Ghanim Bekr - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Ghanim Bekr
Journal of construction engineering, technology & management, Aug 17, 2015
The problem of cost overrun in construction industry is common worldwide and the construction ind... more The problem of cost overrun in construction industry is common worldwide and the construction industry in Jordan is no exception. The main objective of the study reported in this paper was to identify the causes of cost overrun in construction projects in Jordan. A comprehensive literature review from various sources was made to carry out the study. A questionnaire survey was conducted to find the causes of cost overrun related to clients, consultant, contractor, financial management, resources and external factors. More than 100 respondents participated in the survey. The survey identified 15 most important causes of cost overrun from a list of 49 different causes. The most important causes were: Schedule delay (time overrun), frequent design changes, changes and additional works at owner request, mistakes and errors in design, inadequate planning and scheduling, inflation/ prices fluctuation, change in the scope of work (by owner), incomplete drawings/ detailed design at the time of tender, shortage of skilled site workers, construction mistakes and defective works. In general the study revealed that all parties share responsibility for the cost overrun in the construction projects in Jordan. Keywords: Cost overrun, construction projects, importance index, causes of cost overrun, management Cite this Article Ghanim A. Bekr. Identifying Factors Leading to Cost Overrun in Construction Projects in Jordan . Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology and Management. 2015; 5(3): 25–33p.
Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction, Jul 1, 2017
This study involves with Building Information Modeling (BIM) and exploring the reasons behind the... more This study involves with Building Information Modeling (BIM) and exploring the reasons behind the slow speed of implementing this method in the construction industry in developing countries in general and Jordan in specific. The aim of the research was achieved through a survey which considered 15 barrier factors and 13 driving factors. The study revealed that the level of BIM implementation in construction projects is generally low. In addition, the significant barriers affecting the adoption of BIM are lack of qualified staff to operate the software, difficulty learning BIM, the existing system fulfils the need, resistance to change and uncertainties concerning return on investment of BIM. Also, the study pointed out the most important factors that could help implementing BIM in the Jordanian construction industry. These are providing BIM training program, introducing BIM in the university curriculum and providing the efforts by the government to push implementation of BIM in their projects. Finally, the paper presented some recommendations if followed the level of (BIM) implementation in this country may be improved.
The construction industry has complexity in its nature because it contains a large number of part... more The construction industry has complexity in its nature because it contains a large number of parties as clients, contractors, consultants, stakeholders, shareholders, regulators and others. Construction projects in Iraq suffer from many problems and complex issues in performance such as time, cost, quality and safety. The aim of this study is to identify and evaluate the main factors affecting the performance of construction projects in this country which suffers unstable political and economic circumstances that occurred after the year 2003 and still affecting the performance. Literature review about performance was carried out to identify the factors affecting the performance of construction projects. In addition, other local factors have been added as recommended by experts and according to the researcher's own experience in implementing construction projects. A literature review was carried out and 64 factors were identified, categorized into 7 groups. A survey was conducted...
Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction, 2017
This study involves with Building Information Modeling (BIM) and exploring the reasons behind the... more This study involves with Building Information Modeling (BIM) and exploring the reasons behind the slow speed of implementing this method in the construction industry in developing countries in general and Jordan in specific. The aim of the research was achieved through a survey which considered 15 barrier factors and 13 driving factors. The study revealed that the level of BIM implementation in construction projects is generally low. In addition, the significant barriers affecting the adoption of BIM are lack of qualified staff to operate the software, difficulty learning BIM, the existing system fulfils the need, resistance to change and uncertainties concerning return on investment of BIM. Also, the study pointed out the most important factors that could help implementing BIM in the Jordanian construction industry. These are providing BIM training program, introducing BIM in the university curriculum and providing the efforts by the government to push implementation of BIM in thei...
Journal of Construction Engineering, 2014
The research aims to study the causes and magnitude of wastage of construction materials on const... more The research aims to study the causes and magnitude of wastage of construction materials on construction projects sites in Jordan. To achieve the research aim, the researcher had prepared a questionnaire form included questions about the causes of wastage and the estimated percentages of wastage of ten most popular kinds of materials used on construction sites in Jordan. Prior to the final formulation of the questionnaire form, a pilot survey was conducted. The form was revised in accordance with the feedback received. The number of causes adopted was 60 distributed on the six major categories. The form was distributed to 240 participants (clients, contractors, and consultants). The study revealed that the most important causes of wastage of materials on construction sites in Jordan are frequent design and client’s changes; rework due to workers mistakes; poor contract documents; wrong and lack of storage of materials; poor strategy for waste minimization; shortage and lack of exper...
4th Annual International Conference on Architecture and Civil Engineering (ACE 2016), 2016
Computing in Civil and Building Engineering (2014), 2014
GSTF Journal of Engineering Technology, 2016
Productivity is one of the most important factors affecting the overall performance of any constr... more Productivity is one of the most important factors affecting the overall performance of any construction project. The objective of this study is identifying and ranks the factors that affect the productivity on Jordanian construction projects. To achieve this objective, data collection was carried out through a structured questionnaire survey. The questionnaire form consisting of 37 factors identified through a comprehensive literature review. These factors are grouped into five categories. These are labor, technical, project, financial, and material and equipment. A total of 150 respondents consisting of 50 clients, 50 consultants, and 50 contractors participated to this survey. Data was analyzed using statistical package SPSS. Relative importance index method was used to find out the most significant factors affecting the productivity on construction sites. The results accomplished from the survey revealed that the major factors negatively affecting the labor productivity are: Poor...
The problem of cost overrun in construction industry is common worldwide and the construction ind... more The problem of cost overrun in construction industry is common worldwide and the construction industry in Jordan is no exception. The main objective of the study reported in this paper was to identify the causes of cost overrun in construction projects in Jordan. A comprehensive literature review from various sources was made to carry out the study. A questionnaire survey was conducted to find the causes of cost overrun related to clients, consultant, contractor, financial management, resources and external factors. More than 100 respondents participated in the survey. The survey identified 15 most important causes of cost overrun from a list of 49 different causes. The most important causes were: Schedule delay (time overrun), frequent design changes, changes and additional works at owner request, mistakes and errors in design, inadequate planning and scheduling, inflation/ prices fluctuation, change in the scope of work (by owner), incomplete drawings/ detailed design at the time...
The aim of the current study is to identify and assess the most significant risk factors affectin... more The aim of the current study is to identify and assess the most significant risk factors affecting the construction of public projects in Jordan and their probability of occurrence, impact and total effect. A questionnaire survey was carried out and a total of 53 risk factors were identified and categorized into four groups. These are technical related (19 factors), management related (12 factors), financial and market related (13 factors) and political, social and environmental related (9 factors). Total number of participants contributed to the survey was 108 distributed as 36 clients, 32 consultants and 40 contractors involve in the implementation of public works projects. The results are presented on the basis of probability of occurrence, impact and total effect. Number of factors that showed significant effect on the performance of the projects is: eight factors are related to technical group; six factors are related to management group; five factors are related to financial a...
In Jordan, the construction industry is considered as one of the most important economic sectors.... more In Jordan, the construction industry is considered as one of the most important economic sectors. This industry suffers many deficiencies among them is time overrun. The aim of this research is to identify the most significant delay causes in large-scale public projects in Jordan and discover the effect of these delays on the achievements of these types of projects. This objective was achieved through a comprehensive literature review, site visits and interviews and questionnaire. This field study was utilized to discover the perception of the participants contributing to the subject of the study. The questionnaire consists of three divisions. The first was concerning the characteristics of the sample contributed to the survey and to explore their opinion about the amount of delay already exist in the industry. The second part included 55 causes of delay distributed to four groups. The third part concentrated on the influence of delay causes on the achievements of the large scale pu...
One of the most significant economic sectors in Jordan is the construction sector. Time and cost ... more One of the most significant economic sectors in Jordan is the construction sector. Time and cost overrun is one of most serious problems suffered by this industry. The major aim of this research is to detect the major causes of delays in public projects in this country and to find the effects of this delay on the performance of these projects. The aim was accomplished through an intensive literature review and a field study used to find the perception of major parties participating in the implementation of the construction projects in Jordan.The survey which was carried out through a questionnaire has three divisions. These are the introductory part, the causes revealed by the literature review (55 causes) categorized into four groups and the effect of causes on the performance of the project. Answers were collected from (146) participants representing clients, contractors and consultants. The analysis carried out through the determination of the frequency of occurrence, severity an...
Construction industry is considered as one of the most important industries in Iraq. It is well k... more Construction industry is considered as one of the most important industries in Iraq. It is well known that most construction projects in this country are exposed to time and cost overrun or both. The main objective of this study is to find the most important causes of delay in public projects in Iraq. This objective was achieved through an intensive literature review and a survey which included a questionnaire used to assess the perceptions of the main participants involved in the construction of the projects. The questionnaire was divided into three parts. The main part focused on the causes of delay in construction sites. The 65 causes compiled through the literature review and the pilot study were classified into four groups (client related, contractor related, consultant related and external factors). Answers were collected from 134 participants representing the three parties involved in the construction of the projects. Analysis was carried out to find the amount of delay suffe...
Journal of construction engineering, technology & management, Aug 17, 2015
The problem of cost overrun in construction industry is common worldwide and the construction ind... more The problem of cost overrun in construction industry is common worldwide and the construction industry in Jordan is no exception. The main objective of the study reported in this paper was to identify the causes of cost overrun in construction projects in Jordan. A comprehensive literature review from various sources was made to carry out the study. A questionnaire survey was conducted to find the causes of cost overrun related to clients, consultant, contractor, financial management, resources and external factors. More than 100 respondents participated in the survey. The survey identified 15 most important causes of cost overrun from a list of 49 different causes. The most important causes were: Schedule delay (time overrun), frequent design changes, changes and additional works at owner request, mistakes and errors in design, inadequate planning and scheduling, inflation/ prices fluctuation, change in the scope of work (by owner), incomplete drawings/ detailed design at the time of tender, shortage of skilled site workers, construction mistakes and defective works. In general the study revealed that all parties share responsibility for the cost overrun in the construction projects in Jordan. Keywords: Cost overrun, construction projects, importance index, causes of cost overrun, management Cite this Article Ghanim A. Bekr. Identifying Factors Leading to Cost Overrun in Construction Projects in Jordan . Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology and Management. 2015; 5(3): 25–33p.
Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction, Jul 1, 2017
This study involves with Building Information Modeling (BIM) and exploring the reasons behind the... more This study involves with Building Information Modeling (BIM) and exploring the reasons behind the slow speed of implementing this method in the construction industry in developing countries in general and Jordan in specific. The aim of the research was achieved through a survey which considered 15 barrier factors and 13 driving factors. The study revealed that the level of BIM implementation in construction projects is generally low. In addition, the significant barriers affecting the adoption of BIM are lack of qualified staff to operate the software, difficulty learning BIM, the existing system fulfils the need, resistance to change and uncertainties concerning return on investment of BIM. Also, the study pointed out the most important factors that could help implementing BIM in the Jordanian construction industry. These are providing BIM training program, introducing BIM in the university curriculum and providing the efforts by the government to push implementation of BIM in their projects. Finally, the paper presented some recommendations if followed the level of (BIM) implementation in this country may be improved.
The construction industry has complexity in its nature because it contains a large number of part... more The construction industry has complexity in its nature because it contains a large number of parties as clients, contractors, consultants, stakeholders, shareholders, regulators and others. Construction projects in Iraq suffer from many problems and complex issues in performance such as time, cost, quality and safety. The aim of this study is to identify and evaluate the main factors affecting the performance of construction projects in this country which suffers unstable political and economic circumstances that occurred after the year 2003 and still affecting the performance. Literature review about performance was carried out to identify the factors affecting the performance of construction projects. In addition, other local factors have been added as recommended by experts and according to the researcher's own experience in implementing construction projects. A literature review was carried out and 64 factors were identified, categorized into 7 groups. A survey was conducted...
Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction, 2017
This study involves with Building Information Modeling (BIM) and exploring the reasons behind the... more This study involves with Building Information Modeling (BIM) and exploring the reasons behind the slow speed of implementing this method in the construction industry in developing countries in general and Jordan in specific. The aim of the research was achieved through a survey which considered 15 barrier factors and 13 driving factors. The study revealed that the level of BIM implementation in construction projects is generally low. In addition, the significant barriers affecting the adoption of BIM are lack of qualified staff to operate the software, difficulty learning BIM, the existing system fulfils the need, resistance to change and uncertainties concerning return on investment of BIM. Also, the study pointed out the most important factors that could help implementing BIM in the Jordanian construction industry. These are providing BIM training program, introducing BIM in the university curriculum and providing the efforts by the government to push implementation of BIM in thei...
Journal of Construction Engineering, 2014
The research aims to study the causes and magnitude of wastage of construction materials on const... more The research aims to study the causes and magnitude of wastage of construction materials on construction projects sites in Jordan. To achieve the research aim, the researcher had prepared a questionnaire form included questions about the causes of wastage and the estimated percentages of wastage of ten most popular kinds of materials used on construction sites in Jordan. Prior to the final formulation of the questionnaire form, a pilot survey was conducted. The form was revised in accordance with the feedback received. The number of causes adopted was 60 distributed on the six major categories. The form was distributed to 240 participants (clients, contractors, and consultants). The study revealed that the most important causes of wastage of materials on construction sites in Jordan are frequent design and client’s changes; rework due to workers mistakes; poor contract documents; wrong and lack of storage of materials; poor strategy for waste minimization; shortage and lack of exper...
4th Annual International Conference on Architecture and Civil Engineering (ACE 2016), 2016
Computing in Civil and Building Engineering (2014), 2014
GSTF Journal of Engineering Technology, 2016
Productivity is one of the most important factors affecting the overall performance of any constr... more Productivity is one of the most important factors affecting the overall performance of any construction project. The objective of this study is identifying and ranks the factors that affect the productivity on Jordanian construction projects. To achieve this objective, data collection was carried out through a structured questionnaire survey. The questionnaire form consisting of 37 factors identified through a comprehensive literature review. These factors are grouped into five categories. These are labor, technical, project, financial, and material and equipment. A total of 150 respondents consisting of 50 clients, 50 consultants, and 50 contractors participated to this survey. Data was analyzed using statistical package SPSS. Relative importance index method was used to find out the most significant factors affecting the productivity on construction sites. The results accomplished from the survey revealed that the major factors negatively affecting the labor productivity are: Poor...
The problem of cost overrun in construction industry is common worldwide and the construction ind... more The problem of cost overrun in construction industry is common worldwide and the construction industry in Jordan is no exception. The main objective of the study reported in this paper was to identify the causes of cost overrun in construction projects in Jordan. A comprehensive literature review from various sources was made to carry out the study. A questionnaire survey was conducted to find the causes of cost overrun related to clients, consultant, contractor, financial management, resources and external factors. More than 100 respondents participated in the survey. The survey identified 15 most important causes of cost overrun from a list of 49 different causes. The most important causes were: Schedule delay (time overrun), frequent design changes, changes and additional works at owner request, mistakes and errors in design, inadequate planning and scheduling, inflation/ prices fluctuation, change in the scope of work (by owner), incomplete drawings/ detailed design at the time...
The aim of the current study is to identify and assess the most significant risk factors affectin... more The aim of the current study is to identify and assess the most significant risk factors affecting the construction of public projects in Jordan and their probability of occurrence, impact and total effect. A questionnaire survey was carried out and a total of 53 risk factors were identified and categorized into four groups. These are technical related (19 factors), management related (12 factors), financial and market related (13 factors) and political, social and environmental related (9 factors). Total number of participants contributed to the survey was 108 distributed as 36 clients, 32 consultants and 40 contractors involve in the implementation of public works projects. The results are presented on the basis of probability of occurrence, impact and total effect. Number of factors that showed significant effect on the performance of the projects is: eight factors are related to technical group; six factors are related to management group; five factors are related to financial a...
In Jordan, the construction industry is considered as one of the most important economic sectors.... more In Jordan, the construction industry is considered as one of the most important economic sectors. This industry suffers many deficiencies among them is time overrun. The aim of this research is to identify the most significant delay causes in large-scale public projects in Jordan and discover the effect of these delays on the achievements of these types of projects. This objective was achieved through a comprehensive literature review, site visits and interviews and questionnaire. This field study was utilized to discover the perception of the participants contributing to the subject of the study. The questionnaire consists of three divisions. The first was concerning the characteristics of the sample contributed to the survey and to explore their opinion about the amount of delay already exist in the industry. The second part included 55 causes of delay distributed to four groups. The third part concentrated on the influence of delay causes on the achievements of the large scale pu...
One of the most significant economic sectors in Jordan is the construction sector. Time and cost ... more One of the most significant economic sectors in Jordan is the construction sector. Time and cost overrun is one of most serious problems suffered by this industry. The major aim of this research is to detect the major causes of delays in public projects in this country and to find the effects of this delay on the performance of these projects. The aim was accomplished through an intensive literature review and a field study used to find the perception of major parties participating in the implementation of the construction projects in Jordan.The survey which was carried out through a questionnaire has three divisions. These are the introductory part, the causes revealed by the literature review (55 causes) categorized into four groups and the effect of causes on the performance of the project. Answers were collected from (146) participants representing clients, contractors and consultants. The analysis carried out through the determination of the frequency of occurrence, severity an...
Construction industry is considered as one of the most important industries in Iraq. It is well k... more Construction industry is considered as one of the most important industries in Iraq. It is well known that most construction projects in this country are exposed to time and cost overrun or both. The main objective of this study is to find the most important causes of delay in public projects in Iraq. This objective was achieved through an intensive literature review and a survey which included a questionnaire used to assess the perceptions of the main participants involved in the construction of the projects. The questionnaire was divided into three parts. The main part focused on the causes of delay in construction sites. The 65 causes compiled through the literature review and the pilot study were classified into four groups (client related, contractor related, consultant related and external factors). Answers were collected from 134 participants representing the three parties involved in the construction of the projects. Analysis was carried out to find the amount of delay suffe...