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Papers by Gianluca Zanetto

2016 Second International Conference on Event-based Control, Communication, and Signal Processing (EBCCSP), 2016

The Event-Driven Metering (EDM) method for electricity enabled the detection and better understan... more The Event-Driven Metering (EDM) method for electricity enabled the detection and better understanding of variable energy-transforming processes from real life. This article generalizes the above-mentioned Lebesgue-based approach by translating it to the accounting of other energy vectors in the form of gases or liquids. Given the behavioral difference between the physical forms of vectors of energy, authors made an effort to keep newly proposed method compatible with the process knowledge being extracted and shared grid-wide by the EDM method previously declined to electricity. Authors exploit the symplectic properties deriving from the energy conservation law. Authors set up new compressive and sparse sensing method by moving from the point-like data to the segment-like entities remaining valid over longer finite time intervals.

2016 Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC), 2016

This paper discusses the conceptual and practical implications of adopting a new type of energy m... more This paper discusses the conceptual and practical implications of adopting a new type of energy meter, based on the identification of events from measuring the power pattern and on sending information on the actual energy used in the time interval between two events. The event-driven metering (EDM) approach enables gathering data useful for setting up effective representations of the knowledge that can be extracted about the prosumers' energy usage during time. Specific comparisons between the EDM effectiveness in reconstructing the power patterns with respect to the classical time-driven metering at regular time intervals are introduced to show the remarkable advantages of the EDM approach. An enhanced average power pattern reconstruction mechanism is also presented, based on the direct reproduction of the average power at the fastest time step occurring before the event generation, and on averaging the power pattern for the remaining part of the corresponding time interval. The case study application is illustrated by using the highly variable power pattern of a residential user.

2015 International Conference on Event-based Control, Communication, and Signal Processing (EBCCSP), 2015

This article presents an industrial application in which event-based smart meters supplies datase... more This article presents an industrial application in which event-based smart meters supplies datasets feeding the Advanced Metering Infrastructure, legacy billing procedures, and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition systems of smart grid. New generation hybrid meters interoperate by using the FI-WARE architectural framework personalized by FINESCE team in the context of Cloud-based Service-Oriented Architecture made available by the Future Internet Public-Private-Partnership. Authors illustrate an opportunity to make observable each node of the Low Voltage energy distribution topology by using new event-based real time toolkit. In this industrial use case, event-based meters fed billing subsystem at regular time intervals, and supplies statefull events in real-time to the control system. This way, both event-based and timer-based datasets are conveyed to the FI-WARE cloud first, that directs them to the respective recipients by using publish-subscribe features and Big Data tools.

2015 Ninth International Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems, 2015

In electrical engineering, event-driven metering is a paradigm enabling different information cod... more In electrical engineering, event-driven metering is a paradigm enabling different information coding with respect to the conventional time-domain metering techniques. It supplies unevenly spaced time series of compressed data representing energy measurements. This paper discusses about the data- and knowledge-representation of energy-based data in Low Voltage segments of Smart Grids. A representation based on tri-vectors and four-vectors is introduced to represent non-uniform linear time finite elements in unevenly spaced time series of metering data. The proposed representation is based on an original interpretation of process orientation in terms of accumulated energy. Practical examples taken from the data gathered from a new event-driven metering device are shown.

2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech, 2015

This article presents software framework that integrates Automated Meter Reading (AMR) and Advanc... more This article presents software framework that integrates Automated Meter Reading (AMR) and Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) components in the context of Cloud-based Service-Oriented Architecture made available by the Future Internet Public-Private-Partnership. Authors used standard DLMS-COSEM interoperability protocol to convey metering datasets to the FI-WARE cloud. Newly developed framework supports timer-driven metering schemes from the known art. Additionally, it is fully compatible with the new coarse-grained method of analytical accounting of energy.

2016 Second International Conference on Event-based Control, Communication, and Signal Processing (EBCCSP), 2016

The event-driven energy metering paradigm has been recently introduced to make the management of ... more The event-driven energy metering paradigm has been recently introduced to make the management of the metered data more effective while reducing the overall amount of data to be transmitted or stored. This paper addresses the specific advantages of reconstructing the results of the aggregation of a number of loads in order to obtain an effective representation of the load aggregation that maintains detailed information on the individual and aggregate power. Examples are provided on real data gathered from individual and aggregate residential users.

2015 IEEE 15th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), 2015

This paper presents the results obtained from a new type of electricity meter, constructed as the... more This paper presents the results obtained from a new type of electricity meter, constructed as the industrial application of event-driven metering concepts. The underlying concepts of event-driven metering are applied to gather information on the electrical load patterns. The data formats used are presented and the details of the knowledge representation referring to the results coming from event-driven metering are discussed. The event-driven metering approach is illustrated by using data gathered from real-life applications.

2016 Second International Conference on Event-based Control, Communication, and Signal Processing (EBCCSP), 2016

This article discusses about the information protection aspects in Lebesgue-based smart meters th... more This article discusses about the information protection aspects in Lebesgue-based smart meters that provide real-time stream of compressive sensing data directed to the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). In smart grid scenario, Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems start using real time metering information. Lebesgue-based method achieves higher data compression rates than the Shannon-based approach by encoding facts in the Mutual Information (MI) or inter-sampling. Part of the TCP/IP data packets remains unencrypted. Stream analytics can uncover knowledge about real life events and their timing by making inference on top of the inter-sampling data. The Rate Of Information (RoI) can be derived from the information left in clear form. It can disclose periods of higher vulnerability of smart grid. In turn, undesirable exploits could be set up. This article presents the ongoing work about unconventional mechanisms applicable to the protection of Mutual Dependence (MD) between pairs of random variables in real-time smart metering scenario.

2017 3rd International Conference on Event-Based Control, Communication and Signal Processing (EBCCSP), 2017

This article discusses information protection in the context of Event-based Energy Management Sys... more This article discusses information protection in the context of Event-based Energy Management Systems in consumer-centered Smart Grid with renewable energy. Authors consider hybrid real time smart metering scenario that provides both the measurement data to the Advanced Metering Infrastructure plus the real-time stream of compressive sensing events directed to the Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition system. The threat is represented by an attacker that injects packets aimed to mislead the Energy Management System. Authors introduce new Security Agent that establishes interoperability between the above-mentioned subsystems aimed to mitigate said treat. The proposed method bridges the Legacy approach and the Service Orientation.

This article presents a work performed in the context of SUCCESS (Energy) Horizon-2020 project. T... more This article presents a work performed in the context of SUCCESS (Energy) Horizon-2020 project. The authors discuss about information protection in real-time Energy Management Systems of consumer-centered Smart Grid with renewable energy. The threat is represented by an attacker that injects packets aimed to mislead the Energy Management System. Authors propose a Security Agent-based approach that bridges between the Metering- and the Control sub-systems.

IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2017

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2017

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2017

Energies

The latest technological developments are challenging for finding new solutions to mitigate the m... more The latest technological developments are challenging for finding new solutions to mitigate the massive integration of renewable-based electricity generation in the electrical networks and to support new and dynamic energy and ancillary services markets. Smart meters have become ubiquitous equipment in the low voltage grid, enabled by the decision made in many countries to support massive deployments. The smart meter is the only equipment mandatory to be mounted when supplying a grid connected user, as it primarily has the function to measure delivered and/or produced energy on its common coupling point with the network, as technical and legal support for billing. Active distribution networks need new functionalities, to cope with the bidirectional energy flow behaviour of the grid, and many smart grid requirements need to be implemented in the near future. However there is no real coupling between smart metering systems and smart grids, as there is not yet a synergy using the opportunity of the high deployment level in smart metering. The paper presents a new approach for managing the smart metering and smart grid orchestration by presenting a new general design based on an unbundled smart meter (USM) concept, labelled as next generation open real-time smart meters (NORM), for integrating the smart meter, phasor measurement unit (PMU) and cyber-security through an enhanced smart metering gateway (SMG). NORM is intended to be deployed everywhere at the prosumer's interface to the grid, as it is usually now done with the standard meter. Furthermore, rich data acquired from NORM is used to demonstrate the potential of assessing grid data inconsistencies at a higher level, as function to be deployed in distribution security monitoring centers, to address the higher level cyber-security threats, such as false data injections and to allow secure grid operations and complex market activities at the same time. The measures are considering only non-sensitive data from a privacy perspective, and is therefore able to be applied everywhere in the grid, down to the end-customer level, where a citizen's personal data protection is an important aspect.

2016 Second International Conference on Event-based Control, Communication, and Signal Processing (EBCCSP), 2016

The Event-Driven Metering (EDM) method for electricity enabled the detection and better understan... more The Event-Driven Metering (EDM) method for electricity enabled the detection and better understanding of variable energy-transforming processes from real life. This article generalizes the above-mentioned Lebesgue-based approach by translating it to the accounting of other energy vectors in the form of gases or liquids. Given the behavioral difference between the physical forms of vectors of energy, authors made an effort to keep newly proposed method compatible with the process knowledge being extracted and shared grid-wide by the EDM method previously declined to electricity. Authors exploit the symplectic properties deriving from the energy conservation law. Authors set up new compressive and sparse sensing method by moving from the point-like data to the segment-like entities remaining valid over longer finite time intervals.

2016 Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC), 2016

This paper discusses the conceptual and practical implications of adopting a new type of energy m... more This paper discusses the conceptual and practical implications of adopting a new type of energy meter, based on the identification of events from measuring the power pattern and on sending information on the actual energy used in the time interval between two events. The event-driven metering (EDM) approach enables gathering data useful for setting up effective representations of the knowledge that can be extracted about the prosumers' energy usage during time. Specific comparisons between the EDM effectiveness in reconstructing the power patterns with respect to the classical time-driven metering at regular time intervals are introduced to show the remarkable advantages of the EDM approach. An enhanced average power pattern reconstruction mechanism is also presented, based on the direct reproduction of the average power at the fastest time step occurring before the event generation, and on averaging the power pattern for the remaining part of the corresponding time interval. The case study application is illustrated by using the highly variable power pattern of a residential user.

2015 International Conference on Event-based Control, Communication, and Signal Processing (EBCCSP), 2015

This article presents an industrial application in which event-based smart meters supplies datase... more This article presents an industrial application in which event-based smart meters supplies datasets feeding the Advanced Metering Infrastructure, legacy billing procedures, and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition systems of smart grid. New generation hybrid meters interoperate by using the FI-WARE architectural framework personalized by FINESCE team in the context of Cloud-based Service-Oriented Architecture made available by the Future Internet Public-Private-Partnership. Authors illustrate an opportunity to make observable each node of the Low Voltage energy distribution topology by using new event-based real time toolkit. In this industrial use case, event-based meters fed billing subsystem at regular time intervals, and supplies statefull events in real-time to the control system. This way, both event-based and timer-based datasets are conveyed to the FI-WARE cloud first, that directs them to the respective recipients by using publish-subscribe features and Big Data tools.

2015 Ninth International Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems, 2015

In electrical engineering, event-driven metering is a paradigm enabling different information cod... more In electrical engineering, event-driven metering is a paradigm enabling different information coding with respect to the conventional time-domain metering techniques. It supplies unevenly spaced time series of compressed data representing energy measurements. This paper discusses about the data- and knowledge-representation of energy-based data in Low Voltage segments of Smart Grids. A representation based on tri-vectors and four-vectors is introduced to represent non-uniform linear time finite elements in unevenly spaced time series of metering data. The proposed representation is based on an original interpretation of process orientation in terms of accumulated energy. Practical examples taken from the data gathered from a new event-driven metering device are shown.

2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech, 2015

This article presents software framework that integrates Automated Meter Reading (AMR) and Advanc... more This article presents software framework that integrates Automated Meter Reading (AMR) and Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) components in the context of Cloud-based Service-Oriented Architecture made available by the Future Internet Public-Private-Partnership. Authors used standard DLMS-COSEM interoperability protocol to convey metering datasets to the FI-WARE cloud. Newly developed framework supports timer-driven metering schemes from the known art. Additionally, it is fully compatible with the new coarse-grained method of analytical accounting of energy.

2016 Second International Conference on Event-based Control, Communication, and Signal Processing (EBCCSP), 2016

The event-driven energy metering paradigm has been recently introduced to make the management of ... more The event-driven energy metering paradigm has been recently introduced to make the management of the metered data more effective while reducing the overall amount of data to be transmitted or stored. This paper addresses the specific advantages of reconstructing the results of the aggregation of a number of loads in order to obtain an effective representation of the load aggregation that maintains detailed information on the individual and aggregate power. Examples are provided on real data gathered from individual and aggregate residential users.

2015 IEEE 15th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), 2015

This paper presents the results obtained from a new type of electricity meter, constructed as the... more This paper presents the results obtained from a new type of electricity meter, constructed as the industrial application of event-driven metering concepts. The underlying concepts of event-driven metering are applied to gather information on the electrical load patterns. The data formats used are presented and the details of the knowledge representation referring to the results coming from event-driven metering are discussed. The event-driven metering approach is illustrated by using data gathered from real-life applications.

2016 Second International Conference on Event-based Control, Communication, and Signal Processing (EBCCSP), 2016

This article discusses about the information protection aspects in Lebesgue-based smart meters th... more This article discusses about the information protection aspects in Lebesgue-based smart meters that provide real-time stream of compressive sensing data directed to the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). In smart grid scenario, Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems start using real time metering information. Lebesgue-based method achieves higher data compression rates than the Shannon-based approach by encoding facts in the Mutual Information (MI) or inter-sampling. Part of the TCP/IP data packets remains unencrypted. Stream analytics can uncover knowledge about real life events and their timing by making inference on top of the inter-sampling data. The Rate Of Information (RoI) can be derived from the information left in clear form. It can disclose periods of higher vulnerability of smart grid. In turn, undesirable exploits could be set up. This article presents the ongoing work about unconventional mechanisms applicable to the protection of Mutual Dependence (MD) between pairs of random variables in real-time smart metering scenario.

2017 3rd International Conference on Event-Based Control, Communication and Signal Processing (EBCCSP), 2017

This article discusses information protection in the context of Event-based Energy Management Sys... more This article discusses information protection in the context of Event-based Energy Management Systems in consumer-centered Smart Grid with renewable energy. Authors consider hybrid real time smart metering scenario that provides both the measurement data to the Advanced Metering Infrastructure plus the real-time stream of compressive sensing events directed to the Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition system. The threat is represented by an attacker that injects packets aimed to mislead the Energy Management System. Authors introduce new Security Agent that establishes interoperability between the above-mentioned subsystems aimed to mitigate said treat. The proposed method bridges the Legacy approach and the Service Orientation.

This article presents a work performed in the context of SUCCESS (Energy) Horizon-2020 project. T... more This article presents a work performed in the context of SUCCESS (Energy) Horizon-2020 project. The authors discuss about information protection in real-time Energy Management Systems of consumer-centered Smart Grid with renewable energy. The threat is represented by an attacker that injects packets aimed to mislead the Energy Management System. Authors propose a Security Agent-based approach that bridges between the Metering- and the Control sub-systems.

IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2017

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2017

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2017

Energies

The latest technological developments are challenging for finding new solutions to mitigate the m... more The latest technological developments are challenging for finding new solutions to mitigate the massive integration of renewable-based electricity generation in the electrical networks and to support new and dynamic energy and ancillary services markets. Smart meters have become ubiquitous equipment in the low voltage grid, enabled by the decision made in many countries to support massive deployments. The smart meter is the only equipment mandatory to be mounted when supplying a grid connected user, as it primarily has the function to measure delivered and/or produced energy on its common coupling point with the network, as technical and legal support for billing. Active distribution networks need new functionalities, to cope with the bidirectional energy flow behaviour of the grid, and many smart grid requirements need to be implemented in the near future. However there is no real coupling between smart metering systems and smart grids, as there is not yet a synergy using the opportunity of the high deployment level in smart metering. The paper presents a new approach for managing the smart metering and smart grid orchestration by presenting a new general design based on an unbundled smart meter (USM) concept, labelled as next generation open real-time smart meters (NORM), for integrating the smart meter, phasor measurement unit (PMU) and cyber-security through an enhanced smart metering gateway (SMG). NORM is intended to be deployed everywhere at the prosumer's interface to the grid, as it is usually now done with the standard meter. Furthermore, rich data acquired from NORM is used to demonstrate the potential of assessing grid data inconsistencies at a higher level, as function to be deployed in distribution security monitoring centers, to address the higher level cyber-security threats, such as false data injections and to allow secure grid operations and complex market activities at the same time. The measures are considering only non-sensitive data from a privacy perspective, and is therefore able to be applied everywhere in the grid, down to the end-customer level, where a citizen's personal data protection is an important aspect.