorder in young people: prevalence, clinical characteristics and outcomes

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) commonly co-occur and are... more Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) commonly co-occur and are considered challenging to manage when they co-occur in youth. However, clinical characteristics and prognosis of this group remain poorly understood. This study examined the prevalence, clinical correlates and outcomes of paediatric OCD co-occurring with ASD (OCD + ASD) in a large clinical cohort. Data were extracted from electronic clinical records of young people aged 4–17 years who had attended a mental health trust in South London, United Kingdom. We identified young people with diagnoses of OCD + ASD (n = 335), OCD without ASD (n = 1010), and ASD without OCD (n = 6577). 25% of youth with OCD had a diagnosis of ASD, while 5% of those with ASD had a diagnosis of OCD. At diagnosis, youth with OCD + ASD had lower psychosocial functioning scores on the clinician-rated Child Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) compared to those with either OCD or ASD. Youth with OCD + ASD were equally likely ...

Research paper thumbnail of Clinician-reported barriers to using exposure with response prevention in the treatment of paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder

Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Research paper thumbnail of 8 the Heritability of Fear Conditioning as a Model for Anxiety Disorder and Treatment Response

European Neuropsychopharmacology

Research paper thumbnail of The Work and Social Adjustment Scale, Youth and Parent Versions: Psychometric Evaluation of a Brief Measure of Functional Impairment in Young People

Background: The Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) is a brief five-item global measure of fu... more Background: The Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) is a brief five-item global measure of functional impairment that is widely used as an outcome measure in adult mental health. We have adapted the WSAS for its use in youth, the WSAS-Youth version (WSAS-Y) and WSAS-Parent version (WSAS-P). This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the scale in a large sample of youth seeking help for a range of psychiatric disorders. Method: The internal consistency, factor structure, convergent and divergent validity, test-retest reliability and sensitivity to change of the WSAS-Y/P were studied in 525 children and adolescents with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and related disorders (including Body Dysmorphic Disorder, Tourette’s Syndrome, and body-focused repetitive behaviour disorders) receiving treatment across two specialist clinics in London and Stockholm.Results: The internal consistency of the WSAS-Y/P was excellent across diagnostic groups and time points. Exploratory factor ...

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic influences on treatment-seeking for common mental health problems in the UK biobank

Behaviour Research and Therapy

We would like to thank the scientists involved in the construction of the UK Biobank and all of t... more We would like to thank the scientists involved in the construction of the UK Biobank and all of the participants who have shared their life experiences with investigators in the UK Biobank. This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource, under the application 18177 (Paul F. O'Reilly). This study represents independent research part funded by the

Research paper thumbnail of Is perfectionism a risk factor for adolescent body dysmorphic symptoms? Evidence for a prospective association

Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Research paper thumbnail of Treatment of OCD in a young person: Using the C in CBT

Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic

Evidence for using cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive d... more Evidence for using cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in young people emphasizes the use of exposure with response prevention (ERP) as the key ingredient. CBT with a cognitive focus is used more often in adults, and comparatively there is less evidence for its use with young people. Although a significant proportion of young people with OCD respond well to CBT using ERP, a subset does not. Therefore, there is a need to consider alternative approaches. This case study describes the treatment of a 15-year-old girl with severe OCD using a cognitive approach. This case identifies the criteria used to make the decision to use a cognitive over an ERP approach and highlights the differences between the treatments. This case study demonstrates the merit of considering the cognitive approach to treatment of OCD for some young people.

Research paper thumbnail of Innovations in Practice: Body dysmorphic disorder in youth - using the Development and Well-Being Assessment as a tool to improve detection in routine clinical practice

Child and Adolescent Mental Health

Research paper thumbnail of Research Review: Cognitive bias modification of interpretations in youth and its effect on anxiety: a meta-analysis

Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, Jan 20, 2017

Emerging evidence suggests that cognitive bias modification of interpretations (CBM-I) is effecti... more Emerging evidence suggests that cognitive bias modification of interpretations (CBM-I) is effective in altering interpretation biases and reducing anxiety in adults. Less is known about the impact of CBM-I in young people, but some recent findings, including a meta-analysis of combined cognitive bias modification of interpretation and attention techniques, have cast doubt on its clinical utility. Given the current debate, this meta-analysis sought to establish the independent effects of CBM-I on interpretations biases and anxiety in youth. Studies were identified through a systematic literature search of PsycINFO, Ovid MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, Web of Science and EMBASE between January 1992 and March 2017. Eligible studies aimed to target interpretation biases; did not combine CBM-I with another intervention; included a control condition; randomly allocated participants to conditions; assessed interpretation bias and/or anxiety as an outcome; included individuals up to age 18; and did ...