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Papers by Giovanni Pergola

Research paper thumbnail of Human fat cell beta-adrenergic receptors: beta-agonist-dependent lipolytic responses and characterization of beta-adrenergic binding sites on human fat cell membranes with highly selective beta, -antagonists

Beta-adrenergic receptors were characterized in human fat cell membranes using 1251-labeled cyano... more Beta-adrenergic receptors were characterized in human fat cell membranes using 1251-labeled cyanopindolol ('251-labeled CUP) and highly selective beta 1-antagonists. The iodinated radioligand bound saturably and specifically to a single class of high affinity binding sites. The number of binding sites determined with 'Z51-labeled CYP closely agreed with that determined with two other tritiated radioligands: [3H]dihydroalprenolo1 and [3H]CGP-12,177. Since 12SI-labeled CYP does not discriminate between beta 1and beta 2-adrenoceptors, the densities of the two receptor subtypes were determined from the competition curves of 1251-labeled CYP by highly selective beta 1-antagonists (bisoprolol,406,712A,545). Moreover, in order to enable correlation with binding data, the regulation of adenylate cyclase activity and of lipolysis was tested with various beta-agonist and antagonist compounds. The results obtained on fat cell membranes from abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue demonstrated the following. I) Iz5I-

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of shift work on body mass index: results of a study performed in 319 glucose-tolerant men working in a Southern Italian industry

International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2003

To examine the influence of shift work on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in subjects w... more To examine the influence of shift work on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in subjects working in an industry sited in Apulia, Southern Italy. Cross-sectional study of metabolic effects of shift work in glucose tolerant workers in a chemical industry in southern Italy. The subjects included 319 glucose tolerant male individuals, aged 35-60 y. Anthropometric parameters (body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)), fasting concentrations of glucose, insulin, and lipids (total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides), the sum of glucose levels during 75 g-oral glucose tolerance test (Sigma-OGTT), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively). The prevalence of obesity was higher among shift workers compared to day workers, whereas body fat distribution was not different between the two groups. Shift workers had higher BMI than day workers, and shift working was associated with BMI, independently of age and work duration. Shift workers had si...

Research paper thumbnail of Free testosterone plasma levels are negatively associated with the intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery in overweight and obese glucose-tolerant young adult men

International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2003

To evaluate the relation between free testosterone (FT) levels and the intima-media thickness of ... more To evaluate the relation between free testosterone (FT) levels and the intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery (IMT-CCA) in overweight and obese glucose-tolerant (NGT) young adult men. Cross-sectional study of FT and IMT-CCA in obese men. A total of 127 overweight and obese NGT male individuals, aged 18-45 y. FT plasma levels; IMT-CCA, as measured by high-resolution B-mode ultrasound imaging; central fat accumulation, as evaluated by waist circumference; body composition, as measured by bioimpedance analysis; insulin resistance, as calculated by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA(IR)); systolic and diastolic blood pressure; and fasting concentrations of glucose, insulin, and lipids. IMT-CCA was positively correlated with age, body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), waist circumference, and fasting glucose concentrations, and inversely associated with FT levels. After multivariate analysis, IMT-CCA maintained an independent association with BMI, FM, and FT levels. This stud...

Research paper thumbnail of Morphological and functional vascular changes induced by childhood obesity

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 2011

To investigate endothelial dysfunction and morphological vascular changes in childhood obesity. 9... more To investigate endothelial dysfunction and morphological vascular changes in childhood obesity. 93 overweight/obese children (body mass index 26 ± 5 kg/m(2); median 26 kg/m(2); interquartile range 22-28 kg/m(2)), mean age 10.9 ± 2.7 years, underwent a check-up of total, high-density lipoprotein- and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and white blood cell count, together with ultrasound measures of flow-mediated dilatation, carotid intima-media thickness, and anterior-posterior diameter of the abdominal aorta. The body mass index of overweight/obese children had a statistically significant linear relationship (p < 0.05) with triglycerides, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, carotid intima-media thickness, anterior-posterior diameter of the abdominal aorta, and flow-mediated dilatation values. Overweight/obese children have an initial endothelial dysfunction and vascular damage, i.e., the first stage in the development of atherosclerosis.

Research paper thumbnail of Lower insulin sensitivity as an independent risk factor for carotid wall thickening in normotensive, non-diabetic, non-smoking normal weight and obese premenopausal women

International Journal of Obesity, 2000

OBJECTIVE: Increased thickness of the intima ± media complex of the common carotid artery (IMT-CC... more OBJECTIVE: Increased thickness of the intima ± media complex of the common carotid artery (IMT-CCA) is an early marker of atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between insulin resistance and IMT-CCA in premenopausal women. SUBJECTS: 86 young women, aged 18 ± 31 y, were recruited for the study: 28 were normal weight (BMI`25 kgam 2 ), 23 were overweight (BMI 25 ± 30 kgam 2 ) and 35 were obese (BMI b 30 kgam 2 ). MEASUREMENTS: The IMT-CCA was measured by high resolution`B-mode' ultrasonography; insulin sensitivity was determined by insulin tolerance test (ITT) and quantitated by calculation of K ITT. Fasting plasma glucose and lipids (triglycerides, total and HDL-cholesterol) were also measured by enzymatic methods. Central fat accumulation was evaluated by measuring waist circumference (WC). RESULTS: IMT-CCA showed an inverse association with K ITT (P`0.05). When the IMT-CCA was considered as the dependent variable in a forward stepwise multiple regression analysis, it maintained an independent association with K ITT (P`0.05), after adjusting data for age, BMI, WC, mean blood pressure levels and plasma glucose and lipids. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that IMT-CCA is signi®cantly associated with insulin resistance, independent of other well-known CVD risk factors. Since the IMT-CCA is an earlier asymptomatic sign of atherosclerosis, this study indicates that insulin resistance per se may accelerate atherogenesis.

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of a family history of type II diabetes on fasting leptin and adiponectin plasma levels

Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2008

Background and aims Family history of type II diabetes appears to increase the risk of type II di... more Background and aims Family history of type II diabetes appears to increase the risk of type II diabetes and of coronary heart disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a first-degree family history of type II diabetes on fasting plasma concentrations of leptin and adiponectin in an outpatient clinical setting.

Research paper thumbnail of C-reactive protein is independently associated with total body fat, central fat, and insulin resistance in adult women

International Journal of Obesity, 2001

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations are influenced by body ... more OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations are influenced by body composition, insulin resistance, and body fat distribution in healthy women.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of CRP plasma levels in adult women.SUBJECTS: A total of 201 apparently healthy normal weight, overweight, and obese women, aged 18–60 y.MEASUREMENTS: CRP plasma levels, several fatness and body fat distribution parameters (by bioimpedance analysis and

Research paper thumbnail of Sleep-related breathing disorders, loud snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness in obese subjects

International Journal of Obesity, 2001

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of sleep breathing disorders, loud snoring and excessive... more OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of sleep breathing disorders, loud snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness in a group of obese subjects, and to identify the predictors of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity in these patients.SUBJECTS: A total of 161 consecutive obese patients (body mass index (BMI)≥30.0 kg/m2), ranging between 30.0 and 67.3, represented by 57 men and 104 women, aged

Research paper thumbnail of Predictive value of ovarian stroma measurement for cardiovascular risk in polycyctic ovary syndrome: a case control study

Journal of Ovarian Research, 2010

Background: To verify the feasibility of ovarian stromal evaluation and correlate ovarian paramet... more Background: To verify the feasibility of ovarian stromal evaluation and correlate ovarian parameteres (echogenicity and volume) with hyperandrogenism, and both cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in PCOS.

Research paper thumbnail of Plasma leptin is independently associated with the intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery

International Journal of Obesity, 2001

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery (CCA)... more OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery (CCA), an early marker of asymptomatic atherosclerosis, is signi®cantly and independently associated with plasma concentrations of leptin, an adipose tissue hormone that has recently been proposed as a cardiovascular risk factor in obese patients. DESIGN: Cross-sectional sample of normal-weight and obese men and women. SUBJECTS: One-hundred and twenty healthy subjects (52 men and 68 women), aged 18 ± 45 y and with a wide range of BMI, were recruited for the study. MEASUREMENTS: Fasting plasma leptin concentrations and the IMT of the CCA were measured in all subjects. Leptin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay and the IMT of the CCA was quanti®ed by high resolution B-mode ultrasound imaging. Central fat (measured by waist circumference), smoking habits, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity (measured by the insulin tolerance test), and fasting plasma glucose, insulin and lipid pattern (cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol) were also measured. RESULTS: IMT of the CCA was positively correlated with log leptin concentrations (P`0.005 in men and P`0.001 in women), body mass index (P`0.001 in men and women), waist circumference (P`0.001 in men and women), age (P`0.001 in men and P`0.05 in women), and negatively associated with insulin sensitivity in both sexes (P`0.05). IMT was also directly correlated with cholesterol (P`0.05), LDL-cholesterol (P`0.01) and systolic blood pressure in men (P`0.05), and with diastolic blood pressure levels in women (P`0.05). When a multiple linear regression model was used without body mass index (BMI), the correlation between leptin and IMT was maintained in both men (P`0.01) and women (P`0.005), independent of age, insulin sensitivity, smoking habits, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol. By contrast, BMI-adjusted leptin concentrations were not signi®cantly associated with IMT (Pc (partial correlation): 0.41 in men and 0.15 in women). Moreover, when BMI was entered into a multiple linear regression model without leptin, the correlation between BMI and IMT was maintained in both men (P`0.005) and women (P`0.01), independent of the same parameters. CONCLUSION: Plasma leptin concentrations are independently associated with the IMT of the CCA, suggesting that the increase of adipose tissue mass (or leptin per se) may have an unfavourable in¯uence on the development of atherosclerosis. However, the association between IMT and leptin seems to be dependent andaor confounded by the relationship between IMT and obesity.

Research paper thumbnail of Increase in both pro-thrombotic and anti-thrombotic factors in obese premenopausal women: relationship with body fat distribution

International Journal of Obesity, 1997

Research paper thumbnail of The need for vernalization in Eustoma russellianum

Scientia Horticulturae, 1992

Pergola, G., 1992. The need for vernalization in Eustoma russellianum. Scientia Hortic., 51:123-127.

Research paper thumbnail of Parathyroid Hormone Determination in Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspirates Allows the Differentiation between Thyroid and Parathyroid Lesions: Our Experience and Review of the Literature

Endocrine‚ Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets, 2014

In many cases, it is difficult or even impossible to distinguish parathyroid lesions from thyroid... more In many cases, it is difficult or even impossible to distinguish parathyroid lesions from thyroid ones at ultrasound as well as at scintiscan and even at cytology, because they often share common features. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) determination in the aspirates in the differential diagnosis of parathyroid from thyroid lesions in an area of mild iodine deficiency and high prevalence of thyroid nodules. Forty-six consecutive patients were suspected to have one or more nodule(s) of parathyroid origin because of their position in the posterior aspect of thyroid lobes and/or their shape and echo-pattern at ultrasound examination. In 13 cases, there were also laboratory findings suggestive for primary hyperparathyroidism, with clinical evidence in 6 of these patients. A total of 55 lesions suspected to be of parathyroid origin were selected. After obtaining cytological preparations, the needle used to perform the fine-needle aspirate (FNA) was washed using 1 ml of normal saline. Intact PTH determination in the washout was done whereas the evaluation was performed directly in the aspirated fluid in case of cystic lesions. The values of PTH in the aspirates ranged from 6.7 to 16640 pg/ml. Sixteen patients underwent surgical intervention and the histological examination of the 23 operated lesions previously submitted to FNA-PTH showed 11 parathyroid adenomas, 5 hyperplasic parathyroid lesions and 7 benign thyroid nodules. A strong positive correlation between high levels of PTH in the aspirate and the histological findings of parathyroid lesions was found. A value over 245 pg/ml was constantly associated to the parathyroid lesions. Our results confirmed the high accuracy of FNA-PTH determination in differentiating parathyroid lesions from thyroid nodules and this is of special value in an area of mild iodine deficiency with a high prevalence of thyroid nodules.

Research paper thumbnail of Ectopic Thyroid Gland: Description of a Case and Review of the Literature

Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets, 2013

The clinical occurrence of ectopic thyroid gland is an infrequently encountered condition, result... more The clinical occurrence of ectopic thyroid gland is an infrequently encountered condition, resulting from a developmental abnormality during the migration of the thyroid anlage from the floor of the primitive foregut to its final position in the neck. It can be found along the way of thyroid descent, in the midline, or laterally in the neck or even in the mediastinum or under the diaphragm. This condition is often asymptomatic, whereas symptoms could be related to ectopic thyroid size, to its relationships with surrounding organs or to diseases affecting the ectopic thyroid in the same way they involve orthotopic glands. Sometimes, a growing mass can lead to the clinical suspicion of a tumor disease. On the other hand, thyroid ectopy must be distinguished from metastasis of thyroid cancer. Scintigraphy and ultrasonography are the main diagnostic means for evaluating ectopic thyroid tissue, whereas fine needle aspiration could be useful in the presence of a nodular ectopic gland or when the coexistence of an orthotopic thyroid can arise the suspicion of a metastasis from a thyroid cancer. Surgical removal is indicated in symptomatic cases, whereas radioiodine ablation is reserved to recurrent disease. In this paper we report an emblematic case of ectopic thyroid gland and a review of the literature dealing with this condition.

Research paper thumbnail of High prevalence of previously unknown subclinical hypothyroidism in obese patients referred to a sleep clinic for sleep disordered breathing

Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 2004

Background and Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of previously unknown hypothyroidism in adult male... more Background and Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of previously unknown hypothyroidism in adult male and female patients with a wide range of body mass index (BMI) values, referred to a Sleep Clinic because of sleep disordered breathing (SDB).

Research paper thumbnail of Relationship between C3 Levels and Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Overweight and Obese Patients

Obesity Facts, 2011

The study aim was to compare C3 levels with the common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA... more The study aim was to compare C3 levels with the common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCAIMT) in subjects of both genders, with a wide range of BMI, independently of age, gender, and abdominal obesity. 140 euthyroid, mainly overweight/obese subjects (age 18-30 years) were examined. BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting insulin, glucose, lipids, C3 and C-reactive protein serum concentrations, and insulin resistance degree (estimated by homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMAIR)) were measured. CCA-IMT was positively (p < 0.001) correlated with BMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, HOMAIR, and insulin, CRP, and C3 serum levels. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that only male gender and waist circumference maintained an independent relation with the CCA-IMT. This study suggests that central fat accumulation and male gender independently increase the thickness of the arterial wall, whereas inflammation and inflammatory markers do not have an independent effect on this parameter.

Research paper thumbnail of Inhibitory Effect of Obesity on Gonadotropin, Estradiol, and Inhibin B Levels in Fertile Women*

Obesity, 2006

DE PERGOLA, GIOVANNI, SIMONA MALDERA, MASSIMO TARTAGNI, NICOLA PANNACCIULLI, GIUSEPPE LOVERRO, AN... more DE PERGOLA, GIOVANNI, SIMONA MALDERA, MASSIMO TARTAGNI, NICOLA PANNACCIULLI, GIUSEPPE LOVERRO, AND RICCARDO GIORGINO. Inhibitory effect of obesity on gonadotropin, estradiol, and inhibin B levels in fertile women. Obesity. 2006;14: 1954 -1960. Objective: To examine whether obesity and insulin resistance have an independent effect on the gonadotropin, estradiol, and inhibin B serum levels and follicle count in the early follicular phase of fertile women with a wide range of BMI and without signs of hyperandrogenism.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Glucose Tolerance Status on PAI-1 Plasma Levels in Overweight and Obese Subjects

Obesity, 2002

PANNACCIULLI, NICOLA, VITO DE MITRIO, RENATO MARINO, RICCARDO GIORGINO, AND GIOVANNI DE PERGOLA. ... more PANNACCIULLI, NICOLA, VITO DE MITRIO, RENATO MARINO, RICCARDO GIORGINO, AND GIOVANNI DE PERGOLA. Effect of glucose tolerance status on PAI-1 plasma levels in overweight and obese subjects. Obes Res. 2002;10:717-725.

Research paper thumbnail of Association between Low-Molecular Weight Apolipoprotein(a) Isoforms and Obesity in Italian Women**

Obesity, 2004

DEROSA, GIUSEPPE, ROBERTO FOGARI, MARIO NELLO PICCINNI, EMMANOUIL PEROS, GIANANDREA BERTONE, LEON... more DEROSA, GIUSEPPE, ROBERTO FOGARI, MARIO NELLO PICCINNI, EMMANOUIL PEROS, GIANANDREA BERTONE, LEONARDINA CICCARELLI, CARMINE TINELLI, DIEGO GEROLDI, NICOLA PANNACCIULLI, AND GIOVANNI DE PERGOLA. Association between low-molecular weight apolipoprotein(a) isoforms and obesity in Italian women. Obes Res. 2004;12:1322-1326.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Family History of Type 2 Diabetes on White Blood Cell Count in Adult Women

Obesity, 2003

PANNACCIULLI, NICOLA, FRANCESCO GIORGINO, RAFFAELE A. MARTINA, ONOFRIO RESTA, RICCARDO GIORGINO, ... more PANNACCIULLI, NICOLA, FRANCESCO GIORGINO, RAFFAELE A. MARTINA, ONOFRIO RESTA, RICCARDO GIORGINO, AND GIOVANNI DE PERGOLA. Effect of family history of type 2 diabetes on white blood cell count in adult women. Obes Res. 2003;11: 1232-1237. Objective: To evaluate the effect of a first-degree family history of type 2 diabetes on white blood cell (WBC) count, a risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular disease, in glucosetolerant adult women Research Methods and Procedures: WBC count was measured in 174 normal weight, overweight, and obese female offspring of type 2 diabetic patients (FH ϩ ) and 174 age-and BMI-matched female controls with no family history of type 2 diabetes (FH Ϫ ). Other measurements included fat mass (FM), measured by body impedance analysis; central fat accumulation, evaluated by waist circumference; insulin resistance, estimated by homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA IR ); systolic and diastolic blood pressure; and fasting concentrations of glucose, insulin, and lipids. Results: WBC count, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and fasting levels of glucose, insulin, and triglycerides were significantly higher in FH ϩ than in FH Ϫ subjects. In FH ϩ individuals, WBC count was positively associated with BMI, FM, waist circumference, HOMA IR , and triglyceride and insulin concentrations, and negatively correlated with age and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. In FH Ϫ subjects, WBC count was directly associated with BMI, FM, waist circumference, and triglyceride and insulin concentrations, and inversely correlated with age and highdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol. After multivariate analyses, WBC count maintained a significant association with age, systolic blood pressure, and HOMA IR in FH ϩ subjects and with age, BMI, FM, and triglycerides in FH Ϫ individuals. Discussion: This study indicates that WBC count is increased in adult women with genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes, and its main correlates are insulin resistance in FH ϩ and adiposity in FH Ϫ individuals.

Research paper thumbnail of Human fat cell beta-adrenergic receptors: beta-agonist-dependent lipolytic responses and characterization of beta-adrenergic binding sites on human fat cell membranes with highly selective beta, -antagonists

Beta-adrenergic receptors were characterized in human fat cell membranes using 1251-labeled cyano... more Beta-adrenergic receptors were characterized in human fat cell membranes using 1251-labeled cyanopindolol ('251-labeled CUP) and highly selective beta 1-antagonists. The iodinated radioligand bound saturably and specifically to a single class of high affinity binding sites. The number of binding sites determined with 'Z51-labeled CYP closely agreed with that determined with two other tritiated radioligands: [3H]dihydroalprenolo1 and [3H]CGP-12,177. Since 12SI-labeled CYP does not discriminate between beta 1and beta 2-adrenoceptors, the densities of the two receptor subtypes were determined from the competition curves of 1251-labeled CYP by highly selective beta 1-antagonists (bisoprolol,406,712A,545). Moreover, in order to enable correlation with binding data, the regulation of adenylate cyclase activity and of lipolysis was tested with various beta-agonist and antagonist compounds. The results obtained on fat cell membranes from abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue demonstrated the following. I) Iz5I-

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of shift work on body mass index: results of a study performed in 319 glucose-tolerant men working in a Southern Italian industry

International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2003

To examine the influence of shift work on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in subjects w... more To examine the influence of shift work on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in subjects working in an industry sited in Apulia, Southern Italy. Cross-sectional study of metabolic effects of shift work in glucose tolerant workers in a chemical industry in southern Italy. The subjects included 319 glucose tolerant male individuals, aged 35-60 y. Anthropometric parameters (body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)), fasting concentrations of glucose, insulin, and lipids (total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides), the sum of glucose levels during 75 g-oral glucose tolerance test (Sigma-OGTT), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively). The prevalence of obesity was higher among shift workers compared to day workers, whereas body fat distribution was not different between the two groups. Shift workers had higher BMI than day workers, and shift working was associated with BMI, independently of age and work duration. Shift workers had si...

Research paper thumbnail of Free testosterone plasma levels are negatively associated with the intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery in overweight and obese glucose-tolerant young adult men

International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2003

To evaluate the relation between free testosterone (FT) levels and the intima-media thickness of ... more To evaluate the relation between free testosterone (FT) levels and the intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery (IMT-CCA) in overweight and obese glucose-tolerant (NGT) young adult men. Cross-sectional study of FT and IMT-CCA in obese men. A total of 127 overweight and obese NGT male individuals, aged 18-45 y. FT plasma levels; IMT-CCA, as measured by high-resolution B-mode ultrasound imaging; central fat accumulation, as evaluated by waist circumference; body composition, as measured by bioimpedance analysis; insulin resistance, as calculated by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA(IR)); systolic and diastolic blood pressure; and fasting concentrations of glucose, insulin, and lipids. IMT-CCA was positively correlated with age, body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), waist circumference, and fasting glucose concentrations, and inversely associated with FT levels. After multivariate analysis, IMT-CCA maintained an independent association with BMI, FM, and FT levels. This stud...

Research paper thumbnail of Morphological and functional vascular changes induced by childhood obesity

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 2011

To investigate endothelial dysfunction and morphological vascular changes in childhood obesity. 9... more To investigate endothelial dysfunction and morphological vascular changes in childhood obesity. 93 overweight/obese children (body mass index 26 ± 5 kg/m(2); median 26 kg/m(2); interquartile range 22-28 kg/m(2)), mean age 10.9 ± 2.7 years, underwent a check-up of total, high-density lipoprotein- and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and white blood cell count, together with ultrasound measures of flow-mediated dilatation, carotid intima-media thickness, and anterior-posterior diameter of the abdominal aorta. The body mass index of overweight/obese children had a statistically significant linear relationship (p < 0.05) with triglycerides, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, carotid intima-media thickness, anterior-posterior diameter of the abdominal aorta, and flow-mediated dilatation values. Overweight/obese children have an initial endothelial dysfunction and vascular damage, i.e., the first stage in the development of atherosclerosis.

Research paper thumbnail of Lower insulin sensitivity as an independent risk factor for carotid wall thickening in normotensive, non-diabetic, non-smoking normal weight and obese premenopausal women

International Journal of Obesity, 2000

OBJECTIVE: Increased thickness of the intima ± media complex of the common carotid artery (IMT-CC... more OBJECTIVE: Increased thickness of the intima ± media complex of the common carotid artery (IMT-CCA) is an early marker of atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between insulin resistance and IMT-CCA in premenopausal women. SUBJECTS: 86 young women, aged 18 ± 31 y, were recruited for the study: 28 were normal weight (BMI`25 kgam 2 ), 23 were overweight (BMI 25 ± 30 kgam 2 ) and 35 were obese (BMI b 30 kgam 2 ). MEASUREMENTS: The IMT-CCA was measured by high resolution`B-mode' ultrasonography; insulin sensitivity was determined by insulin tolerance test (ITT) and quantitated by calculation of K ITT. Fasting plasma glucose and lipids (triglycerides, total and HDL-cholesterol) were also measured by enzymatic methods. Central fat accumulation was evaluated by measuring waist circumference (WC). RESULTS: IMT-CCA showed an inverse association with K ITT (P`0.05). When the IMT-CCA was considered as the dependent variable in a forward stepwise multiple regression analysis, it maintained an independent association with K ITT (P`0.05), after adjusting data for age, BMI, WC, mean blood pressure levels and plasma glucose and lipids. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that IMT-CCA is signi®cantly associated with insulin resistance, independent of other well-known CVD risk factors. Since the IMT-CCA is an earlier asymptomatic sign of atherosclerosis, this study indicates that insulin resistance per se may accelerate atherogenesis.

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of a family history of type II diabetes on fasting leptin and adiponectin plasma levels

Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2008

Background and aims Family history of type II diabetes appears to increase the risk of type II di... more Background and aims Family history of type II diabetes appears to increase the risk of type II diabetes and of coronary heart disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a first-degree family history of type II diabetes on fasting plasma concentrations of leptin and adiponectin in an outpatient clinical setting.

Research paper thumbnail of C-reactive protein is independently associated with total body fat, central fat, and insulin resistance in adult women

International Journal of Obesity, 2001

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations are influenced by body ... more OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations are influenced by body composition, insulin resistance, and body fat distribution in healthy women.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of CRP plasma levels in adult women.SUBJECTS: A total of 201 apparently healthy normal weight, overweight, and obese women, aged 18–60 y.MEASUREMENTS: CRP plasma levels, several fatness and body fat distribution parameters (by bioimpedance analysis and

Research paper thumbnail of Sleep-related breathing disorders, loud snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness in obese subjects

International Journal of Obesity, 2001

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of sleep breathing disorders, loud snoring and excessive... more OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of sleep breathing disorders, loud snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness in a group of obese subjects, and to identify the predictors of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity in these patients.SUBJECTS: A total of 161 consecutive obese patients (body mass index (BMI)≥30.0 kg/m2), ranging between 30.0 and 67.3, represented by 57 men and 104 women, aged

Research paper thumbnail of Predictive value of ovarian stroma measurement for cardiovascular risk in polycyctic ovary syndrome: a case control study

Journal of Ovarian Research, 2010

Background: To verify the feasibility of ovarian stromal evaluation and correlate ovarian paramet... more Background: To verify the feasibility of ovarian stromal evaluation and correlate ovarian parameteres (echogenicity and volume) with hyperandrogenism, and both cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in PCOS.

Research paper thumbnail of Plasma leptin is independently associated with the intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery

International Journal of Obesity, 2001

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery (CCA)... more OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery (CCA), an early marker of asymptomatic atherosclerosis, is signi®cantly and independently associated with plasma concentrations of leptin, an adipose tissue hormone that has recently been proposed as a cardiovascular risk factor in obese patients. DESIGN: Cross-sectional sample of normal-weight and obese men and women. SUBJECTS: One-hundred and twenty healthy subjects (52 men and 68 women), aged 18 ± 45 y and with a wide range of BMI, were recruited for the study. MEASUREMENTS: Fasting plasma leptin concentrations and the IMT of the CCA were measured in all subjects. Leptin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay and the IMT of the CCA was quanti®ed by high resolution B-mode ultrasound imaging. Central fat (measured by waist circumference), smoking habits, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity (measured by the insulin tolerance test), and fasting plasma glucose, insulin and lipid pattern (cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol) were also measured. RESULTS: IMT of the CCA was positively correlated with log leptin concentrations (P`0.005 in men and P`0.001 in women), body mass index (P`0.001 in men and women), waist circumference (P`0.001 in men and women), age (P`0.001 in men and P`0.05 in women), and negatively associated with insulin sensitivity in both sexes (P`0.05). IMT was also directly correlated with cholesterol (P`0.05), LDL-cholesterol (P`0.01) and systolic blood pressure in men (P`0.05), and with diastolic blood pressure levels in women (P`0.05). When a multiple linear regression model was used without body mass index (BMI), the correlation between leptin and IMT was maintained in both men (P`0.01) and women (P`0.005), independent of age, insulin sensitivity, smoking habits, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol. By contrast, BMI-adjusted leptin concentrations were not signi®cantly associated with IMT (Pc (partial correlation): 0.41 in men and 0.15 in women). Moreover, when BMI was entered into a multiple linear regression model without leptin, the correlation between BMI and IMT was maintained in both men (P`0.005) and women (P`0.01), independent of the same parameters. CONCLUSION: Plasma leptin concentrations are independently associated with the IMT of the CCA, suggesting that the increase of adipose tissue mass (or leptin per se) may have an unfavourable in¯uence on the development of atherosclerosis. However, the association between IMT and leptin seems to be dependent andaor confounded by the relationship between IMT and obesity.

Research paper thumbnail of Increase in both pro-thrombotic and anti-thrombotic factors in obese premenopausal women: relationship with body fat distribution

International Journal of Obesity, 1997

Research paper thumbnail of The need for vernalization in Eustoma russellianum

Scientia Horticulturae, 1992

Pergola, G., 1992. The need for vernalization in Eustoma russellianum. Scientia Hortic., 51:123-127.

Research paper thumbnail of Parathyroid Hormone Determination in Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspirates Allows the Differentiation between Thyroid and Parathyroid Lesions: Our Experience and Review of the Literature

Endocrine‚ Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets, 2014

In many cases, it is difficult or even impossible to distinguish parathyroid lesions from thyroid... more In many cases, it is difficult or even impossible to distinguish parathyroid lesions from thyroid ones at ultrasound as well as at scintiscan and even at cytology, because they often share common features. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) determination in the aspirates in the differential diagnosis of parathyroid from thyroid lesions in an area of mild iodine deficiency and high prevalence of thyroid nodules. Forty-six consecutive patients were suspected to have one or more nodule(s) of parathyroid origin because of their position in the posterior aspect of thyroid lobes and/or their shape and echo-pattern at ultrasound examination. In 13 cases, there were also laboratory findings suggestive for primary hyperparathyroidism, with clinical evidence in 6 of these patients. A total of 55 lesions suspected to be of parathyroid origin were selected. After obtaining cytological preparations, the needle used to perform the fine-needle aspirate (FNA) was washed using 1 ml of normal saline. Intact PTH determination in the washout was done whereas the evaluation was performed directly in the aspirated fluid in case of cystic lesions. The values of PTH in the aspirates ranged from 6.7 to 16640 pg/ml. Sixteen patients underwent surgical intervention and the histological examination of the 23 operated lesions previously submitted to FNA-PTH showed 11 parathyroid adenomas, 5 hyperplasic parathyroid lesions and 7 benign thyroid nodules. A strong positive correlation between high levels of PTH in the aspirate and the histological findings of parathyroid lesions was found. A value over 245 pg/ml was constantly associated to the parathyroid lesions. Our results confirmed the high accuracy of FNA-PTH determination in differentiating parathyroid lesions from thyroid nodules and this is of special value in an area of mild iodine deficiency with a high prevalence of thyroid nodules.

Research paper thumbnail of Ectopic Thyroid Gland: Description of a Case and Review of the Literature

Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets, 2013

The clinical occurrence of ectopic thyroid gland is an infrequently encountered condition, result... more The clinical occurrence of ectopic thyroid gland is an infrequently encountered condition, resulting from a developmental abnormality during the migration of the thyroid anlage from the floor of the primitive foregut to its final position in the neck. It can be found along the way of thyroid descent, in the midline, or laterally in the neck or even in the mediastinum or under the diaphragm. This condition is often asymptomatic, whereas symptoms could be related to ectopic thyroid size, to its relationships with surrounding organs or to diseases affecting the ectopic thyroid in the same way they involve orthotopic glands. Sometimes, a growing mass can lead to the clinical suspicion of a tumor disease. On the other hand, thyroid ectopy must be distinguished from metastasis of thyroid cancer. Scintigraphy and ultrasonography are the main diagnostic means for evaluating ectopic thyroid tissue, whereas fine needle aspiration could be useful in the presence of a nodular ectopic gland or when the coexistence of an orthotopic thyroid can arise the suspicion of a metastasis from a thyroid cancer. Surgical removal is indicated in symptomatic cases, whereas radioiodine ablation is reserved to recurrent disease. In this paper we report an emblematic case of ectopic thyroid gland and a review of the literature dealing with this condition.

Research paper thumbnail of High prevalence of previously unknown subclinical hypothyroidism in obese patients referred to a sleep clinic for sleep disordered breathing

Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 2004

Background and Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of previously unknown hypothyroidism in adult male... more Background and Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of previously unknown hypothyroidism in adult male and female patients with a wide range of body mass index (BMI) values, referred to a Sleep Clinic because of sleep disordered breathing (SDB).

Research paper thumbnail of Relationship between C3 Levels and Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Overweight and Obese Patients

Obesity Facts, 2011

The study aim was to compare C3 levels with the common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA... more The study aim was to compare C3 levels with the common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCAIMT) in subjects of both genders, with a wide range of BMI, independently of age, gender, and abdominal obesity. 140 euthyroid, mainly overweight/obese subjects (age 18-30 years) were examined. BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting insulin, glucose, lipids, C3 and C-reactive protein serum concentrations, and insulin resistance degree (estimated by homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMAIR)) were measured. CCA-IMT was positively (p < 0.001) correlated with BMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, HOMAIR, and insulin, CRP, and C3 serum levels. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that only male gender and waist circumference maintained an independent relation with the CCA-IMT. This study suggests that central fat accumulation and male gender independently increase the thickness of the arterial wall, whereas inflammation and inflammatory markers do not have an independent effect on this parameter.

Research paper thumbnail of Inhibitory Effect of Obesity on Gonadotropin, Estradiol, and Inhibin B Levels in Fertile Women*

Obesity, 2006

DE PERGOLA, GIOVANNI, SIMONA MALDERA, MASSIMO TARTAGNI, NICOLA PANNACCIULLI, GIUSEPPE LOVERRO, AN... more DE PERGOLA, GIOVANNI, SIMONA MALDERA, MASSIMO TARTAGNI, NICOLA PANNACCIULLI, GIUSEPPE LOVERRO, AND RICCARDO GIORGINO. Inhibitory effect of obesity on gonadotropin, estradiol, and inhibin B levels in fertile women. Obesity. 2006;14: 1954 -1960. Objective: To examine whether obesity and insulin resistance have an independent effect on the gonadotropin, estradiol, and inhibin B serum levels and follicle count in the early follicular phase of fertile women with a wide range of BMI and without signs of hyperandrogenism.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Glucose Tolerance Status on PAI-1 Plasma Levels in Overweight and Obese Subjects

Obesity, 2002

PANNACCIULLI, NICOLA, VITO DE MITRIO, RENATO MARINO, RICCARDO GIORGINO, AND GIOVANNI DE PERGOLA. ... more PANNACCIULLI, NICOLA, VITO DE MITRIO, RENATO MARINO, RICCARDO GIORGINO, AND GIOVANNI DE PERGOLA. Effect of glucose tolerance status on PAI-1 plasma levels in overweight and obese subjects. Obes Res. 2002;10:717-725.

Research paper thumbnail of Association between Low-Molecular Weight Apolipoprotein(a) Isoforms and Obesity in Italian Women**

Obesity, 2004

DEROSA, GIUSEPPE, ROBERTO FOGARI, MARIO NELLO PICCINNI, EMMANOUIL PEROS, GIANANDREA BERTONE, LEON... more DEROSA, GIUSEPPE, ROBERTO FOGARI, MARIO NELLO PICCINNI, EMMANOUIL PEROS, GIANANDREA BERTONE, LEONARDINA CICCARELLI, CARMINE TINELLI, DIEGO GEROLDI, NICOLA PANNACCIULLI, AND GIOVANNI DE PERGOLA. Association between low-molecular weight apolipoprotein(a) isoforms and obesity in Italian women. Obes Res. 2004;12:1322-1326.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Family History of Type 2 Diabetes on White Blood Cell Count in Adult Women

Obesity, 2003

PANNACCIULLI, NICOLA, FRANCESCO GIORGINO, RAFFAELE A. MARTINA, ONOFRIO RESTA, RICCARDO GIORGINO, ... more PANNACCIULLI, NICOLA, FRANCESCO GIORGINO, RAFFAELE A. MARTINA, ONOFRIO RESTA, RICCARDO GIORGINO, AND GIOVANNI DE PERGOLA. Effect of family history of type 2 diabetes on white blood cell count in adult women. Obes Res. 2003;11: 1232-1237. Objective: To evaluate the effect of a first-degree family history of type 2 diabetes on white blood cell (WBC) count, a risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular disease, in glucosetolerant adult women Research Methods and Procedures: WBC count was measured in 174 normal weight, overweight, and obese female offspring of type 2 diabetic patients (FH ϩ ) and 174 age-and BMI-matched female controls with no family history of type 2 diabetes (FH Ϫ ). Other measurements included fat mass (FM), measured by body impedance analysis; central fat accumulation, evaluated by waist circumference; insulin resistance, estimated by homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA IR ); systolic and diastolic blood pressure; and fasting concentrations of glucose, insulin, and lipids. Results: WBC count, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and fasting levels of glucose, insulin, and triglycerides were significantly higher in FH ϩ than in FH Ϫ subjects. In FH ϩ individuals, WBC count was positively associated with BMI, FM, waist circumference, HOMA IR , and triglyceride and insulin concentrations, and negatively correlated with age and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. In FH Ϫ subjects, WBC count was directly associated with BMI, FM, waist circumference, and triglyceride and insulin concentrations, and inversely correlated with age and highdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol. After multivariate analyses, WBC count maintained a significant association with age, systolic blood pressure, and HOMA IR in FH ϩ subjects and with age, BMI, FM, and triglycerides in FH Ϫ individuals. Discussion: This study indicates that WBC count is increased in adult women with genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes, and its main correlates are insulin resistance in FH ϩ and adiposity in FH Ϫ individuals.