Geraldine Cuskelly - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Geraldine Cuskelly
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2015
Identifying risk factors that contribute to the onset of overweight and obesity is a key public h... more Identifying risk factors that contribute to the onset of overweight and obesity is a key public health priority. It has been hypothesised that high consumption of red meat and processed meat can increase the risk of overweight/obesity (1), likely owing to their high energy density. The objectives of the study were to explore trends in meat intake of adolescents over a 10-yr period, and to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between red meat, processed meat and total meat intake, and body composition measurements. Analyses were based on data from the Young Hearts (YH) project (3 cohorts), which was established to examine risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease of young people living in Northern Ireland. In 1989/1990, 12 and 15-yr olds (n = 1015) were randomly recruited from 16 post-primary schools (YH1) across Northern Ireland (2). In 1997/1999, 489 participants from YH1 were followed-up (mean age: 22•6 yrs) (YH3), achieving a 48•2 % response rate (3). In 2000, a further cross-sectional survey (YH2000) was carried out; during which 12 and 15-yr olds (n = 2017) were randomly recruited from 36 post-primary schools (4). Dietary intake was assessed by a 7-d diet history. Meat groups were generated from the dietary data and included: red meat, processed meat, poultry, fish, Indian/Chinese food and total meat. Body composition measurements included BMI and waist circumference (WC). Adolescent processed meat intake decreased over the 10-yr period, between YH1 and YH2000 (45•24 vs. 38•50 g/d; P < 0•001), while intakes of poultry (25•32 vs. 33•67 g/d; P < 0•001), Indian/Chinese (30•89 vs. 51•35 g/d; P < 0•001) and total meat (127•34 vs. 134•16 g/ d; P = 0•01) increased. Cross-sectional results showed that meat intake was not associated with BMI or WC in adolescents or young adults, after adjusting for age, sex, social class, tanner stage (adolescents only) energy intake and physical fitness. For the longitudinal analysis, participants were divided (median split) into high or low meat intake groups (red, processed and total meat) at adolescence (YH1) and at young adulthood (YH3). To summarise the change in each of these meat groups between YH1 and YH3, four categories were created, and the relationship with young adult (YH3) BMI and WC examined (see table below). Having high intakes of red meat at both YH1 and YH3, compared to low intakes at both time points was associated with a 2•91 cm increase in young adult WC. Similar comparisons for processed meat and total meat were associated with 2•74 cm and 2•94 cm increases in young adult WC, respectively. An increase in young adult BMI of 0•82 kg/m 2 was observed for those with high intakes of total meat at YH1 and YH3, compared to those with low intakes at both time points.
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2010
Proceedings of the …, 2010
McAfee, Alison J, McSorley, Emeir, Cuskelly, Geraldine, Fearon, Ann, Moss, Bruce W, Beattie, Alan... more McAfee, Alison J, McSorley, Emeir, Cuskelly, Geraldine, Fearon, Ann, Moss, Bruce W, Beattie, Alan, Doyle, Adel, Gordon, Alan, Wallace, Julie MW, Bonham, Maxine P. and Strain, JJ (2010) Influence of season and feeding regime on the fatty acid composition of lamb. ...
borderireland.info
... Age had a significant effect on the consumption of fruit and vegetables with younger people (... more ... Age had a significant effect on the consumption of fruit and vegetables with younger people (18 to ... or contaminated water used during growth or harvesting; ingredients from many countries may be combined in a ... to 1°C to 2°C. This step will remove traces of chlorine and reduce ...
Irish Journal of Medical Science, 1995
VITAMIN B 12, S-MMA AND S-HCY - A POPULATION STUDY OF MEN AND WOMEN AGED 70 YEARS OR OLDER K. Bjr... more VITAMIN B 12, S-MMA AND S-HCY - A POPULATION STUDY OF MEN AND WOMEN AGED 70 YEARS OR OLDER K. Bjrrkegren. Department of Family Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. In an industrial community with 9.300 inhabitants, in central Sweden, a ...
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2007
British Journal of Nutrition, 2010
Red meat from grass-fed animals, compared with concentrate-fed animals, contains increased concen... more Red meat from grass-fed animals, compared with concentrate-fed animals, contains increased concentrations of long-chain (LC)n-3 PUFA. However, the effects of red meat consumption from grass-fed animals on consumer blood concentrations of LCn-3 PUFA are unknown. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects on plasma and platelet LCn-3 PUFA status of consuming red meat produced from either grass-fed animals or concentrate-fed animals. A randomised, double-blinded, dietary intervention study was carried out for 4 weeks on healthy subjects who replaced their habitual red meat intake with three portions per week of red meat (beef and lamb) from animals offered a finishing diet of either grass or concentrate (n20 consumers). Plasma and platelet fatty acid composition, dietary intake, blood pressure, and serum lipids and lipoproteins were analysed at baseline and post-intervention. Dietary intakes of totaln-3 PUFA, as well as plasma and platelet concentrations of LCn-3 PUFA, wer...
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2015
The ultimate goal of nutritional research is the provision of diets that will give the best chanc... more The ultimate goal of nutritional research is the provision of diets that will give the best chance of long-term health. This chapter explores the various types of nutrition recommendations. They all share a goal of improving public health.
In the UK vitamin B12 deficiency occurs in approximately 20% of adults aged >65 years. This in... more In the UK vitamin B12 deficiency occurs in approximately 20% of adults aged >65 years. This incidence is significantly higher than that among the general population. The reported incidence invariably depends on the criteria of deficiency used, and in fact estimates rise to 24% and 46% among free-living and institutionalised elderly respectively when methylmalonic acid is used as a marker of vitamin B12 status. The incidence of, and the criteria for diagnosis of, deficiency have drawn much attention recently in the wake of the implementation of folic acid fortification of flour in the USA. This fortification strategy has proved to be extremely successful in increasing folic acid intakes pre-conceptually and thereby reducing the incidence of neural-tube defects among babies born in the USA since 1998. However, in successfully delivering additional folic acid to pregnant women fortification also increases the consumption of folic acid of everyone who consumes products containing flo...
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2011
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2010
Proceedings of the …, 2009
Ruminant feeding regimes that include grass finishing are known to increase the n-3 polyunsaturat... more Ruminant feeding regimes that include grass finishing are known to increase the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) content of beef and lamb. By contrast, concentrate finishing produces meat with increased n-6 PUFA concentrations. There is strong evidence that increasing the ratio of n-3: n-6 PUFA in the diet has beneficial effects for human health. In Northern Ireland, it is likely that feeding regimes are predominantly grass-based; therefore beef and lamb could contain appreciable amounts of n-3 PUFA. However, an analysis of types of finishing diets used by farms in Northern Ireland has not been done. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of grass and concentrate finishing in farms in Northern Ireland.
Background: Dietary supplementation with B vitamins that lower blood homocysteine concentrations ... more Background: Dietary supplementation with B vitamins that lower blood homocysteine concentrations is expected to reduce cardiovascular disease risk, but there has been uncertainty about the optimum regimen to use for this purpose. Objective: The objectives were to ascertain the lowest dose of folic acid associated with the maximum reduction in homocysteine concentrations and to determine the additional relevance of vitamins B-12 and B-6. Design: A meta-analysis of 25 randomized controlled trials involving individual data on 2596 subjects assessed the effect on plasma homocysteine concentrations of different doses of folic acid and of the addition of vitamins B-12 and B-6. Results: The proportional reductions in plasma homocysteine concentrations produced by folic acid were greater at higher homocysteine (P 0.001) and lower folate (P 0.001) pretreatment concentrations; they were also greater in women than in men (P 0.001). After standardization for sex and to pretreatment plasma concentrations of 12 mol homocysteine/L and 12 nmol folate/L, daily doses of 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 2.0, and 5.0 mg folic acid were associated with reductions in homocysteine of 13% (95% CI: 10%, 16%), 20% (17%, 22%), 23% (21%, 26%), 23% (20%, 26%), and 25% (22%, 28%), respectively. Vitamin B-12 (x : 0.4 mg/d) produced 7% (95% CI: 4%, 9%) further reduction in homocysteine concentrations, but vitamin B-6 had no significant effect. Conclusions: Daily doses of ͧ0.8 mg folic acid are typically required to achieve the maximal reduction in plasma homocysteine concentrations produced by folic acid supplementation. Doses of 0.2 and 0.4 mg are associated with 60% and 90%, respectively, of this maximal effect.
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2015
Identifying risk factors that contribute to the onset of overweight and obesity is a key public h... more Identifying risk factors that contribute to the onset of overweight and obesity is a key public health priority. It has been hypothesised that high consumption of red meat and processed meat can increase the risk of overweight/obesity (1), likely owing to their high energy density. The objectives of the study were to explore trends in meat intake of adolescents over a 10-yr period, and to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between red meat, processed meat and total meat intake, and body composition measurements. Analyses were based on data from the Young Hearts (YH) project (3 cohorts), which was established to examine risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease of young people living in Northern Ireland. In 1989/1990, 12 and 15-yr olds (n = 1015) were randomly recruited from 16 post-primary schools (YH1) across Northern Ireland (2). In 1997/1999, 489 participants from YH1 were followed-up (mean age: 22•6 yrs) (YH3), achieving a 48•2 % response rate (3). In 2000, a further cross-sectional survey (YH2000) was carried out; during which 12 and 15-yr olds (n = 2017) were randomly recruited from 36 post-primary schools (4). Dietary intake was assessed by a 7-d diet history. Meat groups were generated from the dietary data and included: red meat, processed meat, poultry, fish, Indian/Chinese food and total meat. Body composition measurements included BMI and waist circumference (WC). Adolescent processed meat intake decreased over the 10-yr period, between YH1 and YH2000 (45•24 vs. 38•50 g/d; P < 0•001), while intakes of poultry (25•32 vs. 33•67 g/d; P < 0•001), Indian/Chinese (30•89 vs. 51•35 g/d; P < 0•001) and total meat (127•34 vs. 134•16 g/ d; P = 0•01) increased. Cross-sectional results showed that meat intake was not associated with BMI or WC in adolescents or young adults, after adjusting for age, sex, social class, tanner stage (adolescents only) energy intake and physical fitness. For the longitudinal analysis, participants were divided (median split) into high or low meat intake groups (red, processed and total meat) at adolescence (YH1) and at young adulthood (YH3). To summarise the change in each of these meat groups between YH1 and YH3, four categories were created, and the relationship with young adult (YH3) BMI and WC examined (see table below). Having high intakes of red meat at both YH1 and YH3, compared to low intakes at both time points was associated with a 2•91 cm increase in young adult WC. Similar comparisons for processed meat and total meat were associated with 2•74 cm and 2•94 cm increases in young adult WC, respectively. An increase in young adult BMI of 0•82 kg/m 2 was observed for those with high intakes of total meat at YH1 and YH3, compared to those with low intakes at both time points.
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2010
Proceedings of the …, 2010
McAfee, Alison J, McSorley, Emeir, Cuskelly, Geraldine, Fearon, Ann, Moss, Bruce W, Beattie, Alan... more McAfee, Alison J, McSorley, Emeir, Cuskelly, Geraldine, Fearon, Ann, Moss, Bruce W, Beattie, Alan, Doyle, Adel, Gordon, Alan, Wallace, Julie MW, Bonham, Maxine P. and Strain, JJ (2010) Influence of season and feeding regime on the fatty acid composition of lamb. ...
borderireland.info
... Age had a significant effect on the consumption of fruit and vegetables with younger people (... more ... Age had a significant effect on the consumption of fruit and vegetables with younger people (18 to ... or contaminated water used during growth or harvesting; ingredients from many countries may be combined in a ... to 1°C to 2°C. This step will remove traces of chlorine and reduce ...
Irish Journal of Medical Science, 1995
VITAMIN B 12, S-MMA AND S-HCY - A POPULATION STUDY OF MEN AND WOMEN AGED 70 YEARS OR OLDER K. Bjr... more VITAMIN B 12, S-MMA AND S-HCY - A POPULATION STUDY OF MEN AND WOMEN AGED 70 YEARS OR OLDER K. Bjrrkegren. Department of Family Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. In an industrial community with 9.300 inhabitants, in central Sweden, a ...
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2007
British Journal of Nutrition, 2010
Red meat from grass-fed animals, compared with concentrate-fed animals, contains increased concen... more Red meat from grass-fed animals, compared with concentrate-fed animals, contains increased concentrations of long-chain (LC)n-3 PUFA. However, the effects of red meat consumption from grass-fed animals on consumer blood concentrations of LCn-3 PUFA are unknown. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects on plasma and platelet LCn-3 PUFA status of consuming red meat produced from either grass-fed animals or concentrate-fed animals. A randomised, double-blinded, dietary intervention study was carried out for 4 weeks on healthy subjects who replaced their habitual red meat intake with three portions per week of red meat (beef and lamb) from animals offered a finishing diet of either grass or concentrate (n20 consumers). Plasma and platelet fatty acid composition, dietary intake, blood pressure, and serum lipids and lipoproteins were analysed at baseline and post-intervention. Dietary intakes of totaln-3 PUFA, as well as plasma and platelet concentrations of LCn-3 PUFA, wer...
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2015
The ultimate goal of nutritional research is the provision of diets that will give the best chanc... more The ultimate goal of nutritional research is the provision of diets that will give the best chance of long-term health. This chapter explores the various types of nutrition recommendations. They all share a goal of improving public health.
In the UK vitamin B12 deficiency occurs in approximately 20% of adults aged >65 years. This in... more In the UK vitamin B12 deficiency occurs in approximately 20% of adults aged >65 years. This incidence is significantly higher than that among the general population. The reported incidence invariably depends on the criteria of deficiency used, and in fact estimates rise to 24% and 46% among free-living and institutionalised elderly respectively when methylmalonic acid is used as a marker of vitamin B12 status. The incidence of, and the criteria for diagnosis of, deficiency have drawn much attention recently in the wake of the implementation of folic acid fortification of flour in the USA. This fortification strategy has proved to be extremely successful in increasing folic acid intakes pre-conceptually and thereby reducing the incidence of neural-tube defects among babies born in the USA since 1998. However, in successfully delivering additional folic acid to pregnant women fortification also increases the consumption of folic acid of everyone who consumes products containing flo...
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2011
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2010
Proceedings of the …, 2009
Ruminant feeding regimes that include grass finishing are known to increase the n-3 polyunsaturat... more Ruminant feeding regimes that include grass finishing are known to increase the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) content of beef and lamb. By contrast, concentrate finishing produces meat with increased n-6 PUFA concentrations. There is strong evidence that increasing the ratio of n-3: n-6 PUFA in the diet has beneficial effects for human health. In Northern Ireland, it is likely that feeding regimes are predominantly grass-based; therefore beef and lamb could contain appreciable amounts of n-3 PUFA. However, an analysis of types of finishing diets used by farms in Northern Ireland has not been done. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of grass and concentrate finishing in farms in Northern Ireland.
Background: Dietary supplementation with B vitamins that lower blood homocysteine concentrations ... more Background: Dietary supplementation with B vitamins that lower blood homocysteine concentrations is expected to reduce cardiovascular disease risk, but there has been uncertainty about the optimum regimen to use for this purpose. Objective: The objectives were to ascertain the lowest dose of folic acid associated with the maximum reduction in homocysteine concentrations and to determine the additional relevance of vitamins B-12 and B-6. Design: A meta-analysis of 25 randomized controlled trials involving individual data on 2596 subjects assessed the effect on plasma homocysteine concentrations of different doses of folic acid and of the addition of vitamins B-12 and B-6. Results: The proportional reductions in plasma homocysteine concentrations produced by folic acid were greater at higher homocysteine (P 0.001) and lower folate (P 0.001) pretreatment concentrations; they were also greater in women than in men (P 0.001). After standardization for sex and to pretreatment plasma concentrations of 12 mol homocysteine/L and 12 nmol folate/L, daily doses of 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 2.0, and 5.0 mg folic acid were associated with reductions in homocysteine of 13% (95% CI: 10%, 16%), 20% (17%, 22%), 23% (21%, 26%), 23% (20%, 26%), and 25% (22%, 28%), respectively. Vitamin B-12 (x : 0.4 mg/d) produced 7% (95% CI: 4%, 9%) further reduction in homocysteine concentrations, but vitamin B-6 had no significant effect. Conclusions: Daily doses of ͧ0.8 mg folic acid are typically required to achieve the maximal reduction in plasma homocysteine concentrations produced by folic acid supplementation. Doses of 0.2 and 0.4 mg are associated with 60% and 90%, respectively, of this maximal effect.