Giovanni Muscettola - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Giovanni Muscettola
Rivista Di Psichiatria, 1996
PubMed, Dec 30, 1984
The mutagenic activity of Flunitrazepam, the active ingredient of the drug Rohypnol, has been inv... more The mutagenic activity of Flunitrazepam, the active ingredient of the drug Rohypnol, has been investigated by using the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity test. A dose-related mutagenic effect was observed on Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 100 either in the absence or in the presence of a rat liver microsomal fraction (S9) as in vitro metabolic activation system. By adopting a modification of the Salmonella test, the mutagenicity of urines from rats or patients treated with the drug was evaluated. In these cases mutagenic activity was detected toward the Salmonella strains TA 98 and TA 100 both in presence and in absence of the metabolic activation system. The data indicate that Flunitrazepam and/or its urinary metabolites can induce both base-pair substitutions or frame-shift point mutations.
Official Journal of the Italian Society of Psychopathology, Aug 17, 2005
Objectives Eating Disorders are characterized from changing of behaviour feeding, that follow alt... more Objectives Eating Disorders are characterized from changing of behaviour feeding, that follow alterations of weight perception of self body image; from several years, our outpatient ambulatory, studies relatinships between DCA syndromes and personality and this article reports results of a research on this theme for a more specific tratment. Methods Our research tools were psychiatric interview and PDQ4+ (Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire). Our population is constituted from 70 female outpatients, with an average age of 26 years and with eating disorders diagnosis of trouble feed, according to DSM-IV-TR criteria (Fig. 1). This population was confronted with a control group of 74 persons, with an average age of 25 years, followed by dietology department of university of Naples «Federico II». Results PDQ4+ test underlines personality disorders in 29% of our patients respect to 4% frequency in the control group; 60% of patients showed personality traits respect to 65% of the control group; 11% of DCA patients didn't show any personality disorders or personality traits (Fig. 2). Conclusions This study shows low useful are researches concerning relationships between personality and eating Disorders. In fact these studies are helpful to psychotherapists in their approach to this kind of patients.
British Journal of Pharmacology, Feb 1, 1972
1. Determinations of desipramine in the isolated rat vas deferens were carried out in order to st... more 1. Determinations of desipramine in the isolated rat vas deferens were carried out in order to study the uptake of the drug and to evaluate how this may correlate with the effect on noradrenaline (NA)-induced contraction. 2. Vasa deferentia, in contact with concentrations of desipramine of 1 ng-25 ,ag/ml for 10 min accumulated the drug about 6-fold in respect to the medium. When the time of contact was prolonged to 4 h, desipramine (200 ng/ml) was concentrated about 100-fold. The uptake was not saturable and it was not affected by the presence of imipramine, cocaine, ouabain, dinitrophenol and iodoacetate. 3. No metabolic process is involved although the accumulation of desipramine is temperature dependent. The release of desipramine from the vas deferens is exponential and it is not affected by the presence of plasma in the medium. 4. No clear correlation was found between tissue concentration of the drug and the potentiation of noradrenaline responses, probably because of the high non-specific binding of the drug to tissue components which may mask specific binding sites for NA resulting in potentiation. However, the concentration of desipramine seems to correlate with the inhibition of NA effect which occurs at high doses of desipramine.
Brain Stimulation, May 1, 2013
Official Journal of the Italian Society of Psychopathology, Jul 9, 2010
Lo sviluppo delle Linee Guida (LG) in medicina nasce dalla necessità di organizzare in maniera si... more Lo sviluppo delle Linee Guida (LG) in medicina nasce dalla necessità di organizzare in maniera sistematica l'aumento delle conoscenze scientifiche, di favorirne la disseminazione sistematica e l'applicazione cercando di uniformare i trattamenti in base a standard di qualità definiti ed accettati dalla comunità scientifica 1 2. Una valutazione ragionata delle principali linee guida internazionali sulla farmacoterapia della schizofrenia An appraisal of the major Guidelines on the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia
Radiologia Medica, Aug 1, 1949
Official Journal of the Italian Society of Psychopathology, Aug 14, 2007
Lithium is the reference compound in drug therapy of bipolar disorders, even if recently several ... more Lithium is the reference compound in drug therapy of bipolar disorders, even if recently several mood stabilizers, with a good tolerability profile, have become available. One problem with the use of lithium salts is its neurotoxicity (neurological, psychiatric and cognitive side-effects). The adverse reactions are not always correlated with serum levels of lithium and may appear within the plasmatic range. The neurotoxicity may be a reversible or irreversible condition depending upon timeliness of identification and treatment. In this report, a clinical case is described in a female patient affected by bipolar disorder, type 1. In the psychiatric history of the patient, one depressive episode and two maniac episodes were recorded (Fig. 1); the patient was treated with lithium carbonate after the last maniac episode. During the previous year, she gradually showed signs of encephalopathy: tremor, ataxia, drop attack, unsteady march, positive Romberg, adiadochokinesis, dysarthria, light muscular stiffness hyper-reflexia in legs and arms, light fasciculation of the tongue, hyper-salivation; mental confusion, numbness, disorientation, reduced attention and memory. The serum level of lithium carbonate was always found within the therapeutic range. An electroencephalogram (EEG) performed on the day of hospitalization showed transient diffuse abnormalities, suggesting dismetabolic encephalopathy (Fig. 2). An electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed repolarization abnormalities (Fig. 3). After gradual washout of lithium and titration of lamotrigine as a substitutive mood stabilizer, the EEG abnormalities disappeared with return to a normal pattern of cerebral electric activity (Fig. 4) and previous neurological and psychiatric signs disappeared within three weeks. At the end of follow-up, ECG was normal (Fig. 5). The present report underlines the importance of EEG monitoring in patients on the lithium therapy as a possible early index of lithium neurotoxicity.
Official Journal of the Italian Society of Psychopathology, Mar 18, 2000
European Neuropsychopharmacology, Sep 1, 1992
PubMed, May 1, 1984
Plasma cortisol suppression following 1 mg dexamethasone administration was investigated in patie... more Plasma cortisol suppression following 1 mg dexamethasone administration was investigated in patients with affective disorders. Twenty-nine depressed outpatients, 8 bipolar depressed inpatients during manic or hypomanic phase, and twelve healthy volunteers entered the study. Depressed patients were divided into 2 groups according to Research Diagnostic Criterio of Spitzer et al. (1978). The first group consisted of 10 patients affected by minor depressive disorders. The second group was formed of 19 patients with major depressive disorders (7 bipolar, 12 unipolar). No difference between patients and controls was found in baseline 4.00 p.m. serum cortisol levels. Healthy volunteers, patients with minor depressive disorders and bipolar subjects in manic or hypomanic phase showed normal suppression. On the other hand, only 42% of patients with major depressive disorders showed suppression. These results suggest that altered response to dexamethasone is a state-dependent phenomenon. Moreover, a dexamethasone suppression test is able to identify subgroups of suppressor in affected patients.
Based on the dopaminergic hypothesis, the dopamine D(1) receptor gene (DRD1) is considered to be ... more Based on the dopaminergic hypothesis, the dopamine D(1) receptor gene (DRD1) is considered to be a good candidate gene involved in the susceptibility of bipolar disorder (BP). Genetic association between three DRD1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (-800T/C, -48A/G, and 1403T/C) and bipolar type I (BP I) disorder was performed in a case-control sample of Sardinian origin (170 BP I and 209 controls) and in an enlarged sample (229 families) of BP I trios from Toronto. The haplotype analyses generated significant global chi-square in both samples (P-value 0.024 in Toronto and 0.00042 in Sardinian). The main representative haplotypes in both samples were the -800T/-48A/1403C and the -800C/-48G/1403T. Considering each group individually, the -800C/-48G/1403T was transmitted more frequently from parents to BP I probands in Toronto sample (nominally P-value = 0.047) and was more frequent in cases than in control subjects in Sardinian sample although showing no significant evidence of association (nominally P-value = 0.16) When the estimated haplotype counts of both samples were combined, the global chi(2) was significant (P-value = 0.00085) and the nominal P-value for the haplotype -800C/-48G/1403T was 0.01. The fact that the same haplotype shows a similar trend for association in samples originating from different ethnic backgrounds seems to imply that the -800C/-48G/1403T haplotype may be considered as a risk factor for BP I disorder.
Function and Regulation of Monoamine Enzymes: Basic and Clinical Aspects, 1981
Drugs which inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) in vivo produce changes in the metabolism of over ten... more Drugs which inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) in vivo produce changes in the metabolism of over ten amines whic are substrates for this enzyme. Some physiologic and behavioral changes in animals and man occur as direct consequences of these amine metabolism alterations, while others occur later and appear related to adaptational responses in amine-containing neurotransmitter systems. Our group has been interested in whether the recently accumlating knowledge about substrate-selective subtypes of monoamine oxidase might have clinical implications. Much of the information regarding MAO substrate selectivity has been obtained in vitro or under conditions of acute MAO-inhibitor administration in rodents, and has indicated that serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine are preferentially deaminated by MAO type A, while phenylethylamine, phenylethanolamine, tele-methylhistamine, benzylamine and o-tyramine are more avidly deaminated by MAO-B (for reviews see Fowler, et al., 1978; Murphy, 1979). We have been systematically studying the effects of longer-term administration of several selective MAO-inhibitor drugs in animals (Campbell, et al., 1979) and man (Murphy, et al., 1979).
Advances in biochemical psychopharmacology, 1982
Rivista Di Psichiatria, 1996
PubMed, Dec 30, 1984
The mutagenic activity of Flunitrazepam, the active ingredient of the drug Rohypnol, has been inv... more The mutagenic activity of Flunitrazepam, the active ingredient of the drug Rohypnol, has been investigated by using the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity test. A dose-related mutagenic effect was observed on Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 100 either in the absence or in the presence of a rat liver microsomal fraction (S9) as in vitro metabolic activation system. By adopting a modification of the Salmonella test, the mutagenicity of urines from rats or patients treated with the drug was evaluated. In these cases mutagenic activity was detected toward the Salmonella strains TA 98 and TA 100 both in presence and in absence of the metabolic activation system. The data indicate that Flunitrazepam and/or its urinary metabolites can induce both base-pair substitutions or frame-shift point mutations.
Official Journal of the Italian Society of Psychopathology, Aug 17, 2005
Objectives Eating Disorders are characterized from changing of behaviour feeding, that follow alt... more Objectives Eating Disorders are characterized from changing of behaviour feeding, that follow alterations of weight perception of self body image; from several years, our outpatient ambulatory, studies relatinships between DCA syndromes and personality and this article reports results of a research on this theme for a more specific tratment. Methods Our research tools were psychiatric interview and PDQ4+ (Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire). Our population is constituted from 70 female outpatients, with an average age of 26 years and with eating disorders diagnosis of trouble feed, according to DSM-IV-TR criteria (Fig. 1). This population was confronted with a control group of 74 persons, with an average age of 25 years, followed by dietology department of university of Naples «Federico II». Results PDQ4+ test underlines personality disorders in 29% of our patients respect to 4% frequency in the control group; 60% of patients showed personality traits respect to 65% of the control group; 11% of DCA patients didn't show any personality disorders or personality traits (Fig. 2). Conclusions This study shows low useful are researches concerning relationships between personality and eating Disorders. In fact these studies are helpful to psychotherapists in their approach to this kind of patients.
British Journal of Pharmacology, Feb 1, 1972
1. Determinations of desipramine in the isolated rat vas deferens were carried out in order to st... more 1. Determinations of desipramine in the isolated rat vas deferens were carried out in order to study the uptake of the drug and to evaluate how this may correlate with the effect on noradrenaline (NA)-induced contraction. 2. Vasa deferentia, in contact with concentrations of desipramine of 1 ng-25 ,ag/ml for 10 min accumulated the drug about 6-fold in respect to the medium. When the time of contact was prolonged to 4 h, desipramine (200 ng/ml) was concentrated about 100-fold. The uptake was not saturable and it was not affected by the presence of imipramine, cocaine, ouabain, dinitrophenol and iodoacetate. 3. No metabolic process is involved although the accumulation of desipramine is temperature dependent. The release of desipramine from the vas deferens is exponential and it is not affected by the presence of plasma in the medium. 4. No clear correlation was found between tissue concentration of the drug and the potentiation of noradrenaline responses, probably because of the high non-specific binding of the drug to tissue components which may mask specific binding sites for NA resulting in potentiation. However, the concentration of desipramine seems to correlate with the inhibition of NA effect which occurs at high doses of desipramine.
Brain Stimulation, May 1, 2013
Official Journal of the Italian Society of Psychopathology, Jul 9, 2010
Lo sviluppo delle Linee Guida (LG) in medicina nasce dalla necessità di organizzare in maniera si... more Lo sviluppo delle Linee Guida (LG) in medicina nasce dalla necessità di organizzare in maniera sistematica l'aumento delle conoscenze scientifiche, di favorirne la disseminazione sistematica e l'applicazione cercando di uniformare i trattamenti in base a standard di qualità definiti ed accettati dalla comunità scientifica 1 2. Una valutazione ragionata delle principali linee guida internazionali sulla farmacoterapia della schizofrenia An appraisal of the major Guidelines on the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia
Radiologia Medica, Aug 1, 1949
Official Journal of the Italian Society of Psychopathology, Aug 14, 2007
Lithium is the reference compound in drug therapy of bipolar disorders, even if recently several ... more Lithium is the reference compound in drug therapy of bipolar disorders, even if recently several mood stabilizers, with a good tolerability profile, have become available. One problem with the use of lithium salts is its neurotoxicity (neurological, psychiatric and cognitive side-effects). The adverse reactions are not always correlated with serum levels of lithium and may appear within the plasmatic range. The neurotoxicity may be a reversible or irreversible condition depending upon timeliness of identification and treatment. In this report, a clinical case is described in a female patient affected by bipolar disorder, type 1. In the psychiatric history of the patient, one depressive episode and two maniac episodes were recorded (Fig. 1); the patient was treated with lithium carbonate after the last maniac episode. During the previous year, she gradually showed signs of encephalopathy: tremor, ataxia, drop attack, unsteady march, positive Romberg, adiadochokinesis, dysarthria, light muscular stiffness hyper-reflexia in legs and arms, light fasciculation of the tongue, hyper-salivation; mental confusion, numbness, disorientation, reduced attention and memory. The serum level of lithium carbonate was always found within the therapeutic range. An electroencephalogram (EEG) performed on the day of hospitalization showed transient diffuse abnormalities, suggesting dismetabolic encephalopathy (Fig. 2). An electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed repolarization abnormalities (Fig. 3). After gradual washout of lithium and titration of lamotrigine as a substitutive mood stabilizer, the EEG abnormalities disappeared with return to a normal pattern of cerebral electric activity (Fig. 4) and previous neurological and psychiatric signs disappeared within three weeks. At the end of follow-up, ECG was normal (Fig. 5). The present report underlines the importance of EEG monitoring in patients on the lithium therapy as a possible early index of lithium neurotoxicity.
Official Journal of the Italian Society of Psychopathology, Mar 18, 2000
European Neuropsychopharmacology, Sep 1, 1992
PubMed, May 1, 1984
Plasma cortisol suppression following 1 mg dexamethasone administration was investigated in patie... more Plasma cortisol suppression following 1 mg dexamethasone administration was investigated in patients with affective disorders. Twenty-nine depressed outpatients, 8 bipolar depressed inpatients during manic or hypomanic phase, and twelve healthy volunteers entered the study. Depressed patients were divided into 2 groups according to Research Diagnostic Criterio of Spitzer et al. (1978). The first group consisted of 10 patients affected by minor depressive disorders. The second group was formed of 19 patients with major depressive disorders (7 bipolar, 12 unipolar). No difference between patients and controls was found in baseline 4.00 p.m. serum cortisol levels. Healthy volunteers, patients with minor depressive disorders and bipolar subjects in manic or hypomanic phase showed normal suppression. On the other hand, only 42% of patients with major depressive disorders showed suppression. These results suggest that altered response to dexamethasone is a state-dependent phenomenon. Moreover, a dexamethasone suppression test is able to identify subgroups of suppressor in affected patients.
Based on the dopaminergic hypothesis, the dopamine D(1) receptor gene (DRD1) is considered to be ... more Based on the dopaminergic hypothesis, the dopamine D(1) receptor gene (DRD1) is considered to be a good candidate gene involved in the susceptibility of bipolar disorder (BP). Genetic association between three DRD1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (-800T/C, -48A/G, and 1403T/C) and bipolar type I (BP I) disorder was performed in a case-control sample of Sardinian origin (170 BP I and 209 controls) and in an enlarged sample (229 families) of BP I trios from Toronto. The haplotype analyses generated significant global chi-square in both samples (P-value 0.024 in Toronto and 0.00042 in Sardinian). The main representative haplotypes in both samples were the -800T/-48A/1403C and the -800C/-48G/1403T. Considering each group individually, the -800C/-48G/1403T was transmitted more frequently from parents to BP I probands in Toronto sample (nominally P-value = 0.047) and was more frequent in cases than in control subjects in Sardinian sample although showing no significant evidence of association (nominally P-value = 0.16) When the estimated haplotype counts of both samples were combined, the global chi(2) was significant (P-value = 0.00085) and the nominal P-value for the haplotype -800C/-48G/1403T was 0.01. The fact that the same haplotype shows a similar trend for association in samples originating from different ethnic backgrounds seems to imply that the -800C/-48G/1403T haplotype may be considered as a risk factor for BP I disorder.
Function and Regulation of Monoamine Enzymes: Basic and Clinical Aspects, 1981
Drugs which inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) in vivo produce changes in the metabolism of over ten... more Drugs which inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) in vivo produce changes in the metabolism of over ten amines whic are substrates for this enzyme. Some physiologic and behavioral changes in animals and man occur as direct consequences of these amine metabolism alterations, while others occur later and appear related to adaptational responses in amine-containing neurotransmitter systems. Our group has been interested in whether the recently accumlating knowledge about substrate-selective subtypes of monoamine oxidase might have clinical implications. Much of the information regarding MAO substrate selectivity has been obtained in vitro or under conditions of acute MAO-inhibitor administration in rodents, and has indicated that serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine are preferentially deaminated by MAO type A, while phenylethylamine, phenylethanolamine, tele-methylhistamine, benzylamine and o-tyramine are more avidly deaminated by MAO-B (for reviews see Fowler, et al., 1978; Murphy, 1979). We have been systematically studying the effects of longer-term administration of several selective MAO-inhibitor drugs in animals (Campbell, et al., 1979) and man (Murphy, et al., 1979).
Advances in biochemical psychopharmacology, 1982