Gloria Manney - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Gloria Manney

The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment - Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) aboard the Canadi... more The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment - Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) aboard the Canadian satellite SCISAT was designed to measure the composition of the upper troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere. It uses the solar occultation technique and has produced high precision observations since February 2004. ACE-FTS measurements include pressure, temperature and over thirty chemical species such as ozone (O3), water vapor (H2O), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5), nitric acid (HNO3), hydrogen chloride (HCl), chlorine nitride (ClONO2), chlorofluorocarbons (e.g., CFC-11 and CFC-12), and hydrogen fluoride (HF). The vertical resolution is 3-4 km. Although its measurements focus on the polar atmosphere, especially Arctic and Antarctic stratospheric ozone loss, observations are also made at middle and lower latitudes. Over the course of one year, global coverage is obtained. In this...

To investigate isentropic transport across the extratropical tropopause, we introduce a horizonta... more To investigate isentropic transport across the extratropical tropopause, we introduce a horizontal "tropopause latitude (TpLat) coordinate" with the tropopause defined as 3.5 PVU potential vorticity (PV) in this study. PV from the Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Application (MERRA) is use to view carbon monoxide (CO) measurements made by Aura/Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) in this coordinate system. Our analysis shows that the CO and PV meridional gradients are larger near the extra-tropical tropopause than at other latitudes in both hemispheres. These seasonal mean meridional gradients at the tropopause are significantly larger in TpLat coordinates than in geographic or equivalent latitude coordinates. The seasonal variations of the CO and PV gradients at the tropopause are small. Our results show no strong seasonal variation in the permeability of the extratropical tropopause.

The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) is a Canadian satellite mission that was launched on-b... more The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) is a Canadian satellite mission that was launched on-board the SCISAT platform in August 2003. The primary instrument for the ACE mission is a high-resolution (0.02 cm-1) infrared Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) with a spectral range of 750-4400 cm-1. This instrument makes solar-occultation measurements of over 30 different atmospheric trace gases with well- resolved vertical profiles from the upper troposphere to the lower thermosphere (under cloud-free conditions). Since operational retrievals began in February 2004, over 15 000 occultation measurements have been made. The work shown here will highlight the development and first results of an Arctic trace-gas climatology, based on the first four years of ACE-FTS observations. Specifically, this study uses derived meteorological products to map the observations into equivalent latitude space and ultimately determine the variability of O3, HCl, ClONO2, HNO3, H2O, and ClO. By compar...

The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) is a Canadian satellite mission that was launched on-b... more The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) is a Canadian satellite mission that was launched on-board the SCISAT platform in August 2003. The primary instrument for the ACE mission is a high-resolution (0.02 cm-1) infrared Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) with a spectral range of 750-4400 cm- 1. This instrument makes solar-occultation measurements of over 30 different atmospheric trace gases with well-resolved vertical profiles from the upper troposphere to the lower thermosphere (under cloud-free conditions). Over 5 years of data have been collected since operational retrievals began in February 2004. The work shown here will expand upon the development of a trace-gas climatology based on the first five years of ACE-FTS observations that is currently being developed. Specifically, this study uses derived meteorological products to map the observations into equivalent latitude space and ultimately determine the variability of O3, HCl, ClONO2, HNO3, H2O, and ClO in the lower ...

The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) onboard NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) Aura satellite m... more The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) onboard NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) Aura satellite measures several key species involved in stratospheric ozone chemistry, including the first simultaneous daily global profiles of HCl and ClO. Here we examine chlorine partitioning during the deactivation phase of the 2004 Antarctic winter and throughout the entire 2004--2005 Arctic winter, which was exceptionally cold in the lower stratosphere. Measurements of ClONO2 from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier transform spectrometer (ACE-FTS) on the Canadian SCISAT-1 are also analyzed. Interhemispheric differences in the evolution of reactive and reservoir chlorine species in the polar vortices are explored throughout the lower stratosphere (400--750 K). In addition, theoretical understanding is tested by comparing the satellite measurements to near real time runs of the SLIMCAT 3D chemical transport model, sampled at the same location and local time as the EOS MLS measurements.

A suite of atmospheric composition measurements from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on NASA&#39... more A suite of atmospheric composition measurements from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on NASA's Aura satellite and the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) on Canada's SCISAT-1 mission is used to study chemical processing in and dispersal of chemically-processed air from the lower stratospheric polar vortices. In particular, interannual and interhemispheric variability in chlorine activation and deactivation are investigated using measurements of ClO, HCl, and ClONO2. Theoretical understanding is assessed by comparing measurements to customized runs of the SLIMCAT 3D chemical transport model. Results are shown from a newly-updated version of the model that incorporates a sophisticated microphysical scheme as a fully-coupled module, allowing polar stratospheric cloud formation and sedimentation to be calculated interactively in full-chemistry simulations. The impact of recently-published ClOOCl absorption cross sections, which yield a stra...

The Arctic lower stratosphere during the 2004-2005 winter was exceptionally cold, with high poten... more The Arctic lower stratosphere during the 2004-2005 winter was exceptionally cold, with high potential for polar stratospheric cloud formation and prime conditions for ozone loss. Previous model simulations have shown that ozone in the University of Leeds' SLIMCAT global three-dimensional chemical transport model (CTM) agrees quite well with Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III observations made during the earlier 2002-2003 winter. For the first time, 2004-2005 Arctic ozone loss calculations using Earth Observing System Microwave Limb Sounder (EOS MLS), Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS), and POAM III observations will be compared to simulations from the improved SLIMCAT CTM. The meteorological conditions during the 2004-2005 winter were different from 2002-2003 in that 2004-2005 temperatures remained low through early March, unlike conditions in 2002-2003 where two stratospheric warming events caused an increase in temperatures af...

U. K. Met Office global analyses are used to identify anticyclone and Arctic/Antarctic vortex pos... more U. K. Met Office global analyses are used to identify anticyclone and Arctic/Antarctic vortex positions at vertical levels spanning the stratosphere on each day. EOS-MLS and satellite occultation measurements of ozone are then investigated within 3 different air mass types; 1) polar vortex, 2) anticyclone, and 3) "ambient" (not inside a 1 or 2). The evolution of ozone (and other tracers) within the anticyclones is viewed separate from data in either the vortex or in "ambient" regions. A definition of low-ozone pockets (LOPs) is proposed based on the MLS ozone and Met Office anticyclone data. It has been automated and applied to the data available from August 2004 through June 2006. A "2-year climatology" of MLS LOPs identified using this algorithm will be shown in both hemispheres. Multiple LOPs have been identified during both the 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 Arctic winters and in the Antarctic in 2004 and 2005 from September through the final warming. Thes...

Unlike the Antarctic, Arctic ozone loss can undergo large interannual variability due to the chan... more Unlike the Antarctic, Arctic ozone loss can undergo large interannual variability due to the changing dynamics and meteorological conditions. In order to explore the interannual variability, a comprehensive ozone loss analysis will be presented for the 1994-1995 through the 2004-2005 Arctic winters. Ozone loss calculations will be inferred from observations from the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite Microwave Limb Sounder (UARS MLS), Earth Observing System Microwave Limb Sounder (EOS MLS), Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM II/III), Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE II/III), Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS), Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS), and Measurement of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation (MAESTRO) instruments using the chemical transport model (CTM) Passive Subtraction technique. In addition, the ability to simulate o...

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS

A method of classifying the upper tropospheric/lower stratospheric (UTLS) jets has been developed... more A method of classifying the upper tropospheric/lower stratospheric (UTLS) jets has been developed that allows satellite and aircraft trace gas data and meteorological fields to be efficiently mapped in a jet coordinate view. A detailed characterization of multiple tropopauses accompanies the jet characterization. Jet climatologies show the well-known high altitude subtropical and lower altitude polar jets in the upper troposphere, as well as a pattern of concentric polar and subtropical jets in the Southern Hemisphere, and shifts of the primary jet to high latitudes associated with blocking ridges in Northern Hemisphere winter. The jet-coordinate view segregates air masses differently than the commonly-used equivalent latitude (EqL) coordinate throughout the lowermost stratosphere and in the upper troposphere. Mapping O3 data from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) satellite and the Winter Storms aircraft datasets in jet coordinates highlights important advantages in comparison t...

The extra-tropical tropopause region is dynamically complex, with frequent occurrence of multiple... more The extra-tropical tropopause region is dynamically complex, with frequent occurrence of multiple tropopauses and of a "tropopause inversion layer" of enhanced static stability just above the tropopause. The tropopause structure is zonally-asymmetric and time-varying and, along with the UT jets and the stratospheric polar night jet, it defines the barriers and pathways that control UTLS transport. Averages of trace gases that do not account for the tropopause structure (such as zonal or equivalent latitude means) can obscure features of trace gas distributions that are important for understanding the role of the extra-tropical tropopause region in determining UTLS composition and hence its significance to climate processes. In this work we examine MLS and ACE-FTS UTLS trace gas profiles (using the recently reprocessed version 3 data from both instruments), including H2O, O3, CO and HNO3, in the context of extra-tropical tropopause structure seen in the GEOS-5 temperature f...

The extra-tropical tropopause region is dynamically complex, with frequent occurrence of multiple... more The extra-tropical tropopause region is dynamically complex, with frequent occurrence of multiple tropopauses and of a "tropopause inversion layer" of enhanced static stability just above the tropopause. The tropopause structure is zonally-asymmetric and time-varying and, along with the UT jets and the stratospheric polar night jet, it defines the barriers and pathways that control UTLS transport. Averages of trace gases that do not account for the tropopause structure (such as zonal or equivalent latitude means) can obscure features of trace gas distributions that are important for understanding the role of the extra-tropical tropopause region in determining UTLS composition and hence its significance to climate processes. In this work we examine MLS and ACE-FTS UTLS trace gas profiles, including H2O, O3, CO and HNO3, in the context of extra-tropical tropopause and UT jet structure seen in the GEOS-5 temperature fields, to gain understanding of UTLS trace gas distribution...

Geophysical Research Letters

1] A previously unreported phenomenon, a ''frozen-in'' anticyclone (FrIAC) after ... more 1] A previously unreported phenomenon, a ''frozen-in'' anticyclone (FrIAC) after the 2005 Arctic spring vortex breakup, was discovered in Earth Observing System (EOS) Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) long-lived trace gas data. A tongue of low-latitude (high-N 2 O, low-H 2 O) air was drawn into high latitudes and confined in a tight anticyclone, then advected intact in the summer easterlies through late August. A similar feature in O 3 disappeared by early April as a result of chemical processes. The FrIAC was initially advected upright at nearly the same speed at all levels from 660to1300K(660 to 1300 K (660to1300K(25– 45 km); increasing vertical wind shear after early June tilted the FrIAC and weakened it at higher levels. The associated feature in PV disappeared by early June; transport calculations fail to reproduce the remarkable persistence of the FrIAC, suggesting deficiencies in summer high-latitude winds. The historical PV record suggests that this phenomenon may have occurred sever...

This paper describes global stratospheric variations in HCl, as observed by the Earth Observing S... more This paper describes global stratospheric variations in HCl, as observed by the Earth Observing System (EOS) Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) aboard the satellite Aura, after more than one year of continuous global measurements. Comparisons versus the SLIMCAT 3-D model will highlight any unexpected changes in the stratosphere. Data continuity and quality issues are investigated by analyzing HCl data from MLS, HALOE, and ACE, along with other supporting data products. We discuss implications of surface chlorine measurement comparisons to the high precision global HCl abundances obtained from MLS in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere.

The 2004-2005 Arctic winter polar vortex broke up in a major final warming. EOS MLS measurements ... more The 2004-2005 Arctic winter polar vortex broke up in a major final warming. EOS MLS measurements of the long-lived tracers N2O and H2O reveal an anticyclone that forms near the pole during the final warming, and persists after the final warming, through most of the Boreal summer. The phenomenon is analogous to previously reported ``frozen-in" vortex remnants, but even more persistent. Potential vorticity (PV) fields show a similar, but shorter-lived feature. We detail the 3-dimensional structure and evolution of the ``frozen-in anticyclone" (FrIAC) in MLS N2O and H2O observations, and show the more rapid dissipation of its signature in ozone under the influence of chemical effects. PV fields are used to explore the possibility and frequency of previous occurrences of the FrIAC phenomenon. MLS observations are compared with simulations from the SLIMCAT chemical transport model and with trajectory calculations to examine our ability to model the FrIAC.

Geophysical Research Letters

The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on Aura is providing an extensive data set on stratospheric wint... more The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on Aura is providing an extensive data set on stratospheric winter polar processing, including the first daily global observations of HCl, together with simultaneous measurements of ClO, HNO3, H2O, O3, N2O, and temperature (among others). We present first results charting the evolution of these quantities during the 2004 Antarctic late winter. MLS observations of chlorine deactivation and ozone loss during this period are shown to be consistent with results from the SLIMCAT chemical transport model.

Geophysical Research Letters

Observations from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on NASA's new Aura satellite give an unpre... more Observations from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on NASA's new Aura satellite give an unprecedentedly detailed picture of the spring Antarctic polar vortex breakup throughout the stratosphere. HCl is a particularly valuable tracer in the lower stratosphere after chlorine deactivation. MLS HCl, N2O, H2O broke up in the upper stratosphere by early October, in the midstratosphere by early November, and in the lower stratosphere by late December. The subvortex broke up just a few days later than the lower stratospheric vortex. Vortex remnants persisted in the midstratosphere through December, but only through early January 2005 in the lower stratosphere. MLS N2O observations show diabatic descent continuing throughout November, with evidence of weak ascent after late October in the lower stratospheric vortex core.

The Arctic winter 2010/2011 was characterized by an unusually stable and cold polar vortex in the... more The Arctic winter 2010/2011 was characterized by an unusually stable and cold polar vortex in the lower stratosphere. Meteorological data shows that conditions for the formation of polar stratospheric clouds, and hence the activation of chlorine from reservoir species through heterogeneous processes, were widespread. Values of Vpsc, a temperature based parameter that characterizes the winter average extent of such conditions were in the range of the extreme values reached in the coldest winters on record, i.e., 2000 and 2005. However, in contrast to these previous winters, when the ozone loss period was ended by major stratospheric warmings in March, in 2011 the very stable polar vortex stayed intact and cold well into April. The combination of extremely cold conditions throughout the winter with a long lived and stable vortex in spring led to record chemical destruction of ozone in the Arctic. Based on the measurements of the Match ozonesonde network and the Microwave Limb Sounder ...

Geophysical Research Letters, 1994

Two stratospheric warmings during February and March 1993 are described using UKMO analyses, calc... more Two stratospheric warmings during February and March 1993 are described using UKMO analyses, calculated PV and diabatic heating, and N[sub 2]O observed by the CLAES instrument on the UARS. The first warming affected temperatures over a larger region, while the second produced a larger region of reversed zonal winds. Tilted baroclinic zones formed in the temperature field, and the polar

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2013

ABSTRACT [1] The work presented here evaluates polar stratospheric ozone simulations from the Who... more ABSTRACT [1] The work presented here evaluates polar stratospheric ozone simulations from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) for the Arctic winter of 2004–2005. We use the Specified Dynamics version of WACCM (SD-WACCM), in which temperatures and winds are nudged to meteorological assimilation analysis results. Model simulations of ozone and related constituents generally compare well to observations from the Earth Observing System Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). At most times, modeled ozone agrees with MLS data to within ~10%. However, a systematic high bias in ozone in the model of ~18% is found in the lowermost stratosphere in March. We attribute most of this ozone bias to too little heterogeneous processing of halogens late in the winter. We suggest that the model under-predicts ClONO2 early in the winter, which leads to less heterogeneous processing and too little activated chlorine. Model HCl could also be overestimated due to an underestimation of HCl uptake into supercooled ternary solution (STS) particles. In late winter, the model overestimates gas-phase HNO3, and thus NOy, which leads to an over-prediction of ClONO2 (under-prediction of activated chlorine). A sensitivity study, in which temperatures for heterogeneous chemistry reactions were reduced by 1.5 K, shows significant improvement of modeled ozone. Chemical ozone loss is inferred from the MLS observations using the pseudo-passive subtraction approach. The inferred ozone loss using this method is in agreement with or less than previous independent results for the Arctic winter of 2004–2005, reaching 1.0 ppmv on average and up to 1.6 ppmv locally in the polar vortex.

The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) is a Canadian satellite mission that was launched on-b... more The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) is a Canadian satellite mission that was launched on-board the SCISAT platform in August 2003. The primary instrument for the ACE mission is a high-resolution (0.02 cm-1) infrared Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) with a spectral range of 750-4400 cm- 1. This instrument makes solar-occultation measurements of over 30 different atmospheric trace gases with well-resolved vertical profiles from the upper troposphere to the lower thermosphere (under cloud-free conditions). Over 5 years of data have been collected since operational retrievals began in February 2004. The work shown here will expand upon the development of a trace-gas climatology based on the first five years of ACE-FTS observations that is currently being developed. Specifically, this study uses derived meteorological products to map the observations into equivalent latitude space and ultimately determine the variability of O3, HCl, ClONO2, HNO3, H2O, and ClO in the lower ...

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS

The extra-tropical tropopause region is dynamically complex, with frequent occurrence of multiple... more The extra-tropical tropopause region is dynamically complex, with frequent occurrence of multiple tropopauses and of a "tropopause inversion layer" of enhanced static stability just above the tropopause. The tropopause structure is zonally-asymmetric and time-varying and, along with the UT jets and the stratospheric polar night jet, it defines the barriers and pathways that control UTLS transport. Averages of trace gases that do not account for the tropopause structure (such as zonal or equivalent latitude means) can obscure features of trace gas distributions that are important for understanding the role of the extra-tropical tropopause region in determining UTLS composition and hence its significance to climate processes. In this work we examine MLS and ACE-FTS UTLS trace gas profiles, including H2O, O3, CO and HNO3, in the context of extra-tropical tropopause and UT jet structure seen in the GEOS-5 temperature fields, to gain understanding of UTLS trace gas distribution...

Geophysical Research Letters

Geophysical Research Letters, 1994

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2013