Giulia Festa - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Giulia Festa
Journal of Imaging
Recently, learning algorithms such as Convolutional Neural Networks have been successfully applie... more Recently, learning algorithms such as Convolutional Neural Networks have been successfully applied in different stages of data processing from the acquisition to the data analysis in the imaging context. The aim of these algorithms is the dimensionality of data reduction and the computational effort, to find benchmarks and extract features, to improve the resolution, and reproducibility performances of the imaging data. Currently, no Neutron Imaging combined with learning algorithms was applied on cultural heritage domain, but future applications could help to solve challenges of this research field. Here, a review of pioneering works to exploit the use of Machine Learning and Deep Learning models applied to X-ray imaging and Neutron Imaging data processing is reported, spanning from biomedicine, microbiology, and materials science to give new perspectives on future cultural heritage applications.
The European Physical Journal Plus, 2021
Since 2018, a scientific research project, the “Lilybaeum Project”, is being carried out by a col... more Since 2018, a scientific research project, the “Lilybaeum Project”, is being carried out by a collaboration of physicists and archaeologists. The goal is to apply forefront analysis techniques to the investigation of archaeological artefacts, both in situ and in the laboratory. The first case study presented in this paper concerns the original investigation through X-ray computed tomography of a collection of objects from the Regional Archaeological Museum of Lilybaeum, in Marsala, Italy. In addition to a very significant collection of clay jars mostly from children’s graves of the ancient Lilybaeum necropolis, an unprecedented analysis of wooden planks belonging to the only existing wreck of a Punic Ship kept in the Museum is presented
Molecules, 2021
Spectral preprocessing data and chemometric tools are analytical methods widely applied in severa... more Spectral preprocessing data and chemometric tools are analytical methods widely applied in several scientific contexts i.e., in archaeometric applications. A systematic classification of natural powdered pigments of organic and inorganic nature through Principal Component Analysis with a multi-instruments spectroscopic study is presented here. The methodology allows the access to elementary and molecular unique benchmarks to guide and speed up the identification of an unknown pigment and its recipe. This study is conducted on a set of 48 powdered pigments and tested on a real-case sample from the wall painting in S. Maria Delle Palate di Tusa (Messina, Italy). Four spectroscopic techniques (X-ray Fluorescence, Raman, Attenuated Total Reflectance and Total Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopies) and six different spectrometers are tested to evaluate the impact of different setups. The novelty of the work is to use a systematic approach on this initial dataset using the entire spectrosco...
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2018
Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2017
This work presents the first neutron characterization of artefacts from the grave-goods of Kha an... more This work presents the first neutron characterization of artefacts from the grave-goods of Kha and Merit, a unique cultural treasure of mankind and preserved at the Museo Egizio in Turin.
Scientific Reports, 2016
A collection of more than 1800 carbonized papyri, discovered in the Roman ‘Villa dei Papiri’ at H... more A collection of more than 1800 carbonized papyri, discovered in the Roman ‘Villa dei Papiri’ at Herculaneum is the unique classical library survived from antiquity. These papyri were charred during 79 A.D. Vesuvius eruption, a circumstance which providentially preserved them until now. This magnificent collection contains an impressive amount of treatises by Greek philosophers and, especially, Philodemus of Gadara, an Epicurean thinker of 1st century BC. We read many portions of text hidden inside carbonized Herculaneum papyri using enhanced X-ray phase-contrast tomography non-destructive technique and a new set of numerical algorithms for ‘virtual-unrolling’. Our success lies in revealing the largest portion of Greek text ever detected so far inside unopened scrolls, with unprecedented spatial resolution and contrast, all without damaging these precious historical manuscripts. Parts of text have been decoded and the ‘voice’ of the Epicurean philosopher Philodemus is brought back ag...
Scientific Reports, 2022
The “Hypogeum of the Garlands” is a sepulchral site, recently found in Grottaferrata (Lazio, Ital... more The “Hypogeum of the Garlands” is a sepulchral site, recently found in Grottaferrata (Lazio, Italy), dating back to the first-second century AD. Two sarcophagi were discovered inside, hosting the human remains of Aebutia Quarta, a rich Roman woman, and her son Carvilius Gemellus. While the body of Carvilius is exceptionally well-preserved, following its embalming and perfect sealing of the sarcophagus, in the case of Aebutia only the bones were preserved because of the sarcophagus’s seal breaking down, although she was covered with perfectly preserved flower garlands. Embalming of the body was a rare ritual in the Imperial Roman times when corpses were more often cremated. The remains of Aebutia showed possible traces of heating. Burned bones from a third individual were discovered on the chamber’s floor and preliminary anthropological survey showed that this individual was a male of 40–50 years old. Here, a combination of spectroscopic techniques, including non-destructive inelasti...
Nanotechnologies and Nanomaterials for Diagnostic, Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage, 2019
Abstract Neutron techniques are successfully employed as investigation tools in the field of cult... more Abstract Neutron techniques are successfully employed as investigation tools in the field of cultural heritage. Thanks to their interaction processes with matter, neutrons are an effective noninvasive and nondestructive means for phase, internal morphology, elemental and isotopic characterization, and offer unique capabilities. Neutrons are a penetrating probe for bulk analysis of heavy elements such as metals, ceramics, and stones where object thickness can even be in the order of many centimeters. This chapter focuses on the application of neutron diffraction neutron activation analysis prompt gamma activation analysis, and neutron resonance capture analysis and their application in cultural heritage studies.
Neutron Methods for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, 2016
Trabajo presentado a la VII European Conference on Neutron Scattering (ECNS), celebrada en San Pe... more Trabajo presentado a la VII European Conference on Neutron Scattering (ECNS), celebrada en San Petersburgo (Rusia) del 30 de junio al 5 de julio de 2019.
Resumen del trabajo presentado en el 5th International Conference Archaeometallurgy in Europe, ce... more Resumen del trabajo presentado en el 5th International Conference Archaeometallurgy in Europe, celebrado en Miskolc (Hungria), del 19 al 21 de junio de 2019
Nature Reviews Physics, 2021
Molecules, 2021
The environmental weathering and the formation of efflorescences on the brick walls are studied a... more The environmental weathering and the formation of efflorescences on the brick walls are studied at the “Casa di Diana” Mithraeum at Ostia Antica archaeological site. Previous studies on subsoil, bedrock, hydrological systems and environmental conditions, and new ion chromatography analysis combined with ECOS-RUNSALT and Medusa-Hydra thermodynamic modelling software, had allowed us to identify the subsoil contamination related to soluble salts. The atmospheric acidic gases, CO2 and SO2, are determined as the main salt weathering species. A dry deposition after a subsequent hydration action from the shallow freshwater aquifer that reaches up to 1 m on the walls is identified as the mechanism of salt formation. An evaluation of potential sources such as the nearby Fiumicino airport, CO2-rich gases inputs from fumaroles and CO2 inputs was also debated. The risk level of contamination the surfaces of the materials should be considered mildly/very polluted with a medium/high risk of hygro...
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2020
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, May 1, 2018
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2020
Any system is described by several variables, often in the form of hidden information, able to de... more Any system is described by several variables, often in the form of hidden information, able to describe and explain functional mechanisms for the majority of the processes which can be evaluated analytically only when we consider entire complex datasets. The relationship between those variables is the key to identify and quantify correlations among the parameters describing the data in a strictly model-free manner. In chemometrics one uses mathematical and statistical methods to improve the understanding of chemical information through the correlation of physical parameters or properties to analytical instrument data. This approach is currently used across chemistry, materials science, biology, with a growing impact is the field of spectroscopy. This paper presents the ability of chemometric technique applied to Advanced Spectroscopic Analyses, examples include spectroscopic data collected from both the High- resolution neutron Spectrometer TOSCA, operating at the ISIS pulsed Neutro...
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2018
Journal of Imaging
Recently, learning algorithms such as Convolutional Neural Networks have been successfully applie... more Recently, learning algorithms such as Convolutional Neural Networks have been successfully applied in different stages of data processing from the acquisition to the data analysis in the imaging context. The aim of these algorithms is the dimensionality of data reduction and the computational effort, to find benchmarks and extract features, to improve the resolution, and reproducibility performances of the imaging data. Currently, no Neutron Imaging combined with learning algorithms was applied on cultural heritage domain, but future applications could help to solve challenges of this research field. Here, a review of pioneering works to exploit the use of Machine Learning and Deep Learning models applied to X-ray imaging and Neutron Imaging data processing is reported, spanning from biomedicine, microbiology, and materials science to give new perspectives on future cultural heritage applications.
The European Physical Journal Plus, 2021
Since 2018, a scientific research project, the “Lilybaeum Project”, is being carried out by a col... more Since 2018, a scientific research project, the “Lilybaeum Project”, is being carried out by a collaboration of physicists and archaeologists. The goal is to apply forefront analysis techniques to the investigation of archaeological artefacts, both in situ and in the laboratory. The first case study presented in this paper concerns the original investigation through X-ray computed tomography of a collection of objects from the Regional Archaeological Museum of Lilybaeum, in Marsala, Italy. In addition to a very significant collection of clay jars mostly from children’s graves of the ancient Lilybaeum necropolis, an unprecedented analysis of wooden planks belonging to the only existing wreck of a Punic Ship kept in the Museum is presented
Molecules, 2021
Spectral preprocessing data and chemometric tools are analytical methods widely applied in severa... more Spectral preprocessing data and chemometric tools are analytical methods widely applied in several scientific contexts i.e., in archaeometric applications. A systematic classification of natural powdered pigments of organic and inorganic nature through Principal Component Analysis with a multi-instruments spectroscopic study is presented here. The methodology allows the access to elementary and molecular unique benchmarks to guide and speed up the identification of an unknown pigment and its recipe. This study is conducted on a set of 48 powdered pigments and tested on a real-case sample from the wall painting in S. Maria Delle Palate di Tusa (Messina, Italy). Four spectroscopic techniques (X-ray Fluorescence, Raman, Attenuated Total Reflectance and Total Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopies) and six different spectrometers are tested to evaluate the impact of different setups. The novelty of the work is to use a systematic approach on this initial dataset using the entire spectrosco...
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2018
Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2017
This work presents the first neutron characterization of artefacts from the grave-goods of Kha an... more This work presents the first neutron characterization of artefacts from the grave-goods of Kha and Merit, a unique cultural treasure of mankind and preserved at the Museo Egizio in Turin.
Scientific Reports, 2016
A collection of more than 1800 carbonized papyri, discovered in the Roman ‘Villa dei Papiri’ at H... more A collection of more than 1800 carbonized papyri, discovered in the Roman ‘Villa dei Papiri’ at Herculaneum is the unique classical library survived from antiquity. These papyri were charred during 79 A.D. Vesuvius eruption, a circumstance which providentially preserved them until now. This magnificent collection contains an impressive amount of treatises by Greek philosophers and, especially, Philodemus of Gadara, an Epicurean thinker of 1st century BC. We read many portions of text hidden inside carbonized Herculaneum papyri using enhanced X-ray phase-contrast tomography non-destructive technique and a new set of numerical algorithms for ‘virtual-unrolling’. Our success lies in revealing the largest portion of Greek text ever detected so far inside unopened scrolls, with unprecedented spatial resolution and contrast, all without damaging these precious historical manuscripts. Parts of text have been decoded and the ‘voice’ of the Epicurean philosopher Philodemus is brought back ag...
Scientific Reports, 2022
The “Hypogeum of the Garlands” is a sepulchral site, recently found in Grottaferrata (Lazio, Ital... more The “Hypogeum of the Garlands” is a sepulchral site, recently found in Grottaferrata (Lazio, Italy), dating back to the first-second century AD. Two sarcophagi were discovered inside, hosting the human remains of Aebutia Quarta, a rich Roman woman, and her son Carvilius Gemellus. While the body of Carvilius is exceptionally well-preserved, following its embalming and perfect sealing of the sarcophagus, in the case of Aebutia only the bones were preserved because of the sarcophagus’s seal breaking down, although she was covered with perfectly preserved flower garlands. Embalming of the body was a rare ritual in the Imperial Roman times when corpses were more often cremated. The remains of Aebutia showed possible traces of heating. Burned bones from a third individual were discovered on the chamber’s floor and preliminary anthropological survey showed that this individual was a male of 40–50 years old. Here, a combination of spectroscopic techniques, including non-destructive inelasti...
Nanotechnologies and Nanomaterials for Diagnostic, Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage, 2019
Abstract Neutron techniques are successfully employed as investigation tools in the field of cult... more Abstract Neutron techniques are successfully employed as investigation tools in the field of cultural heritage. Thanks to their interaction processes with matter, neutrons are an effective noninvasive and nondestructive means for phase, internal morphology, elemental and isotopic characterization, and offer unique capabilities. Neutrons are a penetrating probe for bulk analysis of heavy elements such as metals, ceramics, and stones where object thickness can even be in the order of many centimeters. This chapter focuses on the application of neutron diffraction neutron activation analysis prompt gamma activation analysis, and neutron resonance capture analysis and their application in cultural heritage studies.
Neutron Methods for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, 2016
Trabajo presentado a la VII European Conference on Neutron Scattering (ECNS), celebrada en San Pe... more Trabajo presentado a la VII European Conference on Neutron Scattering (ECNS), celebrada en San Petersburgo (Rusia) del 30 de junio al 5 de julio de 2019.
Resumen del trabajo presentado en el 5th International Conference Archaeometallurgy in Europe, ce... more Resumen del trabajo presentado en el 5th International Conference Archaeometallurgy in Europe, celebrado en Miskolc (Hungria), del 19 al 21 de junio de 2019
Nature Reviews Physics, 2021
Molecules, 2021
The environmental weathering and the formation of efflorescences on the brick walls are studied a... more The environmental weathering and the formation of efflorescences on the brick walls are studied at the “Casa di Diana” Mithraeum at Ostia Antica archaeological site. Previous studies on subsoil, bedrock, hydrological systems and environmental conditions, and new ion chromatography analysis combined with ECOS-RUNSALT and Medusa-Hydra thermodynamic modelling software, had allowed us to identify the subsoil contamination related to soluble salts. The atmospheric acidic gases, CO2 and SO2, are determined as the main salt weathering species. A dry deposition after a subsequent hydration action from the shallow freshwater aquifer that reaches up to 1 m on the walls is identified as the mechanism of salt formation. An evaluation of potential sources such as the nearby Fiumicino airport, CO2-rich gases inputs from fumaroles and CO2 inputs was also debated. The risk level of contamination the surfaces of the materials should be considered mildly/very polluted with a medium/high risk of hygro...
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2020
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, May 1, 2018
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2020
Any system is described by several variables, often in the form of hidden information, able to de... more Any system is described by several variables, often in the form of hidden information, able to describe and explain functional mechanisms for the majority of the processes which can be evaluated analytically only when we consider entire complex datasets. The relationship between those variables is the key to identify and quantify correlations among the parameters describing the data in a strictly model-free manner. In chemometrics one uses mathematical and statistical methods to improve the understanding of chemical information through the correlation of physical parameters or properties to analytical instrument data. This approach is currently used across chemistry, materials science, biology, with a growing impact is the field of spectroscopy. This paper presents the ability of chemometric technique applied to Advanced Spectroscopic Analyses, examples include spectroscopic data collected from both the High- resolution neutron Spectrometer TOSCA, operating at the ISIS pulsed Neutro...
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2018