Girma Kebede - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Girma Kebede

Austin journal of veterinary science & animal husbandry, Feb 9, 2023

2 Abstract: A cross-sectional study was conducted in selected areas of Bako Tibe and Gobu Seyo di... more 2 Abstract: A cross-sectional study was conducted in selected areas of Bako Tibe and Gobu Seyo districts, Western Ethiopia from October 2013 to April 2014 with the aim of determining the prevalence rate of the bovine trypanosomosis, the species of trypanosomes affecting bovine in the study area and the mean PCV values in anaemic and non- anaemic animals in both districts. Blood samples collected from 384 randomly selected cattle of different age groups and both sexes were screened for Trypanosomosis using the buffy coat method. The PCV value of each animal was also measured using haematocrit reader. Three species of Trypanosomes were identified and T. congolense (58.3%) was the predominant species in the area followed by T. vivax (37.5%) and T. brucei (4.2%) and the overall prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in the study area was 6.25% which is not very high. Statistically significant difference was observed in the prevalence of trypanososmosis between districts, age, breeds and am...

Goats are important component of livestock industry having adaptability to harsh climates which m... more Goats are important component of livestock industry having adaptability to harsh climates which make them suitable for landless and marginal farmers. The contribution of goats in supplying milk and milk products is high and it has significant role in rural economy and health. Goat rank third in terms of global milk production from different species. Goat milk contains higher amount of calcium, magnesium and phosphors than cow and human milk. Medium chain triglycerides (MCT) and proteins which are more in goat milk have been recognized as unique lipid and protein with unique health benefits. The soft curd of goat milk may be an advantage for adult humans suffering from gastrointestinal disturbances and ulcers. Goat milk is important for prevention of cardiovascular disease, cancer, allergy and microorganism and used for stimulation of immunity. Goat milk is recommended for infants, old and convalescent people. The consumer acceptance of goat milk and its products is reported to be ex...

Food irradiation is a process of exposing food to ionizing radiation for the purpose of food safe... more Food irradiation is a process of exposing food to ionizing radiation for the purpose of food safety and preservation. Ionizing radiation has advantages and disadvantages from some advantages point of view it use to destroy harmful biological microorganisms in food, to extend shelf life of food and to facilitates trade (food) exportation(i.e. it prevent trade barrier).The disadvantages of food irradiation is, it requires so expensive and sophisticated material(machine), negative perception of the consumer about irradiated food, this is because of lack of knowledge and awareness, people think that as if irradiated food becomes radio actives, but food irradiation is recognized by FAO/WHO label by radura, international symbol for irradiated food. So irradiated food is not radioactive because no contact between food and radiation sources, but it has an effect on public health when the processor's not follow the appropriate procedure(eg. over dosage of the radiation). There for the pr...

s: Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent professional antigen presenting cells and they arise... more s: Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent professional antigen presenting cells and they arise from both the myeloid and lymphoid lineages. The review is made to overview the role of dendritic cells in controlling immunity. Dendritic cells in the periphery capture and process antigens, express lymphocyte co-stimulatory molecules, migrate to lymphoid organs and secrete cytokines to initiate immune responses. They not only activate lymphocytes, they also tolerate T cells to antigens that are innate to the body (self-antigens), thereby minimizing autoimmune reactions. Tissue dendritic cells phenotypes that do have a function in primary defense will be activated to mature after encountering and ingesting of antigens. Up on activation they express major histocompatebility complex and co-stimulatory molecules, secrete different cytokines and migrate to the secondary lymphoid organ for initiation of adaptive immune response. The dendritic cells play a central role in control and regulat...

Pneumonic pasteurellosis is a common disease of respiratory system of cattle as a result of infla... more Pneumonic pasteurellosis is a common disease of respiratory system of cattle as a result of inflammation of pulmonary parenchyma which is usually accompanied by inflammation of bronchioles and often by pleurisy. This review was made to overviews pneumonic pasteurellosis which is caused by a gram-negative baceria pathogen is called M. haemolytica (P.haemolytica biotype A) serotype 1. The disease occurs most commonly in young growing cattle. Stress is an intrinsic condition that was consistently reported to increase the susceptibility to various types of infectious disease. Pasteurellosis occurs worldwide but it is a particular problem in the tropics especially the hot, humid tropics where environmental stress is an important trigger mechanism of the disease complex. The global economic impact of the disease is very well recognized and more than one billion dollars are annually cost in beef cattle industry. A microbiology culture from the lower respiratory tract by tracheal swabs is t...

The aim of this study was to identify and determine the major diseases and pathological condition... more The aim of this study was to identify and determine the major diseases and pathological conditions of organ condemnation and to estimate the magnitude of the direct financial losses attributed to the condemned organs from cattle slaughtered in the Dire Dawa municipal abattoir. A cross-sectional abattoir survey type of study design was employed. Standard postmortem inspection procedures were followed on all cattle approved for slaughter throughout the study period. Postmortem examination was conducted on liver, lungs, heart and kidneys of all cattle slaughtered during the study period. An attempt was also made to estimate the direct financial losses due to condemnation of edible organs during meat inspection. A total of 6441 cattle were slaughtered at the Dire Dawa abattoir in the period of five months from November 2014 to March 2015. Out of examined organs, a total of 1116 (17.3%) organs were condemned. The most condemned organ was liver (73.75%) followed by lungs (14.34%), heart (...

A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2014 to April 2015 in Shashemene and Kofale, W... more A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2014 to April 2015 in Shashemene and Kofale, West Arsi zone of Oromia regional state with the objectives of determination of the prevalence of bovine mastitis, isolate the predominant bacterial agents involved in causing mastitis and identify associated risk factors. A total of 358 lactating cows (169 local and 189 cross) were examined for mastitis using clinical examination and California mastitis test (CMT). An overall prevalence of mastitis was recorded in the area 38% (136/358), of which 7.3% (26/358) were clinical and 30.7% (110/358) subclinical cases. Total animal examined in Shashamane was 165, out of these 35.8% (59/165) animals were positive for mastitis, from these animals, 8.5% (14/165) clinical and 27.3% (45/165) subclinical mastitis while 193 animals were examined from Kofale, out of these 39.9%(77/193) animals were positive for mastitis, from these animals, 6.2% (12/193) clinical and 33.7%(65/193) subclinical mastitis....

The gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep are one of the important parasitic diseases that obviousl... more The gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep are one of the important parasitic diseases that obviously result in reduced productivity of sheep. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2014 to April 2015 in Gursum Woreda, eastern Hararge, Ethiopia with the objective of determining the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected sheep and associated risk factors. A total of 384 faecal samples were examined using flotation technique. Out of the total sampled sheep, 248 (64.6 %) had a gastrointestinal nematode infection. Coprological investigation revealed that sheep in the district were infested by a variety of helminth nematodes. Strongyles were the most frequently (52.3%) recovered nematode eggs followed by Strongyloides (6.8%) and Trichuris species (1.8%). The eggs per gram (EPG) count was determined using McMaster technique showed that 95(38.3%) of the sheep were lightly infested, 88(35.5%) moderately infested and 65(26.2%) heavily infested....

Antimicrobial are used for veterinary purposes almost as soon as they had been developed for huma... more Antimicrobial are used for veterinary purposes almost as soon as they had been developed for human medicine. They are added to feed for growth promotion purposes, used for treatment of infections and are important during the development of intensive methods of animal husbandry (Dairy farms), as a result there are major hazards that could be posed by antibiotic residues in foods like raw bulk milk (such as allergic reactions, toxicity, carcinogenic effects, selection of resistant bacteria, disruption of human normal flora, provoke immunological response and inhibition of the starter culture). The risk of residue from the milk is higher in developing countries compared to developed one. This might be related with lack of facilities for detection and regulatory bodies that control the drug residues level in foods in the form of maximum residue limits (MRLs). Therefore, to prevent/minimize the risk of antimicrobial residue in milk, different methods of detection of residue to the standard limits level in bulk milk even in other food items is possible by chemical methods, microbiological methods and immunological assays. Even though, the sensitivity and specificity of these methods are different, they can provide either qualitative or quantitative data on antimicrobial (antibiotic) residue in milk. Generally Antimicrobial/antibiotics residue which is beyond the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) can cause adverse effect on public health, dairy industry and Environment. The regulatory bodies should be formed and control the antimicrobial residue level in bulk milk before consumption (screening and quantitative evaluation of the level of antibiotic residue in milk). Sampling and testing protocols should be designed and properly applied.

Austin journal of veterinary science & animal husbandry, Feb 9, 2023

2 Abstract: A cross-sectional study was conducted in selected areas of Bako Tibe and Gobu Seyo di... more 2 Abstract: A cross-sectional study was conducted in selected areas of Bako Tibe and Gobu Seyo districts, Western Ethiopia from October 2013 to April 2014 with the aim of determining the prevalence rate of the bovine trypanosomosis, the species of trypanosomes affecting bovine in the study area and the mean PCV values in anaemic and non- anaemic animals in both districts. Blood samples collected from 384 randomly selected cattle of different age groups and both sexes were screened for Trypanosomosis using the buffy coat method. The PCV value of each animal was also measured using haematocrit reader. Three species of Trypanosomes were identified and T. congolense (58.3%) was the predominant species in the area followed by T. vivax (37.5%) and T. brucei (4.2%) and the overall prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in the study area was 6.25% which is not very high. Statistically significant difference was observed in the prevalence of trypanososmosis between districts, age, breeds and am...

Goats are important component of livestock industry having adaptability to harsh climates which m... more Goats are important component of livestock industry having adaptability to harsh climates which make them suitable for landless and marginal farmers. The contribution of goats in supplying milk and milk products is high and it has significant role in rural economy and health. Goat rank third in terms of global milk production from different species. Goat milk contains higher amount of calcium, magnesium and phosphors than cow and human milk. Medium chain triglycerides (MCT) and proteins which are more in goat milk have been recognized as unique lipid and protein with unique health benefits. The soft curd of goat milk may be an advantage for adult humans suffering from gastrointestinal disturbances and ulcers. Goat milk is important for prevention of cardiovascular disease, cancer, allergy and microorganism and used for stimulation of immunity. Goat milk is recommended for infants, old and convalescent people. The consumer acceptance of goat milk and its products is reported to be ex...

Food irradiation is a process of exposing food to ionizing radiation for the purpose of food safe... more Food irradiation is a process of exposing food to ionizing radiation for the purpose of food safety and preservation. Ionizing radiation has advantages and disadvantages from some advantages point of view it use to destroy harmful biological microorganisms in food, to extend shelf life of food and to facilitates trade (food) exportation(i.e. it prevent trade barrier).The disadvantages of food irradiation is, it requires so expensive and sophisticated material(machine), negative perception of the consumer about irradiated food, this is because of lack of knowledge and awareness, people think that as if irradiated food becomes radio actives, but food irradiation is recognized by FAO/WHO label by radura, international symbol for irradiated food. So irradiated food is not radioactive because no contact between food and radiation sources, but it has an effect on public health when the processor's not follow the appropriate procedure(eg. over dosage of the radiation). There for the pr...

s: Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent professional antigen presenting cells and they arise... more s: Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent professional antigen presenting cells and they arise from both the myeloid and lymphoid lineages. The review is made to overview the role of dendritic cells in controlling immunity. Dendritic cells in the periphery capture and process antigens, express lymphocyte co-stimulatory molecules, migrate to lymphoid organs and secrete cytokines to initiate immune responses. They not only activate lymphocytes, they also tolerate T cells to antigens that are innate to the body (self-antigens), thereby minimizing autoimmune reactions. Tissue dendritic cells phenotypes that do have a function in primary defense will be activated to mature after encountering and ingesting of antigens. Up on activation they express major histocompatebility complex and co-stimulatory molecules, secrete different cytokines and migrate to the secondary lymphoid organ for initiation of adaptive immune response. The dendritic cells play a central role in control and regulat...

Pneumonic pasteurellosis is a common disease of respiratory system of cattle as a result of infla... more Pneumonic pasteurellosis is a common disease of respiratory system of cattle as a result of inflammation of pulmonary parenchyma which is usually accompanied by inflammation of bronchioles and often by pleurisy. This review was made to overviews pneumonic pasteurellosis which is caused by a gram-negative baceria pathogen is called M. haemolytica (P.haemolytica biotype A) serotype 1. The disease occurs most commonly in young growing cattle. Stress is an intrinsic condition that was consistently reported to increase the susceptibility to various types of infectious disease. Pasteurellosis occurs worldwide but it is a particular problem in the tropics especially the hot, humid tropics where environmental stress is an important trigger mechanism of the disease complex. The global economic impact of the disease is very well recognized and more than one billion dollars are annually cost in beef cattle industry. A microbiology culture from the lower respiratory tract by tracheal swabs is t...

The aim of this study was to identify and determine the major diseases and pathological condition... more The aim of this study was to identify and determine the major diseases and pathological conditions of organ condemnation and to estimate the magnitude of the direct financial losses attributed to the condemned organs from cattle slaughtered in the Dire Dawa municipal abattoir. A cross-sectional abattoir survey type of study design was employed. Standard postmortem inspection procedures were followed on all cattle approved for slaughter throughout the study period. Postmortem examination was conducted on liver, lungs, heart and kidneys of all cattle slaughtered during the study period. An attempt was also made to estimate the direct financial losses due to condemnation of edible organs during meat inspection. A total of 6441 cattle were slaughtered at the Dire Dawa abattoir in the period of five months from November 2014 to March 2015. Out of examined organs, a total of 1116 (17.3%) organs were condemned. The most condemned organ was liver (73.75%) followed by lungs (14.34%), heart (...

A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2014 to April 2015 in Shashemene and Kofale, W... more A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2014 to April 2015 in Shashemene and Kofale, West Arsi zone of Oromia regional state with the objectives of determination of the prevalence of bovine mastitis, isolate the predominant bacterial agents involved in causing mastitis and identify associated risk factors. A total of 358 lactating cows (169 local and 189 cross) were examined for mastitis using clinical examination and California mastitis test (CMT). An overall prevalence of mastitis was recorded in the area 38% (136/358), of which 7.3% (26/358) were clinical and 30.7% (110/358) subclinical cases. Total animal examined in Shashamane was 165, out of these 35.8% (59/165) animals were positive for mastitis, from these animals, 8.5% (14/165) clinical and 27.3% (45/165) subclinical mastitis while 193 animals were examined from Kofale, out of these 39.9%(77/193) animals were positive for mastitis, from these animals, 6.2% (12/193) clinical and 33.7%(65/193) subclinical mastitis....

The gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep are one of the important parasitic diseases that obviousl... more The gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep are one of the important parasitic diseases that obviously result in reduced productivity of sheep. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2014 to April 2015 in Gursum Woreda, eastern Hararge, Ethiopia with the objective of determining the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected sheep and associated risk factors. A total of 384 faecal samples were examined using flotation technique. Out of the total sampled sheep, 248 (64.6 %) had a gastrointestinal nematode infection. Coprological investigation revealed that sheep in the district were infested by a variety of helminth nematodes. Strongyles were the most frequently (52.3%) recovered nematode eggs followed by Strongyloides (6.8%) and Trichuris species (1.8%). The eggs per gram (EPG) count was determined using McMaster technique showed that 95(38.3%) of the sheep were lightly infested, 88(35.5%) moderately infested and 65(26.2%) heavily infested....

Antimicrobial are used for veterinary purposes almost as soon as they had been developed for huma... more Antimicrobial are used for veterinary purposes almost as soon as they had been developed for human medicine. They are added to feed for growth promotion purposes, used for treatment of infections and are important during the development of intensive methods of animal husbandry (Dairy farms), as a result there are major hazards that could be posed by antibiotic residues in foods like raw bulk milk (such as allergic reactions, toxicity, carcinogenic effects, selection of resistant bacteria, disruption of human normal flora, provoke immunological response and inhibition of the starter culture). The risk of residue from the milk is higher in developing countries compared to developed one. This might be related with lack of facilities for detection and regulatory bodies that control the drug residues level in foods in the form of maximum residue limits (MRLs). Therefore, to prevent/minimize the risk of antimicrobial residue in milk, different methods of detection of residue to the standard limits level in bulk milk even in other food items is possible by chemical methods, microbiological methods and immunological assays. Even though, the sensitivity and specificity of these methods are different, they can provide either qualitative or quantitative data on antimicrobial (antibiotic) residue in milk. Generally Antimicrobial/antibiotics residue which is beyond the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) can cause adverse effect on public health, dairy industry and Environment. The regulatory bodies should be formed and control the antimicrobial residue level in bulk milk before consumption (screening and quantitative evaluation of the level of antibiotic residue in milk). Sampling and testing protocols should be designed and properly applied.