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Papers by Gerwulf Schneider

Research paper thumbnail of Economic Space. On the Analysis and Interpretation of Pottery Production and Distribution

Ceramics are particularly well suited for investigating general patterns of the distribution of p... more Ceramics are particularly well suited for investigating general patterns of the distribution of premodern products. Archaeometric methods, used to determine raw materials and production techniques, permit the identification of places of production. The work of the research group presented here pursues two objectives: (i) to investigate the usefulness of portable X-ray fluorescence equipment for the analysis of ceramics and (ii) to identify, interpret and study distribution areas of ceramic products in comparative prospective. The paper discusses key economic concepts, sets out the archaeometric methodology and presents initial results in the context of two examples.

Research paper thumbnail of Siegel und Siegelabrollungen

Research paper thumbnail of Some new results of archaeometric analysis of Brittle Wares

Brittle Ware from various sites in Syria, from Apamea and Palmyra, and from Beirut were analysed ... more Brittle Ware from various sites in Syria, from Apamea and Palmyra, and from Beirut were analysed by WD-XRF and studied by thin sections. This paper aimed at obtaining information on workshops and on the distribution of the products. In Syria, ninety percent of the analysed samples belong to only six groups corresponding to six workshops, excepting Palmyra where a local workshop exists. No sample of this workshop was detected on any other site and very few samples found in Palmyra could be attributed to one of the six Syrian groups. The data for two groups of Brittle Ware found in Beirut are also given in a table. Illustrations of those shapes and of the main Syrian types from the Hellenistic to early Islamic periods are shown. Several workshops produced the same shapes and shared a similar technology using non-calcareous clays, probably from terra rossa. One centre is assumed to be located west of Aleppo, another near Apamea.

Research paper thumbnail of Late Roman Coarse Wares , Cooking Wares and Amphorae in the Mediterranean Archaeology and archaeometry Comparison between western and eastern Mediterranean

The paper illustrates results of archaeometric analyses performed on samples of Late Antique kitc... more The paper illustrates results of archaeometric analyses performed on samples of Late Antique kitchenwares and plain basins from excavations carried out in insula 104 at Hierapolis (Turkey). Laboratory post-excavation work was part of the activities undertaken under the aegis of the Italian Archaeological Mission at Hierapolis (MAIER) directed by F. D'Andria. The aim of analytical research was to implement the morphological study of the retrieved ceramics combining traditional approaches with applied sciences and techniques. Altogether fifty-six ceramic samples underwent a series of archaeometric analyses (MGR, WD-XRF and thin section analysis) and laboratory tests (water permeability, thermal shock resistance) in order to acquire information on pottery composition, provenience, as well as on clays functional properties.

Research paper thumbnail of Glasierte spätrömische Keramik aus Krefeld-Gellep

Vorgestellt wird die bleiglasierte Keramik aus Graberfeld und Kastell von Krefeld-Gellep in der P... more Vorgestellt wird die bleiglasierte Keramik aus Graberfeld und Kastell von Krefeld-Gellep in der Provinz Germania II. 26 Gefastypen (uberwiegend Trink- und Schankgeschirr) sind bisher bekannt, von denen die meisten ihre Parellelen in Oberitalien und Pannonien haben. Die Zusammensetzung des Tons und Fehlbrande beweisen die lokale Herstellung. Der Absatzradius der Topferei, die von etwa 320-340 n. Chr. arbeitete, reichte nicht uber die nahere Umgebung hinaus. Vermutlich wurde die Keramik von einem aus den Hauptverbreitungsraumen der glasierten Ware eingewarderten Handwerker hergestellt.

Research paper thumbnail of Werkstattfunde eines ägyptischen Bronzegießers der Spätzeit – Ein einzigartiges Konvolut im Kontext aktueller Forschung

Im Agyptischen Museum der Universitat Bonn werden weltweit einmalige Objekte eines altagyptischen... more Im Agyptischen Museum der Universitat Bonn werden weltweit einmalige Objekte eines altagyptischen Bronzegussateliers aufbewahrt. Sie stammen von der Qubbet elHawa, einem Felsgraberberg gegenuber der modernen Stadt Assuan und wurden dort im Jahr 1969 von Bonner Agyptologen unter Elmar Edel in Grab QH 207 entdeckt. Das Grab datiert an das Ende des Alten Reiches (2347-2216 v. Chr.) und wurde in der agyptischen Spatzeit (664-332 v. Chr.) fur Bestattungen einer lokalen Priesterfamilie von der Nilinsel Elephantine wiederbenutzt. Die genannten Artefakte stammen aus dem Kontext der jungsten Bestattung (»Bestattung 1«), ihre genaue Lage ist damals jedoch nicht dokumentiert worden. Dennoch bieten eben diese Artefakte Agyptologen, Restauratoren und Naturwissenschaftlern zum ersten Mal die Moglichkeit, die Bronzegusstechnologie der Spatzeit mithilfe eines breiten Spektrums moderner Analysemethoden zu erforschen.

Research paper thumbnail of The Kelenderis pottery workshop(s): newly identified agents in East Mediterranean maritime exchange networks in the Achaemenid period View supplementary material

Levant, 2020

During the Persian (or Achaemenid) period, simply band-painted bowls, plates, jugs, table amphora... more During the Persian (or Achaemenid) period, simply band-painted bowls, plates, jugs, table amphorae and hydriae are documented in the Levant — in particular in the coastal regions — as one of the most common groups of decorated ceramics. Vessels of this style — mostly drinking vessels — were recorded in significant quantities at most coastal sites in southern Turkey, Syria, Israel, Cyprus, and occasionally also in Egypt. The band-painted decoration resembles East Greek styles and initial studies identified these vessels as variations of East Greek ceramics imported to the eastern Mediterranean from Ionian cities. In this study, we examined a large sample of this pottery from the northern and southern Levant, both stylistically and by fabric analysis, applying Neutron Activation Analyses (NAA), Wavelength Dispersive XRay Fluorescence (WD-XRF) and petrography. We demonstrate that almost all the vessels of this particular, and popular, style were produced at one site only — Kelenderis, ...

Research paper thumbnail of Possibilities and limitations of pXRF as a tool for analysing ancient pottery: a case study of Late Bronze and Early Iron Age pottery (1100–600 BC) from the northern Black Sea region

Praehistorische Zeitschrift

In an archaeometric research project supported by the Volkswagen Foundation (Project 90216 [https... more In an archaeometric research project supported by the Volkswagen Foundation (Project 90216 [https://earlynomads.wordpress.com/]), working groups consisting of chemists, geologists and archaeologists in Berlin, Kiev and Saint Petersburg collaborated on analysing pottery recovered from Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age burials and settlements from sites of different archaeological cultures in the steppes and forest steppes north of the Black Sea. The article presents the results of the classification of 201 samples using energy-dispersive X-Ray fluorescence spectrometer (pXRF) compared to the results of MGR-analysis and WD-XRF of these samples. Fingerprints for the seven sites studied could be defined.

Research paper thumbnail of Eastern Sigillata at Sardis: Evidence for a Local Industry

Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research

Research paper thumbnail of Investigating Late Neolithic ceramics in the northern Levant: the view from Shir

This paper presents a review of the ceramic investigations at the Late Neolithic site of Shir. Si... more This paper presents a review of the ceramic investigations at the Late Neolithic site of Shir. Situated in Western Syria the site occupies a central position in the so-called 'Levantine corridor', which linked the southern Levant, Central Anatolia, and Upper Mesopotamia in the Neolithic. The ceramic sequence covers a period of several centuries between c. 7000 and 6450 cal BC. The pottery analysis combined bulk processing in the field and archaeometric work in the laboratory to construct a viable ceramic categorization. This paper discusses long-term ceramic trends that follow the first appearance of pottery in the northern Levant, including the development of pottery containers for storage.

Research paper thumbnail of Analyses de tessons de « sigillées pergaméniennes » de Délos (Annexes: Results of archaeometric analysis of twenty pottery fragments from Delos)

Bulletin de correspondance hellénique, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of LOPODVNVM III: Die neckarswebische Siedlung und Villa rustica im Gewann Ziegelscheuer : Eine Untersuchung zur Besiedlungsgeschichte der Oberrheingermanen

Forschungen Und Berichte Zur Vor Und Fruhgeschichte in Baden Wurttemberg, 2002

Research paper thumbnail of Investigation of crucibles and moulds from an ancient bronze foundry in olympia

Research paper thumbnail of Analisi chimiche su gruppi di lucerne bollate di fabbricazione urbana

Publications De L Ecole Francaise De Rome, 1994

Research paper thumbnail of Neue Forschungen zur römischen Keramik vom Auerberg: Mit Tafel 1-3

Bayerische Vorgeschichtsblatter, 2001

Research paper thumbnail of Klassifizierung von Keramik durch Nachbrennen von Scherben

Zeitschrift Fur Schweizerische Archaologie Und Kunstgeschichte, 2001

Research paper thumbnail of Production centres of African red slip ware (3rd-7th c.) in northern and central Tunisia: archaeological provenance and reference groups based on chemical analysis

Journal of Roman Archaeology, 2002

Research paper thumbnail of Production centres of African Red Slip ware (2nd-3rd c.) in northern and central Tunisia: archaeological provenance and reference groups based on chemical analysis

Journal of Roman Archaeology, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Notes on ‘Brittle Wares’ in North-eastern Syria

Research paper thumbnail of Application of x-ray fluorescence analyses in series to find the production sites of the roman lampmaking firm of FORTIS

Research paper thumbnail of Economic Space. On the Analysis and Interpretation of Pottery Production and Distribution

Ceramics are particularly well suited for investigating general patterns of the distribution of p... more Ceramics are particularly well suited for investigating general patterns of the distribution of premodern products. Archaeometric methods, used to determine raw materials and production techniques, permit the identification of places of production. The work of the research group presented here pursues two objectives: (i) to investigate the usefulness of portable X-ray fluorescence equipment for the analysis of ceramics and (ii) to identify, interpret and study distribution areas of ceramic products in comparative prospective. The paper discusses key economic concepts, sets out the archaeometric methodology and presents initial results in the context of two examples.

Research paper thumbnail of Siegel und Siegelabrollungen

Research paper thumbnail of Some new results of archaeometric analysis of Brittle Wares

Brittle Ware from various sites in Syria, from Apamea and Palmyra, and from Beirut were analysed ... more Brittle Ware from various sites in Syria, from Apamea and Palmyra, and from Beirut were analysed by WD-XRF and studied by thin sections. This paper aimed at obtaining information on workshops and on the distribution of the products. In Syria, ninety percent of the analysed samples belong to only six groups corresponding to six workshops, excepting Palmyra where a local workshop exists. No sample of this workshop was detected on any other site and very few samples found in Palmyra could be attributed to one of the six Syrian groups. The data for two groups of Brittle Ware found in Beirut are also given in a table. Illustrations of those shapes and of the main Syrian types from the Hellenistic to early Islamic periods are shown. Several workshops produced the same shapes and shared a similar technology using non-calcareous clays, probably from terra rossa. One centre is assumed to be located west of Aleppo, another near Apamea.

Research paper thumbnail of Late Roman Coarse Wares , Cooking Wares and Amphorae in the Mediterranean Archaeology and archaeometry Comparison between western and eastern Mediterranean

The paper illustrates results of archaeometric analyses performed on samples of Late Antique kitc... more The paper illustrates results of archaeometric analyses performed on samples of Late Antique kitchenwares and plain basins from excavations carried out in insula 104 at Hierapolis (Turkey). Laboratory post-excavation work was part of the activities undertaken under the aegis of the Italian Archaeological Mission at Hierapolis (MAIER) directed by F. D'Andria. The aim of analytical research was to implement the morphological study of the retrieved ceramics combining traditional approaches with applied sciences and techniques. Altogether fifty-six ceramic samples underwent a series of archaeometric analyses (MGR, WD-XRF and thin section analysis) and laboratory tests (water permeability, thermal shock resistance) in order to acquire information on pottery composition, provenience, as well as on clays functional properties.

Research paper thumbnail of Glasierte spätrömische Keramik aus Krefeld-Gellep

Vorgestellt wird die bleiglasierte Keramik aus Graberfeld und Kastell von Krefeld-Gellep in der P... more Vorgestellt wird die bleiglasierte Keramik aus Graberfeld und Kastell von Krefeld-Gellep in der Provinz Germania II. 26 Gefastypen (uberwiegend Trink- und Schankgeschirr) sind bisher bekannt, von denen die meisten ihre Parellelen in Oberitalien und Pannonien haben. Die Zusammensetzung des Tons und Fehlbrande beweisen die lokale Herstellung. Der Absatzradius der Topferei, die von etwa 320-340 n. Chr. arbeitete, reichte nicht uber die nahere Umgebung hinaus. Vermutlich wurde die Keramik von einem aus den Hauptverbreitungsraumen der glasierten Ware eingewarderten Handwerker hergestellt.

Research paper thumbnail of Werkstattfunde eines ägyptischen Bronzegießers der Spätzeit – Ein einzigartiges Konvolut im Kontext aktueller Forschung

Im Agyptischen Museum der Universitat Bonn werden weltweit einmalige Objekte eines altagyptischen... more Im Agyptischen Museum der Universitat Bonn werden weltweit einmalige Objekte eines altagyptischen Bronzegussateliers aufbewahrt. Sie stammen von der Qubbet elHawa, einem Felsgraberberg gegenuber der modernen Stadt Assuan und wurden dort im Jahr 1969 von Bonner Agyptologen unter Elmar Edel in Grab QH 207 entdeckt. Das Grab datiert an das Ende des Alten Reiches (2347-2216 v. Chr.) und wurde in der agyptischen Spatzeit (664-332 v. Chr.) fur Bestattungen einer lokalen Priesterfamilie von der Nilinsel Elephantine wiederbenutzt. Die genannten Artefakte stammen aus dem Kontext der jungsten Bestattung (»Bestattung 1«), ihre genaue Lage ist damals jedoch nicht dokumentiert worden. Dennoch bieten eben diese Artefakte Agyptologen, Restauratoren und Naturwissenschaftlern zum ersten Mal die Moglichkeit, die Bronzegusstechnologie der Spatzeit mithilfe eines breiten Spektrums moderner Analysemethoden zu erforschen.

Research paper thumbnail of The Kelenderis pottery workshop(s): newly identified agents in East Mediterranean maritime exchange networks in the Achaemenid period View supplementary material

Levant, 2020

During the Persian (or Achaemenid) period, simply band-painted bowls, plates, jugs, table amphora... more During the Persian (or Achaemenid) period, simply band-painted bowls, plates, jugs, table amphorae and hydriae are documented in the Levant — in particular in the coastal regions — as one of the most common groups of decorated ceramics. Vessels of this style — mostly drinking vessels — were recorded in significant quantities at most coastal sites in southern Turkey, Syria, Israel, Cyprus, and occasionally also in Egypt. The band-painted decoration resembles East Greek styles and initial studies identified these vessels as variations of East Greek ceramics imported to the eastern Mediterranean from Ionian cities. In this study, we examined a large sample of this pottery from the northern and southern Levant, both stylistically and by fabric analysis, applying Neutron Activation Analyses (NAA), Wavelength Dispersive XRay Fluorescence (WD-XRF) and petrography. We demonstrate that almost all the vessels of this particular, and popular, style were produced at one site only — Kelenderis, ...

Research paper thumbnail of Possibilities and limitations of pXRF as a tool for analysing ancient pottery: a case study of Late Bronze and Early Iron Age pottery (1100–600 BC) from the northern Black Sea region

Praehistorische Zeitschrift

In an archaeometric research project supported by the Volkswagen Foundation (Project 90216 [https... more In an archaeometric research project supported by the Volkswagen Foundation (Project 90216 [https://earlynomads.wordpress.com/]), working groups consisting of chemists, geologists and archaeologists in Berlin, Kiev and Saint Petersburg collaborated on analysing pottery recovered from Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age burials and settlements from sites of different archaeological cultures in the steppes and forest steppes north of the Black Sea. The article presents the results of the classification of 201 samples using energy-dispersive X-Ray fluorescence spectrometer (pXRF) compared to the results of MGR-analysis and WD-XRF of these samples. Fingerprints for the seven sites studied could be defined.

Research paper thumbnail of Eastern Sigillata at Sardis: Evidence for a Local Industry

Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research

Research paper thumbnail of Investigating Late Neolithic ceramics in the northern Levant: the view from Shir

This paper presents a review of the ceramic investigations at the Late Neolithic site of Shir. Si... more This paper presents a review of the ceramic investigations at the Late Neolithic site of Shir. Situated in Western Syria the site occupies a central position in the so-called 'Levantine corridor', which linked the southern Levant, Central Anatolia, and Upper Mesopotamia in the Neolithic. The ceramic sequence covers a period of several centuries between c. 7000 and 6450 cal BC. The pottery analysis combined bulk processing in the field and archaeometric work in the laboratory to construct a viable ceramic categorization. This paper discusses long-term ceramic trends that follow the first appearance of pottery in the northern Levant, including the development of pottery containers for storage.

Research paper thumbnail of Analyses de tessons de « sigillées pergaméniennes » de Délos (Annexes: Results of archaeometric analysis of twenty pottery fragments from Delos)

Bulletin de correspondance hellénique, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of LOPODVNVM III: Die neckarswebische Siedlung und Villa rustica im Gewann Ziegelscheuer : Eine Untersuchung zur Besiedlungsgeschichte der Oberrheingermanen

Forschungen Und Berichte Zur Vor Und Fruhgeschichte in Baden Wurttemberg, 2002

Research paper thumbnail of Investigation of crucibles and moulds from an ancient bronze foundry in olympia

Research paper thumbnail of Analisi chimiche su gruppi di lucerne bollate di fabbricazione urbana

Publications De L Ecole Francaise De Rome, 1994

Research paper thumbnail of Neue Forschungen zur römischen Keramik vom Auerberg: Mit Tafel 1-3

Bayerische Vorgeschichtsblatter, 2001

Research paper thumbnail of Klassifizierung von Keramik durch Nachbrennen von Scherben

Zeitschrift Fur Schweizerische Archaologie Und Kunstgeschichte, 2001

Research paper thumbnail of Production centres of African red slip ware (3rd-7th c.) in northern and central Tunisia: archaeological provenance and reference groups based on chemical analysis

Journal of Roman Archaeology, 2002

Research paper thumbnail of Production centres of African Red Slip ware (2nd-3rd c.) in northern and central Tunisia: archaeological provenance and reference groups based on chemical analysis

Journal of Roman Archaeology, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Notes on ‘Brittle Wares’ in North-eastern Syria

Research paper thumbnail of Application of x-ray fluorescence analyses in series to find the production sites of the roman lampmaking firm of FORTIS