Glen Dash - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

As Published by Glen Dash

AERAGRAM, 2018

Despite all the research carried out at the Great Pyramid over the centuries, it is surprising to... more Despite all the research carried out at the Great Pyramid over the centuries, it is surprising to learn that until our recent survey, we did not have useful coordinates for its position. In this paper we describe our climb to the top of the Great Pyramid to establish its exact coordinates upon the Earth's surface using satellite data.

In this paper, we discuss the discovery of four intact foundation deposits in the Western Valley ... more In this paper, we discuss the discovery of four intact foundation deposits in the Western Valley of the Valley of the Kings. Foundation deposits are votive offerings placed in, beneath, or around a tomb, temple, or other structure, usually at its commencement. These foundation deposits were discovered by a team headed by Dr. Zahi Hawass during his 2007-2011 excavation in the Valley of the Kings. They were found at the western most end of the Western Valley in proximity to WV 23 (Tomb of Ay), 24 and 25.

In 2015, we completed a comprehensive survey of the base of the Great Pyramid. In this paper, we ... more In 2015, we completed a comprehensive survey of the base of the Great Pyramid. In this paper, we report on the survey’s findings. We began our survey by remapping four control monuments around the base. Here we provide new coordinates for these control monuments. Next, we identified 84 points around the periphery of the Great Pyramid where we found evidence of its original baseline. Using this data set, we then derive new estimates for the size and orientation of the Great Pyramid and compute associated error bounds.

In this paper, we present the findings from a geophysical survey conducted in the Central Valley ... more In this paper, we present the findings from a geophysical survey conducted in the Central Valley of the Valley of the Kings, and discuss some of the findings from the concurrent excavations. The survey and excavations were conducted under the auspices of Dr. Zahi Hawass and ran from 2007 until 2011.

Areagram, 2017

Flinders Petrie has been called “the Father of Egyptian Archaeology." His 1880–'81 survey of the... more Flinders Petrie has been called “the Father of Egyptian
Archaeology." His 1880–'81 survey of the Giza Plateau
and its pyramids was a watershed. Without doubt, he left his
mark on archaeology. As it turns out, at Giza he left his marks
literally as well. These were his “stations,” the markers in his
survey network. They can still be found, if you know where to
look, and they are still important. In this paper I identify where they
are, and what they should look like.

Volume 2 (2017), Jan 2017

The Great Pyramid of Khufu, its neighbor, the Pyramid of Khafre and Snefru’s Red Pyramid at Dahsh... more The Great Pyramid of Khufu, its neighbor, the Pyramid of Khafre and Snefru’s Red Pyramid at Dahshur are all aligned to cardinal points with about the same magnitude and direction of error . They are off by about one tenth of one degree, and they are rotated slightly counterclockwise from cardinal points. How the Egyptians managed to achieve such accuracy has long been debated and many methods have been suggested. Yet there is one straightforward method that scholars have largely ignored, perhaps because it was thought to be too simple. This is the ʽequinoctial solar gnomon methodʼ. It uses a vertical rod to track the movement of the sun on the equinox. In this paper we show that it is a practical method, and reproduces the magnitude and direction of error we see in the alignment of these, the largest pyramids of the Pyramid Age.

AERAGRAM, 2015

What is the exact size and orientation of the Great Pyramid? In an effort to finally and definiti... more What is the exact size and orientation of the Great Pyramid? In an effort to finally and definitively answer this question, a comprehensive resurvey of the pyramid’s base was made in 2015. This paper reports the findings.

AERAGRAM, 2015

How large a footprint did the Great Pyramid make on the Giza Plateau when it was completed? It is... more How large a footprint did the Great Pyramid make on the Giza Plateau when it was completed? It is not an easy question to answer, as most of the outer edge of the pyramid’s
base is long gone. Scholars have had to hunt for evidence of the ancient baseline and then extrapolate their findings to locate the original corners. Not surprisingly, the surveys
that have been conducted to date do not precisely agree. With the question of the Great Pyramid’s footprint still incompletely
resolved, another attempt seemed in order.

AERAgram Volume 15, No. 1-2, 2015

The Egyptians aligned pyramids of the fourth dynasty, including the Great Pyramid of Khufu and it... more The Egyptians aligned pyramids of the fourth dynasty, including the Great Pyramid of Khufu and its neighbor, Khafre, to cardinal points with amazing accuracy. For the most part, scholars who have studied the issue have concluded that the Egyptians must have used the nighttime stars to achieve such accuracy. In this article, I put the solar method to the test. I find that the method works, and is capable of yielding results sufficiently accurate to account for the alignment of the pyramids’ casings.

AERAGRAM, 2013

The builders of the Great Pyramid of Khufu aligned the huge monument to true north to within six ... more The builders of the Great Pyramid of Khufu aligned the huge monument to true north to within six minutes of arc, or one tenth of a degree. How they managed to do that has long been debated. In this article we will examine four prominent theories, test one, and compare and contrast the others.

AERAGRAM, 2012

In this article, we derive new estimates for the size and orientation of the Great Pyramid using ... more In this article, we derive new estimates for the size and orientation of the Great Pyramid using data compiled by Mark Lehner and David Goodman in 1984. We can fix the locations of the casing corners to within ten centimeters. The Lehner/Goodman estimates for the location of the casing’s corners proved to be remarkably close to Flinders Petrie’s estimates.

AERAGRAM, 2011

In this paper, we identify those places on the Giza plateau where the Egyptians might have observ... more In this paper, we identify those places on the Giza plateau where the Egyptians might have observed the solstices. Our goal was to test the hypothesis that Giza might have functioned not only as a funerary complex to serve the dead king, but also to serve the living Egyptians as a platform for observing the solstices.

AERAGRAM, 2004

Remote sensing can be a helpful adjunct with its indirect look below the surface based on geoph... more Remote sensing can be a helpful
adjunct with its indirect look below the
surface based on geophysics. In the fall of fall
2003 we put some remote sensing techniques to
the test in a pilot season of the Giza geophysical
survey, sponsored by the National
Geographical Society.

1. Excavations The Khentkawes Town (KKT) North of the Wall of the Crow (WCN) Wall of the Crow ... more 1. Excavations
The Khentkawes Town (KKT)
North of the Wall of the Crow (WCN)
Wall of the Crow Northeast (WCNE)
WCES Burial Excavations
The Backhoe Trenches (BHT, BBHT1, BBHT2)
BBHT1 (Biggest Backhoe Trench)
Main Street East (MSE): Clues to the Pedestal Mystery
The Northwestern Bakeries of EOG
EOG/BHT
BB: The Royal Administrative Building (RAB)
Summary of BB Excavations, 2006 and 2007 by Freya Sadarangani
Area AA and The Pedestal Building
Area AA Preliminary Phasing by James Taylor
House Unit 1 by Yukinori Kawae

2. Capital Zone Walk-About 2006: Spot Heights on the Third Millennium Landscape by Mark Lehner

3. 2006 Geophysical Season at Giza: A Ground-Penetrating Radar Study by Glen Dash

4. Giza Geomorphological Report by Judith Bunbury, Catherine Lutley, and Angus Graham

5. Giza Laser Scanning Project by Yukinori Kawae

A PDF of this publication is available at: http://www.aeraweb.org/publications/gop/

AERAGRAM, 2000

This paper presents the results from a magnetometer survey of the Workers City south of the Giza ... more This paper presents the results from a magnetometer survey of the Workers City south of the Giza Pyramids.

Working Papers by Glen Dash

Look at the Great Pyramid today and you will see something less than the ancient Egyptians saw 4,... more Look at the Great Pyramid today and you will see something less than the ancient Egyptians saw 4,500 years ago. For one, the original white, gleaming limestone casing stones, more than 21 acres in all, are all but gone. However, there is one thing that has been added, a mast on top. The man behind the mast was David Gill and this is his story.

For decades, archaeologists have speculated that the southeast corners of the Great Pyramid of Kh... more For decades, archaeologists have speculated that the southeast corners of the Great Pyramid of Khufu and the second pyramid at Giza, Khafre, are aligned with the sacred city of Heliopolis. In a recent paper, we published new coordinates for the corners of these two pyramids. Now we can use that new data to test the hypothesis.

In recent years various teams have field tested at least three methods the ancient Egyptians may ... more In recent years various teams have field tested at least three methods the ancient Egyptians may have used to find true north, the “simultaneous transit method”, the “pole star method” and the “solar gnomon method”. Using any of these methods, the Egyptians could have located the meridian, the line that connects the observer to the North Pole, to within a few minutes of arc. However, all three methods are, by themselves, incomplete. They do yield two points on the ground in a cardinal direction, but the points are only a few meters apart. How could the Egyptians have extended the line a hundred of meters or more, the distance needed to build a pyramid, while preserving its accuracy?

This limestone cliff face may be the one of the most important places at Giza that no tourist eve... more This limestone cliff face may be the one of the most important places at Giza that no tourist ever visits. Not even many archaeologists know it is there. But as Mark Lehner has pointed out, it is important, as it is one of the few places to the south and east of the pyramids where the original surface of the plateau is preserved. It lies directly south of the eastern edge of the Great Pyramid and may have served as a distant marker to aid the ancient surveyors. It could have had a ceremonial purpose as well, since the sun set behind it on the winter solstice when viewed from the junction of the Khafre causeway and the Khafre Valley Temple. Finally, it is geologically linked with the Sphinx and may offer clues as to the original purpose of the great mound of rock from which the Sphinx’s head was eventually carved. It has no official name; we refer it as GCF1 for the modern survey control monument on its top

The north facing entrance passageway of the Bent Pyramid at Dahshur, also known as the north desc... more The north facing entrance passageway of the Bent Pyramid at Dahshur, also known as the north descending passageway, is aligned to due north with an accuracy of 30 seconds of arc, or 1/120 of one degree. That's about the width of a finger viewed from across a football field, and represents an achievement in surveying that would not be equaled for another four thousand years. How the Egyptians did it, and why, is one important question Egyptologists have sought to answer. Beyond that though, there is another mystery here: Why does it seem as if the rest of the Bent Pyramid was deliberately misaligned with its entrance passageway?

AERAGRAM, 2018

Areagram, 2017

Volume 2 (2017), Jan 2017

AERAGRAM, 2015

AERAgram Volume 15, No. 1-2, 2015

AERAGRAM, 2013

AERAGRAM, 2012

AERAGRAM, 2011

AERAGRAM, 2004

2. Capital Zone Walk-About 2006: Spot Heights on the Third Millennium Landscape by Mark Lehner

3. 2006 Geophysical Season at Giza: A Ground-Penetrating Radar Study by Glen Dash

4. Giza Geomorphological Report by Judith Bunbury, Catherine Lutley, and Angus Graham

5. Giza Laser Scanning Project by Yukinori Kawae

A PDF of this publication is available at: http://www.aeraweb.org/publications/gop/

AERAGRAM, 2000

Of all the alignments associated with the Great Pyramid, the “pyramid diagonals” are among the mo... more Of all the alignments associated with the Great Pyramid, the “pyramid diagonals” are among the most precise. The Great Pyramid’s diagonals are lines drawn between the outside corners of four “sockets” that ring the pyramid. The pyramid diagonals cross at the center of the pyramid, where they form a nearly perfect right angle. How could the Egyptians have achieved such precision? One possibility is that the Egyptians, at the very outset of the project, leveled a surface around the center of what would become the pyramid and used that leveled surface as a stable platform to establish the direction of due north and to lay out the pyramid’s diagonals.

Those wishing to study the monuments at Giza may be surprised to find out that there are few read... more Those wishing to study the monuments at Giza may be surprised to find out that there are few readily available maps fixing the locations of its three major pyramids to an accuracy of better than a meter. In this paper, I convert Flinders Petrie’s 1880-1 data into modern coordinates and combine that data with our more recent survey data to produce a map which locates the Pyramids of Giza with sub meter accuracy. (Revision of earlier paper.)

The paper predicts how Nefertiti's tomb will appear on radar should it exist in substantially the... more The paper predicts how Nefertiti's tomb will appear on radar should it exist in substantially the form Nicholas Reeves theorizes.

In a 2000 paper, Kate Spence captured the imagination of the Egyptological world by using the cir... more In a 2000 paper, Kate Spence captured the imagination of the Egyptological world by using the circumpolar stars to show how the Egyptians might have aligned the pyramids with due north. It has been nearly fifteen years since Spence published her theory. How well has it held up?

In 2006, the Glen Dash Foundation, in cooperation with Ancient Egypt Research Associates (AERA), ... more In 2006, the Glen Dash Foundation, in cooperation with Ancient Egypt Research Associates (AERA), conducted a ground penetrating radar survey over selected areas of the Giza Plateau. This report details the findings from that survey.

In 2001, Professors Kathryn Bard of Boston University and Rodolfo Fattovich of University of Napl... more In 2001, Professors Kathryn Bard of Boston University and Rodolfo Fattovich of University of Naples “L’Orientale” (UNO) began their excavations at Mersa/Wadi Gawasis. In 2004, Kathryn Bard punched through a layer of overburden on the western side of a coral terrace, discovering the first of seven known caves, several of them containing cedar ship timbers and fiber ropes in a remarkable state of preservation. In 2005, the Glen Dash Foundation began a series of remote sensing surveys to find additional caves. During our 2005-2006 geophysical season we measured soil properties with electromagnetic induction tools. We employed numerical models to predict absorption losses and determined that ground penetrating radar could be used to locate additional caves. In 2006-2007, we conducted a radar survey and found that we could detect the caves despite their being more than six meters below the surface.

AERA 2011-2012 Annual Report, 2012

The 2012 Glen Dash Foundation Survey took AERA back to its beginnings: the Giza Plateau Mapping P... more The 2012 Glen Dash Foundation Survey took AERA back to its beginnings: the Giza Plateau Mapping Project, launched by Mark Lehner and David Goodman in 1984 to create an accurate map of the natural and man-made features of the entire Giza Plateau. Despite the intense interest in the pyramids over the centuries, no one had yet produced a good topographic map that showed the precise locations of the pyramids and other monuments at Giza. Mark and David laid the groundwork for the map with a survey control network. But the map was never completed— more urgent projects demanded our attention. Thanks to the Glen Dash Foundation, the GDFS picked up where Mark and David left off. During Season 2012 the GDFS team collected much of the data needed to finally create the map.

AERAGRAM, 2012

If we had clear-cut lines and corners, we could give precise coordinates for the pyramids to thos... more If we had clear-cut lines and corners, we could give precise coordinates for the pyramids to those who believe this is meaningful in terms of the builders’ intentions. But, could the builders have measured distances to an accuracy of millimeters or centimeters over hundreds of meters, given sighting by eye without our telescopic instruments and challenges such as the stretch and sag of a rope?

AERAGRAM, 2016

The Great Pyramid of Giza, more than 4,500 years old, remains a never ending source of fascinatio... more The Great Pyramid of Giza, more than 4,500 years old, remains a never ending source of fascination. For years people have scrutinized it, theorized about construction methods, and speculated about hidden chambers. We at AERA are also trying to understand how the Great Pyramid was built. We map the builders’ marks in the surface around the base of the pyramid.

AERAGRAM, 2011

That the sun should set very close to midway between the two largest Giza Pyramids when viewed fr... more That the sun should set very close to midway between the two largest Giza Pyramids when viewed from the Sphinx Temple on the summer solstice (June 21–22) is intriguing by itself. However, the ancient Egyptians also wrote the word for “horizon,” akhet, as the sun setting between two mountain peaks. Could the image of the sun setting between the two pyramids have been the akhet written on a scale of acres?

AERAGRAM, 2012

We have come full circle, returning to the surveying and mapping of major Giza Plateau monuments ... more We have come full circle, returning to the surveying and mapping of major Giza Plateau monuments for the first time since David Goodman and Mark Lehner laid out the basic survey control network in 1984.

• The Lost Port City of the Pyramids • How the Pyramid Builders May Have Found Their True North ... more • The Lost Port City of the Pyramids
• How the Pyramid Builders May Have Found Their True North
• First Photos from the Great Pyramid Summit
• Weeds and Seeds: On the Trail of Ancient Egyptian Agriculture
• Egypt's Earliest Olive Pit Reconsidered: A Case of Mistaken Identity?

• Memphis Site & Community Development: Ambitious Plans, Big Challenges • Memphis: The Once Great... more • Memphis Site & Community Development: Ambitious Plans, Big Challenges
• Memphis: The Once Great Capital City Lost and Rediscovered
• The Great Pyramid's Footprint: Results from our 2015 Survey
• Catching Up with Yukinori Kawae: Author, National Geographic Explorer
• From Dig to Data: AERA-ARCE Field School Students Publish their First Book of Research Papers
• A Second Official’s House Discovered
• The Pedestal Puzzle
• Remembering Kamal el-Deen Waheed
• US Ambassador to Egypt Tours the Lost City Site

• On the Waterfront: Canals and Harbors in the Time of Giza Pyramid-Building • Did Egyptians Use ... more • On the Waterfront: Canals and Harbors in the Time of Giza Pyramid-Building
• Did Egyptians Use the Sun to Align the Pyramids?
• Construction Hub to Cult Center: Re-purposing, Old Kingdom Style
• A Return to Area AA: Informal Seals and Sealings of the Heit el-Ghurab
• A Change of Address: Funerary Workshop Priests Move to New Quarters
• Return to Memphis: MRFS 2014
• Season 2015: Doing Science at Giza
• Prickly Protection: Sailing in a Hedgehog Boat
• Lost City Site and AERA in "Secrets: Great Pyramid"

A spread spectrum clock generator (SSCG) reduces EMI by modulating the clock frequency, thereby s... more A spread spectrum clock generator (SSCG) reduces EMI by modulating the clock frequency, thereby spreading radiated energy over a frequency range wider range than the bandwidth of the receiver used to measure emissions. This article explores the history of their development and how they can be used to lessen emissions without compromising performance.

Good noise control calls for using power and return planes in a configuration that provides for l... more Good noise control calls for using power and return planes in a configuration that provides for low RF impedance. In this article, we explore the feasibility of using ground and return planes not only to provide low impedance, but to provide shielding as well. Using the ground and return planes as a shield prevents flux from escaping and enveloping the entire circuit board. “Lost flux" is a primary cause of emissions from electronic circuits.

ICs can be designed to produce fewer emissions without compromising performance. The key is usi... more ICs can be designed to produce fewer emissions without compromising performance. The key is using a driver whose current drive capability matches the load. Changing the impedance with load requirements lessens demand on the supply and helps avoid ground bounce.

In this article, we explore strategies to minimize ringing and crosstalk in both microstrip and s... more In this article, we explore strategies to minimize ringing and crosstalk in both microstrip and stripline designs.

The theory of partial inductance is a powerful tool for understanding why digital circuits radiat... more The theory of partial inductance is a powerful tool for understanding why digital circuits radiate. In this article we explore the theory of partial inductance, and then apply it printed circuit board geometries. Using the theory, we can predict emissions from circuits and design strategies to mitigate them.

A radio frequency “anechoic chamber” is a shielded room whose walls have been covered with a mate... more A radio frequency “anechoic chamber” is a shielded room whose walls have been covered with a material that scatters or absorbs so much of the incident energy that it can simulate free space. Innovations such as the use of ferrite tiles have greatly enhanced performance of these chambers. Though anechoic chambers may seem to operate through a bit of black magic, analysis of how they work is really quite straightforward.

In this article, we explore the physics behind the creation of unwanted common mode currents in d... more In this article, we explore the physics behind the creation of unwanted common mode currents in digital devices, and describe experiments anyone can do to understand and study the phenomenon.

Many of the problems associated with emissions from electronic equipment can be explained using t... more Many of the problems associated with emissions from electronic equipment can be explained using the concept of “lost flux.” Any circuit will produce magnetic flux. However some of this flux does not remain confined to the circuit but instead envelopes it. This lost flux creates a common mode voltage across the circuit causing attached conductors to radiate. In this article we explore the concept of lost flux and through a series of experiments, demonstrate how it is possible to design circuits to minimize unwanted radiation.

Log periodic arrays consist of a set of dipole antennas of varying sizes strung together and fed ... more Log periodic arrays consist of a set of dipole antennas of varying sizes strung together and fed alternately through a common transmission line. These remarkable antennas exhibit relatively uniform input impedance, VSWR, and radiation characteristics over a wide range of frequencies. In this article, we describe how design these versatile antennas.

In this article we apply the Method of Moments to a variety of EMC problems. It is an established... more In this article we apply the Method of Moments to a variety of EMC problems. It is an established technique for calculating emissions from structures such as antennas, but can be used to predict emissions from printed circuit boards and associated structures as well.

Inadvertent magnetic and electric field coupling limits the dynamic range of amplifiers, lowers n... more Inadvertent magnetic and electric field coupling limits the dynamic range of amplifiers, lowers noise margins and creates unwanted noise. While every engineer know that shielding can prevent coupling, for many shielding is a vaguely understood concept. Part of the reason is the way that shielding concepts are traditionally taught – physicist’s concept of fields and flux is usually used. It is possible however to explain shielding theory using more familiar circuit concepts.

In this article, we apply the Method of Moments to the design a half wave dipole and a biconical ... more In this article, we apply the Method of Moments to the design a half wave dipole and a biconical antenna. We will also use it to derive the site attenuation model developed by Willmar Roberts for use by the Federal Communication Commission.

IEEE International Symposium on EMC, 1999

One of the most critical decisions to be made in the construction of an Open Area Test Site (OATS... more One of the most critical decisions to be made in the construction of an Open Area Test Site (OATS) is the selection of materials to be used for weather protection. For common construction materials, it is the dielectric constant and the thickness which best predicts their suitability. This paper presents a simple algorithm for selecting materials based on their dielectric constants and thicknesses.

IEEE International Symposium on EMC, 1999

Several researchers have proposed that a primary source of emissions from digital devices is due ... more Several researchers have proposed that a primary source of emissions from digital devices is due to the partial inductance of the return trace on printed circuit boards. In this “current driven model,” RF currents derived from the nanosecond rise time of periodic signals such as clocks create a voltage across the return due to this inductance. This paper reports on an experimental verification of this model, but points out apparent limitations - at frequencies above a certain point, internal characteristics of integrated circuits such as Idd Delta appear to be the dominate cause of emissions, at least in the circuits examined.

In Compliance, Jun 2011

Good noise control calls for using power and return planes in a configuration that provides for l... more Good noise control calls for using power and return planes in a configuration that provides for low RF impedance. In this article, we explore the feasibility of using ground and return planes not only to provide low impedance, but to provide shielding as well. Using ground and return planes as a shield prevents flux from escaping and enveloping the entire circuit board. “Lost flux” is a primary cause of emissions from electronic circuits.

In Compliance, 2010

In Compliance

Maxwell’s Equations are eloquently simple yet excruciatingly complex. These equations are literal... more Maxwell’s Equations are eloquently simple yet excruciatingly complex. These equations are literally the answer to everything RF but they can be baffling to work with. In this six part series, we will explain Maxwell’s Equations one step at a time, beginning with its application to the “static” case, where charges are fixed, and only direct current flows in conductors.

In Compliance

In this chapter, we apply Maxwell’s Equations to the “dynamic” case, where magnetic and electric ... more In this chapter, we apply Maxwell’s Equations to the “dynamic” case, where magnetic and electric fields are changing. In doing so we introduce Maxwell’s Equations in their “integral form.”

In Compliance

Simple in concept, the integral form of Maxwell’s Equations (Chapter 2) can be devilishly difficu... more Simple in concept, the integral form of Maxwell’s Equations (Chapter 2) can be devilishly difficult to work with. To overcome that, scientists and engineers have evolved a number of different ways to look at the problem including the “differential form” of the equations. These use the del operator. They look more complex, but they are actually simpler.

In Compliance, Apr 2010

In this installment, we will describe Maxwell’s Equations in their “computational form,” a form t... more In this installment, we will describe Maxwell’s Equations in their “computational form,” a form that allows our computers to do the work.

In Compliance, May 2010

By using Maxwell’s Equations in their “computational” form, we can solve for fields emanating fro... more By using Maxwell’s Equations in their “computational” form, we can solve for fields emanating from any given assemblage of sources and conductors simply by knowing the distribution of the currents and charges. In this installment, we put these equations to work by computing the radiation from a simple structure, a short wire element.

In Compliance, Jun 2010

We end our series on Maxwell’s Equations with a derivation of the Method of Moments. We will then... more We end our series on Maxwell’s Equations with a derivation of the Method of Moments. We will then make the transition from theory to practice by first attempting to compute the characteristics of a dipole by hand, and then by demonstrating that a computer can do the same thing in just a few seconds.

We report on the activities and results of the 2006 and 2007 field seasons of the Giza Plateau Ma... more We report on the activities and results of the 2006 and 2007 field seasons of the Giza Plateau Mapping Project in the 4th Dynasty (c. 2500 BC) settlement sites of the Khentkawes Town and at Heit el-Ghurab, as well as geophysical survey, laser scanning of the Khentkawes Monument, and geomorphological studies at Giza.

• Who Built the Sphinx? The Sphinx Temple Has the Answer • Finding Petrie’s Marks on the Giza Pla... more • Who Built the Sphinx? The Sphinx Temple Has the Answer
• Finding Petrie’s Marks on the Giza Plateau
• Season 2018: In Search of Khufu and the Heit el-Ghurab Lower Level
• A Roof Over Their Heads
• How Egyptians Quarried Their Building Blocks
• Memphis Site and Community Development Project Update