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Papers by Gerd Brunner
Processes
A significant quantity of tocochromanols and carotenoids remains in the residual from palm oil pr... more A significant quantity of tocochromanols and carotenoids remains in the residual from palm oil production by traditional screw pressing. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction was used as alternative method with the purpose to recover better these valuable minor compounds. Total oil yield and co-extracted water were investigated in the course of extraction. Tocochromanols and carotenoids were evaluated, not only in the extraction oil, but also in the oil of residual fibre. Modelling of extraction process was also performed for a further up-scaling. The results showed that oil yield up to 90% could be observed within 120 min. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) could extract tocochromanols and carotenoids with concentration in the same range of normal commercial processing palm oil, while co-extracted water remained rather low at a level of 2–4%. Moreover, recovery efficiencies of these minor compounds were much higher in case of extraction processed with supercritical carbon dioxi...
Fette, Seifen, Anstrichmittel
Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für physikalische Chemie
Green Chemistry, May 1, 2007
Pressure-tuning of selectivity in the hydrogenation of limonene in carbon dioxide was found in bi... more Pressure-tuning of selectivity in the hydrogenation of limonene in carbon dioxide was found in biphasic systems, close but below the critical conditions of the reaction mixture, where hydrogen solubility in the liquid is highly dependent on pressure. The subtle effects of pressure on ...
Desalination, 2009
ABSTRACT
Fluid Phase Equilibria, Jun 1, 1999
The data base of experimentally determined phase-equilibria of high boiling molecules with gases ... more The data base of experimentally determined phase-equilibria of high boiling molecules with gases is very small compared to the need for these data. With the knowledge of binary phase equilibria, it will be possible to predict the performance of the separation of fat mixtures by gas extraction or crystallisation. Vapour-liquid equilibrium measurements have been carried out with tristearin, tripalmitin, and triolein in mixtures with CO or 2 propane. It is known that carbon dioxide has a negligible solvating power for many high boiling molecules. Propane can be an interesting alternative for, e.g., gas extraction. Compositions of the equilibrated phases have been determined experimentally at a pressure up to 52 MPa in a variable volume view cell. Samples from the coexisting phases were taken in order to obtain p-x-y data. The temperatures investigated were 333 and 353 K. Ž. Results have been correlated with the Redlich-Kwong-Aspen RK-Aspen equation of state. It was possible to obtain a set of interaction parameters for the equation of state and the Mathias-Klotz-Prausnitz mixing rule for the systems with CO : the relative deviation of calculated and experimental solubility in the gas-phase is high, 2 whereas the absolute deviation is considerably small. For the system with propane, a reasonable fit was obtained. The transition from a gas-liquid to a liquid-liquid miscibility gap in the system containing propane is predicted. Solubility of the triglyceride in propane is much higher than in carbon dioxide.
Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research, Jan 10, 2001
The hydrodynamic behavior, i.e., flooding, liquid holdup, and pressure drop of countercurrent col... more The hydrodynamic behavior, i.e., flooding, liquid holdup, and pressure drop of countercurrent columns with two random packings, Raschig rings and Berl saddles, and two gauze packings, Sulzer CY and Sulzer EX, is scrutinized at temperatures between 313 and 373 K and pressures between 8 and 30 MPa using carbon dioxide as the supercritical solvent and water and olive oil deodorizer distillate as liquid phases. Two models are employed to correlate the experimental data: a sophisticated mechanistic approach based on the liquid holdup and a well-known empirical approach for the flooding point. The experimental data for the dry pressure drop and the liquid holdup below the loading point are successfully correlated using modified models from normal pressure operation. The flooding points can be correlated with good accuracy as well.
Chemieingenieurtechnik, 2010
Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research, Apr 10, 1998
ABSTRACT
Chemical Engineering Technology, 1987
ABSTRACT
Chemie Ingenieur Technik, Dec 1, 1988
Processes
A significant quantity of tocochromanols and carotenoids remains in the residual from palm oil pr... more A significant quantity of tocochromanols and carotenoids remains in the residual from palm oil production by traditional screw pressing. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction was used as alternative method with the purpose to recover better these valuable minor compounds. Total oil yield and co-extracted water were investigated in the course of extraction. Tocochromanols and carotenoids were evaluated, not only in the extraction oil, but also in the oil of residual fibre. Modelling of extraction process was also performed for a further up-scaling. The results showed that oil yield up to 90% could be observed within 120 min. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) could extract tocochromanols and carotenoids with concentration in the same range of normal commercial processing palm oil, while co-extracted water remained rather low at a level of 2–4%. Moreover, recovery efficiencies of these minor compounds were much higher in case of extraction processed with supercritical carbon dioxi...
Fette, Seifen, Anstrichmittel
Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für physikalische Chemie
Green Chemistry, May 1, 2007
Pressure-tuning of selectivity in the hydrogenation of limonene in carbon dioxide was found in bi... more Pressure-tuning of selectivity in the hydrogenation of limonene in carbon dioxide was found in biphasic systems, close but below the critical conditions of the reaction mixture, where hydrogen solubility in the liquid is highly dependent on pressure. The subtle effects of pressure on ...
Desalination, 2009
ABSTRACT
Fluid Phase Equilibria, Jun 1, 1999
The data base of experimentally determined phase-equilibria of high boiling molecules with gases ... more The data base of experimentally determined phase-equilibria of high boiling molecules with gases is very small compared to the need for these data. With the knowledge of binary phase equilibria, it will be possible to predict the performance of the separation of fat mixtures by gas extraction or crystallisation. Vapour-liquid equilibrium measurements have been carried out with tristearin, tripalmitin, and triolein in mixtures with CO or 2 propane. It is known that carbon dioxide has a negligible solvating power for many high boiling molecules. Propane can be an interesting alternative for, e.g., gas extraction. Compositions of the equilibrated phases have been determined experimentally at a pressure up to 52 MPa in a variable volume view cell. Samples from the coexisting phases were taken in order to obtain p-x-y data. The temperatures investigated were 333 and 353 K. Ž. Results have been correlated with the Redlich-Kwong-Aspen RK-Aspen equation of state. It was possible to obtain a set of interaction parameters for the equation of state and the Mathias-Klotz-Prausnitz mixing rule for the systems with CO : the relative deviation of calculated and experimental solubility in the gas-phase is high, 2 whereas the absolute deviation is considerably small. For the system with propane, a reasonable fit was obtained. The transition from a gas-liquid to a liquid-liquid miscibility gap in the system containing propane is predicted. Solubility of the triglyceride in propane is much higher than in carbon dioxide.
Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research, Jan 10, 2001
The hydrodynamic behavior, i.e., flooding, liquid holdup, and pressure drop of countercurrent col... more The hydrodynamic behavior, i.e., flooding, liquid holdup, and pressure drop of countercurrent columns with two random packings, Raschig rings and Berl saddles, and two gauze packings, Sulzer CY and Sulzer EX, is scrutinized at temperatures between 313 and 373 K and pressures between 8 and 30 MPa using carbon dioxide as the supercritical solvent and water and olive oil deodorizer distillate as liquid phases. Two models are employed to correlate the experimental data: a sophisticated mechanistic approach based on the liquid holdup and a well-known empirical approach for the flooding point. The experimental data for the dry pressure drop and the liquid holdup below the loading point are successfully correlated using modified models from normal pressure operation. The flooding points can be correlated with good accuracy as well.
Chemieingenieurtechnik, 2010
Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research, Apr 10, 1998
ABSTRACT
Chemical Engineering Technology, 1987
ABSTRACT
Chemie Ingenieur Technik, Dec 1, 1988