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Papers by Gontar Siregar

International Journal of Research and Review

Objective: To determine differences of urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin level i... more Objective: To determine differences of urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin level in liver cirrhosis patients with or without Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS). Methods: This study was conducted on 46 liver cirrhosis patients (20 patients without hepatorenal syndrome, 26 patients with hepatorenal syndrome). Diagnosis of HRS was based on International Ascites Club criteria. Urinary NGAL was examined using ELISA method. Data analysis was performed with p<0,05 stated as statistically significant. Result: This study showed more HRS cases was found in male than female, with an average age of 53,95 years old for hepatic cirrhosis without HRS, and 57,35 with HRS. The most common cause of this study is Hepatitis B virus, and the highest grade of severity is in Child Pugh-C. The average urinary NGAL level in liver cirrhosis with HRS is 59,39 ± 58,98 ng/ml and 130,78 ± 45,14 ng/ml in liver cirrhosis without HRS. Conclusion: There was a significant higher urinary NGAL level in liver ...

International Journal of Research Publications

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the causes of intestinal and gastric ulcers... more Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the causes of intestinal and gastric ulcers or one of the factors causing gastric malignancy. The prevalence of H. pylori infection is more than 80% in developing countries. Probiotics provide beneficial effects on the host’s health when administered in an adequate amount. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria are the most commonly used as probiotics. H.pylori colonization is interfered with by regular ingestion of L. acidophilus, and the urea breath test values decreased by approximately 10% four weeks after treatment. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of probiotic in eradication of H. pylori gastritis in children along with triple therapy Methods: This clinical trial design in children with H. pylori gastritis in a network hospital in Medan. Sampling was carried out from August 2019 - April 2020 with randomization techniques and double-blind in children suffering from H. pylori gastritis based on history, physical examination, H. pylori stool antigen (HpSA) test and endoscopy. Mc Nemar test analysis was performed to assess the difference effectiveness of drugs in the two groups. Result: From 33 children who received probiotics 31 children eradicated and from 31 children who did not receive probiotics, 29 children were eradicated. From 33 children who received probiotics, 6 children had side effects. From 31 children who did not receive probiotics, 22 children had side effects such as nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. There was no significant difference between probiotics and triple therapy with only triple therapy (p = 1,000). However, there was a significant difference in reducing the side effects of nausea/vomiting and diarrhea in the probiotic group (p = 0.015). Conclusion: There were no significant differences between administering probiotics plus triple therapy with triple therapy only to eradicate H. pylori gastritis in children. However, there were significant differences in the probiotic group in reducing the symptoms of side effects.

Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology

Purpose: Histopathology method is often used as a gold standard diagnostic for Helicobacter pylor... more Purpose: Histopathology method is often used as a gold standard diagnostic for Helicobacter pylori infection in Indonesia. However, it requires an endoscopic procedure which is limited in Indonesia. A non-invasive method, such as 14 C Urea Breath Test (UBT), is more favorable; however, this particular method has not been validated yet. Patients and Methods: A total of 55 dyspeptic patients underwent gastroscopy and 14 C-UBT test. We used Heliprobe ® UBT for UBT test. As for the histology, May-Giemsa staining of two gastric biopsies (from the antrum and corpus) were evaluated following the Updated Sydney System. Results: The Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis showed that the optimum cutoff value was 57 with excellence Area under Curve = 0.955 (95% CI = 0.861-1.000). By applying the optimum cutoff value, Heliprobe ® UBT showed 92.31% for sensitivity, 97.62% for specificity, 92.31% for positive predictive value, 97.62% for negative predictive value, 38.77 for positive likelihood ratio, 0.0788 for negative likelihood ratio, and 96.36% for the accuracy. Conclusion: The 14 C-UBT is an accurate test for H. pylori diagnosis with excellent sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. The different optimum cutoff points suggested that a validation is absolutely necessary for new test prior application to the new population.

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B is a global health problem. The disease damages hepatocytes and creates t... more BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B is a global health problem. The disease damages hepatocytes and creates tissue hypoxic condition. Hypoxia triggers production of several mediators such as hypoxic inducible factor (HIF)-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. The mediators act in liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. AIM: The objective of the study was to determine the difference in serum HIF-1α, VEGF, and TGF-β1 levels based on liver fibrosis severity in patients with chronic hepatitis B. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed in Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan, Indonesia, from January to July 2020. Subjects were chronic hepatitis B patients aged 18 years or older. Exclusion criteria were other chronic diseases, malignancies, or pregnancy. Liver fibrosis was determined using shear wave elastography and categorized as follow: F1, F2, F3, and F4. Serum HIF-1α, VEGF, and TGF-β1 levels were measured usi...

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 2021

Introduction. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is excessive fat build-up in the liver du... more Introduction. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is excessive fat build-up in the liver due to causes other than alcohol use. Aim. To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Liv.52 DS tablets in the management of NAFLD. Material and methods. Prospective, interventional clinical study conducted on 60 patients of both sex, aged between 18-65 years, confirmed with NAFLD from clinical examination, laboratory test, ultrasound findings and those willing to give informed consent. All patients received Liv.52 DS at a dose of 2 tablets twice daily for 2 months. All patients were evaluated at baseline, end of 1st month, and end of 2nd month for liver function tests, hepatomegaly by ultrasound, NAFLD Fibrosis Score, lipid profile, hematology and biochemical investigations. Results. Study data was analyzed with GraphPad Prism Software Version 6.07. Data of those patients who completed the study was considered for analysis. Significant improvement in hepatomegaly, liver enzymes was o...

International Journal of Research Publications

Medicinski glasnik : official publication of the Medical Association of Zenica-Doboj Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2020

Aim To determine the effect of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) petals in dextran sodium sulfate (DS... more Aim To determine the effect of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) petals in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis model by measuring pro-inflammatory cytokines expressions (IL-6, and TNF-α), anti-inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-10) and histological colitis inflammation score (HCIS). Methods This study was conducted in two phases. For the first phase, five DSS-induced colitis mice were sacrificed (group 1) and compared with six healthy mice (group 2) after five-cycle induction (70 days). For the second phase, roselle-treated DSS-induced colitis mice were sacrificed on day 7, 14, 21, and 28 after induction and compared with mesalazine-treated DSS-induced colitis mice. Expressions of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 were determined by immunohistochemistry and HCIS were assessed by two experienced pathologists. Results The expressions of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10, and HCIS in DSS-induced colitis mice were increased compared with control. The expressions of IL-6, TNF-α were significantly highe...

Page 1. DETEKSI DINI DAN PENATALAKSANAAN KANKER USUS BESAR Pidato Pengukuhan Jabatan Guru Besar T... more Page 1. DETEKSI DINI DAN PENATALAKSANAAN KANKER USUS BESAR Pidato Pengukuhan Jabatan Guru Besar Tetap dalam Bidang Ilmu Penyakit Dalam pada Fakultas Kedokteran, diucapkan di hadapan Rapat Terbuka Universitas Sumatera Utara ...

Background: Recent studies showed that Interleukin-8 (IL-8), activated cytokine immune response w... more Background: Recent studies showed that Interleukin-8 (IL-8), activated cytokine immune response which plays an important role in the development of acute and chronic gastritis. Harmless anti-inflammatory therapeutic alternatives have been proposed, for example, the consumption of Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz (chayote). Antioxidant (flavonoid) and cell regeneration (alkaloid) agents were found in chayote. This study aimed to determine the effect of chayote Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz extracts on the level of IL-8 in Wistar rats with aspirin- induced gastritis. Subjects and Method: This was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted at the laboratory of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sumatra Utara from January to February 2020. A total of 35 male Wistar rats was selected for this study and randomly allocated into 7 groups: (1) Negative control; (2) Positive control; (3) 100 mg/ kg BW chayote ethanol extract ; (4) 200 mg/kg BW chayote ethanol extract; (5) 100 mg/ kg BW ch...

Gut Pathogens, 2021

Background Even though the incidence of H. pylori infection among Malays in the Malay Peninsula i... more Background Even though the incidence of H. pylori infection among Malays in the Malay Peninsula is low, we observed a high H. pylori prevalence in Sumatra, which is the main residence of Indonesian Malays. H. pylori prevalence among Indonesian Malay descendants was investigated. Results Using a combination of five tests, 232 recruited participants were tested for H- pylori and participants were considered positive if at least one test positive. The results showed that the overall H. pylori prevalence was 17.2%. Participants were then categorized into Malay (Aceh, Malay, and Minang), Java (Javanese and Sundanese), Nias, and Bataknese groups. The prevalence of H. pylori was very low among the Malay group (2.8%) and no H. pylori was observed among the Aceh. Similarly, no H. pylori was observed among the Java group. However, the prevalence of H. pylori was high among the Bataknese (52.2%) and moderate among the Nias (6.1%). Multilocus sequence typing showed that H. pylori in Indonesian ...

Background: The incidence of gastritis in Southeast Asia is around 583,635 of the total populatio... more Background: The incidence of gastritis in Southeast Asia is around 583,635 of the total population each year. There are several features of histopathology of gastritis, namely chronic inflammation, acute inflammation, gastric mucosal atrophy, and metaplasia. The association between inflammation and hypoxia has been found since many years ago. Hypoxic Inducible Factor (HIF) is activated in response to hypoxia and inflammation. . In hypoxic conditions, there will be an increase in the production of HIF-1α. This study was conducted to determine the relationship of HIF-1α expression with gastritis degree, so that it can be known whether HIF-1α can be used as a parameter of the degree of gastric mucosa damage. Methods: The design of this study was a cross-sectional study with independent variables such as histopathological severity of gastritis (degree of lymphocyte infiltration, degree of neutrophil activity, degree of atrophy, and degree of intestinal metaplasia) and the dependent vari...

The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Digestive Endoscopy, 2014

Background: Chronic atrophic gastritis is a well-established precursor of gastric cancer. The dev... more Background: Chronic atrophic gastritis is a well-established precursor of gastric cancer. The development of atrophic chronic gastritis is multifactorial, involving the environment as well as host responses to the Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) infection. The aim of this study is to determine prevalence and risk factors of chronic atrophic gastritis. Method : The study was a cross sectional study on gastritis patients admitted to endoscopy units at Adam Malik General Hospital and Permata Bunda Hospital, Medan, from May-October 2014. A simple random sampling was performed to obtain 50 patients. Data concerning sociodemographic factors and H. pylori status were collected. H. pylori were considered positive from the positive results of the campylobacter like organism (CLO) test. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed using the SPSS 22 with 95% confidence interval. Bivariat analysis was performed using a Chi-square test. Results : Prevalence of chronic atrophic gastritis w...

International Journal of Research and Review, 2021

Mucosal damage in people with gastritis causes the production of VEGF. VEGF is a neoangiogenesis ... more Mucosal damage in people with gastritis causes the production of VEGF. VEGF is a neoangiogenesis function to repair damaged tissue. Excess production can cause cancer risk. VEGF genotype polymorphisms are thought to affect the production of serum VEGF levels. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between VEGF - 2578 C> A polymorphism and serum VEGF levels in H. pylori gastritis. Method: cross-sectional study was conducted at H. Adam Malik General Hospital and Network Hospital with 100 samples. Endoscopic examination was performed to assess the gastric mucosa and a tissue biopsy was performed. The urea breath test (UBT) test and the Campylobacter like organism (CLO) test to determine H. pylori infection. VEGF - 2578 C> A was checked by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The data will be analyzed by univariate and bivariate. Result: One hundred people with gastritis, of which 59 people were infected with H. pylori. In this study, H. pylori infection did not have ...

The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Digestive Endoscopy, 2013

Background: Non-invasive test have been constructed and evaluated mainly for binary diagnoses. Th... more Background: Non-invasive test have been constructed and evaluated mainly for binary diagnoses. The accuracy of non-invasive tests such as aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) and transient elastography/FibroScan should be evaluated especially in clinical practice. The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of detailed fibrosis classification available for APRI and FibroScan to liver biopsy in chronic hepatitis B patients. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in 51 patients with chronic hepatitis B. The patients underwent laboratory test, FibroScan and liver biopsy between April 2011 and July 2013 at Adam Malik Hospital, Medan. Liver biopsy was assessed based on the METAVIR score. Area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) predictive value was used to evaluate the accuracy of APRI and FibroScan. All data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results : APRI versus METAVIR diagnosed severe fibrosis and cirrhosis with sensitivity 40% and spe...

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences

Backgrounds: Coronavirus brought about by SARS-CoV-2 is a continuous worldwide pandemic. SARS-CoV... more Backgrounds: Coronavirus brought about by SARS-CoV-2 is a continuous worldwide pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 influences the human respiratory tracts’ epithelial cells, prompting a proinflammatory cytokine storm and ongoing lung inflammation. With various patients kicking the bucket day by day, an immunization and explicit antiviral medication regimens are being investigated. The choice to utilize this medication during the COVID-19 pandemic should be founded on cautious thought of the likely as preventive and curative in such context. Methods: A literature review changed into carried out through the PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, and Google Scholar search engines consist of probiotics preventive and management possibility in COVID-19. Results: The probiotics significantly affects the host insusceptible reaction, foundationally, and on invulnerable responses at close by mucosal locales, like the lung. Certain strains of probiotics have improved interferon type I levels, hoisting the number ...

Aim To investigate effect of bay leaf extract in endothelial integrity, observed by vascular endo... more Aim To investigate effect of bay leaf extract in endothelial integrity, observed by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level, VEGF and CD31 expression. Methods Thirty-two acute coronary syndrome surgery-induced Wistar Rats (Rattus novergicus) were divided into 16 bay leaf extract (treatment) groups and 16 control groups, sacrificed on day 1, 4, 7, and 14 after the induction. Serum VEGF level was determined by ELISA and expression of VEGFR-2 and CD31 were detected on immunohistochemistry. Results This study showed increased expression of serum VEGF level, and VEGFR-2 expression was found significantly on day 7 and 14 in the treatment group compared to the control group. CD31 expression was significantly different compared to the control groups on day 4, 7, and 14 of administration. Conclusion The potential effect of bay leaf extract on angiogenesis in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) as adjuvant for the treatment. Bay leaf extract has been shown to support angiogenesis and mainta...

International Journal of Research and Review

Objective: To determine differences of urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin level i... more Objective: To determine differences of urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin level in liver cirrhosis patients with or without Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS). Methods: This study was conducted on 46 liver cirrhosis patients (20 patients without hepatorenal syndrome, 26 patients with hepatorenal syndrome). Diagnosis of HRS was based on International Ascites Club criteria. Urinary NGAL was examined using ELISA method. Data analysis was performed with p<0,05 stated as statistically significant. Result: This study showed more HRS cases was found in male than female, with an average age of 53,95 years old for hepatic cirrhosis without HRS, and 57,35 with HRS. The most common cause of this study is Hepatitis B virus, and the highest grade of severity is in Child Pugh-C. The average urinary NGAL level in liver cirrhosis with HRS is 59,39 ± 58,98 ng/ml and 130,78 ± 45,14 ng/ml in liver cirrhosis without HRS. Conclusion: There was a significant higher urinary NGAL level in liver ...

International Journal of Research Publications

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the causes of intestinal and gastric ulcers... more Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the causes of intestinal and gastric ulcers or one of the factors causing gastric malignancy. The prevalence of H. pylori infection is more than 80% in developing countries. Probiotics provide beneficial effects on the host’s health when administered in an adequate amount. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria are the most commonly used as probiotics. H.pylori colonization is interfered with by regular ingestion of L. acidophilus, and the urea breath test values decreased by approximately 10% four weeks after treatment. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of probiotic in eradication of H. pylori gastritis in children along with triple therapy Methods: This clinical trial design in children with H. pylori gastritis in a network hospital in Medan. Sampling was carried out from August 2019 - April 2020 with randomization techniques and double-blind in children suffering from H. pylori gastritis based on history, physical examination, H. pylori stool antigen (HpSA) test and endoscopy. Mc Nemar test analysis was performed to assess the difference effectiveness of drugs in the two groups. Result: From 33 children who received probiotics 31 children eradicated and from 31 children who did not receive probiotics, 29 children were eradicated. From 33 children who received probiotics, 6 children had side effects. From 31 children who did not receive probiotics, 22 children had side effects such as nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. There was no significant difference between probiotics and triple therapy with only triple therapy (p = 1,000). However, there was a significant difference in reducing the side effects of nausea/vomiting and diarrhea in the probiotic group (p = 0.015). Conclusion: There were no significant differences between administering probiotics plus triple therapy with triple therapy only to eradicate H. pylori gastritis in children. However, there were significant differences in the probiotic group in reducing the symptoms of side effects.

Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology

Purpose: Histopathology method is often used as a gold standard diagnostic for Helicobacter pylor... more Purpose: Histopathology method is often used as a gold standard diagnostic for Helicobacter pylori infection in Indonesia. However, it requires an endoscopic procedure which is limited in Indonesia. A non-invasive method, such as 14 C Urea Breath Test (UBT), is more favorable; however, this particular method has not been validated yet. Patients and Methods: A total of 55 dyspeptic patients underwent gastroscopy and 14 C-UBT test. We used Heliprobe ® UBT for UBT test. As for the histology, May-Giemsa staining of two gastric biopsies (from the antrum and corpus) were evaluated following the Updated Sydney System. Results: The Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis showed that the optimum cutoff value was 57 with excellence Area under Curve = 0.955 (95% CI = 0.861-1.000). By applying the optimum cutoff value, Heliprobe ® UBT showed 92.31% for sensitivity, 97.62% for specificity, 92.31% for positive predictive value, 97.62% for negative predictive value, 38.77 for positive likelihood ratio, 0.0788 for negative likelihood ratio, and 96.36% for the accuracy. Conclusion: The 14 C-UBT is an accurate test for H. pylori diagnosis with excellent sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. The different optimum cutoff points suggested that a validation is absolutely necessary for new test prior application to the new population.

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B is a global health problem. The disease damages hepatocytes and creates t... more BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B is a global health problem. The disease damages hepatocytes and creates tissue hypoxic condition. Hypoxia triggers production of several mediators such as hypoxic inducible factor (HIF)-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. The mediators act in liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. AIM: The objective of the study was to determine the difference in serum HIF-1α, VEGF, and TGF-β1 levels based on liver fibrosis severity in patients with chronic hepatitis B. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed in Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan, Indonesia, from January to July 2020. Subjects were chronic hepatitis B patients aged 18 years or older. Exclusion criteria were other chronic diseases, malignancies, or pregnancy. Liver fibrosis was determined using shear wave elastography and categorized as follow: F1, F2, F3, and F4. Serum HIF-1α, VEGF, and TGF-β1 levels were measured usi...

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 2021

Introduction. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is excessive fat build-up in the liver du... more Introduction. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is excessive fat build-up in the liver due to causes other than alcohol use. Aim. To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Liv.52 DS tablets in the management of NAFLD. Material and methods. Prospective, interventional clinical study conducted on 60 patients of both sex, aged between 18-65 years, confirmed with NAFLD from clinical examination, laboratory test, ultrasound findings and those willing to give informed consent. All patients received Liv.52 DS at a dose of 2 tablets twice daily for 2 months. All patients were evaluated at baseline, end of 1st month, and end of 2nd month for liver function tests, hepatomegaly by ultrasound, NAFLD Fibrosis Score, lipid profile, hematology and biochemical investigations. Results. Study data was analyzed with GraphPad Prism Software Version 6.07. Data of those patients who completed the study was considered for analysis. Significant improvement in hepatomegaly, liver enzymes was o...

International Journal of Research Publications

Medicinski glasnik : official publication of the Medical Association of Zenica-Doboj Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2020

Aim To determine the effect of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) petals in dextran sodium sulfate (DS... more Aim To determine the effect of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) petals in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis model by measuring pro-inflammatory cytokines expressions (IL-6, and TNF-α), anti-inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-10) and histological colitis inflammation score (HCIS). Methods This study was conducted in two phases. For the first phase, five DSS-induced colitis mice were sacrificed (group 1) and compared with six healthy mice (group 2) after five-cycle induction (70 days). For the second phase, roselle-treated DSS-induced colitis mice were sacrificed on day 7, 14, 21, and 28 after induction and compared with mesalazine-treated DSS-induced colitis mice. Expressions of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 were determined by immunohistochemistry and HCIS were assessed by two experienced pathologists. Results The expressions of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10, and HCIS in DSS-induced colitis mice were increased compared with control. The expressions of IL-6, TNF-α were significantly highe...

Page 1. DETEKSI DINI DAN PENATALAKSANAAN KANKER USUS BESAR Pidato Pengukuhan Jabatan Guru Besar T... more Page 1. DETEKSI DINI DAN PENATALAKSANAAN KANKER USUS BESAR Pidato Pengukuhan Jabatan Guru Besar Tetap dalam Bidang Ilmu Penyakit Dalam pada Fakultas Kedokteran, diucapkan di hadapan Rapat Terbuka Universitas Sumatera Utara ...

Background: Recent studies showed that Interleukin-8 (IL-8), activated cytokine immune response w... more Background: Recent studies showed that Interleukin-8 (IL-8), activated cytokine immune response which plays an important role in the development of acute and chronic gastritis. Harmless anti-inflammatory therapeutic alternatives have been proposed, for example, the consumption of Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz (chayote). Antioxidant (flavonoid) and cell regeneration (alkaloid) agents were found in chayote. This study aimed to determine the effect of chayote Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz extracts on the level of IL-8 in Wistar rats with aspirin- induced gastritis. Subjects and Method: This was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted at the laboratory of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sumatra Utara from January to February 2020. A total of 35 male Wistar rats was selected for this study and randomly allocated into 7 groups: (1) Negative control; (2) Positive control; (3) 100 mg/ kg BW chayote ethanol extract ; (4) 200 mg/kg BW chayote ethanol extract; (5) 100 mg/ kg BW ch...

Gut Pathogens, 2021

Background Even though the incidence of H. pylori infection among Malays in the Malay Peninsula i... more Background Even though the incidence of H. pylori infection among Malays in the Malay Peninsula is low, we observed a high H. pylori prevalence in Sumatra, which is the main residence of Indonesian Malays. H. pylori prevalence among Indonesian Malay descendants was investigated. Results Using a combination of five tests, 232 recruited participants were tested for H- pylori and participants were considered positive if at least one test positive. The results showed that the overall H. pylori prevalence was 17.2%. Participants were then categorized into Malay (Aceh, Malay, and Minang), Java (Javanese and Sundanese), Nias, and Bataknese groups. The prevalence of H. pylori was very low among the Malay group (2.8%) and no H. pylori was observed among the Aceh. Similarly, no H. pylori was observed among the Java group. However, the prevalence of H. pylori was high among the Bataknese (52.2%) and moderate among the Nias (6.1%). Multilocus sequence typing showed that H. pylori in Indonesian ...

Background: The incidence of gastritis in Southeast Asia is around 583,635 of the total populatio... more Background: The incidence of gastritis in Southeast Asia is around 583,635 of the total population each year. There are several features of histopathology of gastritis, namely chronic inflammation, acute inflammation, gastric mucosal atrophy, and metaplasia. The association between inflammation and hypoxia has been found since many years ago. Hypoxic Inducible Factor (HIF) is activated in response to hypoxia and inflammation. . In hypoxic conditions, there will be an increase in the production of HIF-1α. This study was conducted to determine the relationship of HIF-1α expression with gastritis degree, so that it can be known whether HIF-1α can be used as a parameter of the degree of gastric mucosa damage. Methods: The design of this study was a cross-sectional study with independent variables such as histopathological severity of gastritis (degree of lymphocyte infiltration, degree of neutrophil activity, degree of atrophy, and degree of intestinal metaplasia) and the dependent vari...

The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Digestive Endoscopy, 2014

Background: Chronic atrophic gastritis is a well-established precursor of gastric cancer. The dev... more Background: Chronic atrophic gastritis is a well-established precursor of gastric cancer. The development of atrophic chronic gastritis is multifactorial, involving the environment as well as host responses to the Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) infection. The aim of this study is to determine prevalence and risk factors of chronic atrophic gastritis. Method : The study was a cross sectional study on gastritis patients admitted to endoscopy units at Adam Malik General Hospital and Permata Bunda Hospital, Medan, from May-October 2014. A simple random sampling was performed to obtain 50 patients. Data concerning sociodemographic factors and H. pylori status were collected. H. pylori were considered positive from the positive results of the campylobacter like organism (CLO) test. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed using the SPSS 22 with 95% confidence interval. Bivariat analysis was performed using a Chi-square test. Results : Prevalence of chronic atrophic gastritis w...

International Journal of Research and Review, 2021

Mucosal damage in people with gastritis causes the production of VEGF. VEGF is a neoangiogenesis ... more Mucosal damage in people with gastritis causes the production of VEGF. VEGF is a neoangiogenesis function to repair damaged tissue. Excess production can cause cancer risk. VEGF genotype polymorphisms are thought to affect the production of serum VEGF levels. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between VEGF - 2578 C> A polymorphism and serum VEGF levels in H. pylori gastritis. Method: cross-sectional study was conducted at H. Adam Malik General Hospital and Network Hospital with 100 samples. Endoscopic examination was performed to assess the gastric mucosa and a tissue biopsy was performed. The urea breath test (UBT) test and the Campylobacter like organism (CLO) test to determine H. pylori infection. VEGF - 2578 C> A was checked by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The data will be analyzed by univariate and bivariate. Result: One hundred people with gastritis, of which 59 people were infected with H. pylori. In this study, H. pylori infection did not have ...

The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Digestive Endoscopy, 2013

Background: Non-invasive test have been constructed and evaluated mainly for binary diagnoses. Th... more Background: Non-invasive test have been constructed and evaluated mainly for binary diagnoses. The accuracy of non-invasive tests such as aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) and transient elastography/FibroScan should be evaluated especially in clinical practice. The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of detailed fibrosis classification available for APRI and FibroScan to liver biopsy in chronic hepatitis B patients. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in 51 patients with chronic hepatitis B. The patients underwent laboratory test, FibroScan and liver biopsy between April 2011 and July 2013 at Adam Malik Hospital, Medan. Liver biopsy was assessed based on the METAVIR score. Area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) predictive value was used to evaluate the accuracy of APRI and FibroScan. All data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results : APRI versus METAVIR diagnosed severe fibrosis and cirrhosis with sensitivity 40% and spe...

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences

Backgrounds: Coronavirus brought about by SARS-CoV-2 is a continuous worldwide pandemic. SARS-CoV... more Backgrounds: Coronavirus brought about by SARS-CoV-2 is a continuous worldwide pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 influences the human respiratory tracts’ epithelial cells, prompting a proinflammatory cytokine storm and ongoing lung inflammation. With various patients kicking the bucket day by day, an immunization and explicit antiviral medication regimens are being investigated. The choice to utilize this medication during the COVID-19 pandemic should be founded on cautious thought of the likely as preventive and curative in such context. Methods: A literature review changed into carried out through the PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, and Google Scholar search engines consist of probiotics preventive and management possibility in COVID-19. Results: The probiotics significantly affects the host insusceptible reaction, foundationally, and on invulnerable responses at close by mucosal locales, like the lung. Certain strains of probiotics have improved interferon type I levels, hoisting the number ...

Aim To investigate effect of bay leaf extract in endothelial integrity, observed by vascular endo... more Aim To investigate effect of bay leaf extract in endothelial integrity, observed by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level, VEGF and CD31 expression. Methods Thirty-two acute coronary syndrome surgery-induced Wistar Rats (Rattus novergicus) were divided into 16 bay leaf extract (treatment) groups and 16 control groups, sacrificed on day 1, 4, 7, and 14 after the induction. Serum VEGF level was determined by ELISA and expression of VEGFR-2 and CD31 were detected on immunohistochemistry. Results This study showed increased expression of serum VEGF level, and VEGFR-2 expression was found significantly on day 7 and 14 in the treatment group compared to the control group. CD31 expression was significantly different compared to the control groups on day 4, 7, and 14 of administration. Conclusion The potential effect of bay leaf extract on angiogenesis in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) as adjuvant for the treatment. Bay leaf extract has been shown to support angiogenesis and mainta...