Helen Goodluck - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Helen Goodluck
Research Journal of Microbiology, 2011
Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 2009
Objective: Prevalence, antibiotic patterns and plasmid profiles of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia... more Objective: Prevalence, antibiotic patterns and plasmid profiles of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) 0157:H7 from humans and environmental sources were studied at various seasons of the year in Nigeria. Methodology: Stool and environmental samples were obtained from Lagos and Zaria and characterized as EHEC 0157:H7 using the method of Cowan and serotyping. The isolates were further characterized using antibiotic susceptibility testing and plasmid profile. Results: Out of 132 stool samples, 42 (31.8%) of EHEC 0157:H7 were isolated between April to December 2004. These samples were from Lagos (Western Nigeria) and Zaria (Northern Nigeria). Thirty-three isolates were from Lagos while 9 were from Zaria. Out of 90 environmental samples, 11 (12.2%) were positive for EHEC 0157:H7. The highest number of isolates (13) was obtained during the month of December, the dry, harmattan and festive season. Most of the isolates from Zaria were resistant to ampicillin, nitrofurantoin and tetr...
Canjun Zeng,* Helen Goodluck,* Xuezhong Qin, Bo Liu, Subburaman Mohan, and Weirong Xing Musculosk... more Canjun Zeng,* Helen Goodluck,* Xuezhong Qin, Bo Liu, Subburaman Mohan, and Weirong Xing Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Loma Linda, California; Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California; Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital Of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Orthopedics, The Third Xiangya Hosptial, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
Journal of cellular biochemistry, Jan 22, 2018
Mice with disruption of Lrrk1 and patients with nonfunctional mutant Lrrk1 exhibit severe osteope... more Mice with disruption of Lrrk1 and patients with nonfunctional mutant Lrrk1 exhibit severe osteopetrosis phenotypes because of osteoclast cytoskeletal dysfunction. To understand how Lrrk1 regulates osteoclast function by modulating cytoskeleton rearrangement, we examined the proteins that are differentially phosphorylated in wild-type mice and Lrrk1-deficient osteoclasts by metal affinity purification coupled liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analyses. One of the candidates that we identified by LC/MS is L-plastin, an actin bundling protein. We found that phosphorylation of L-plastin at serine (Ser) residues 5 was present in wild-type osteoclasts but not in Lrrk1-deficient cells. Western blot analyses with antibodies specific for Ser5 phosphorylated L-plastin confirmed the reduced L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation in Lrrk1 knockout (KO) osteoclasts. micro computed tomography (Micro-CT) analyses revealed that the trabecular bone volume of the distal femur was increased by 2...
Bone research, 2017
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 1 (LRRK1) plays a critical role in regulating cytoskeletal organizatio... more Leucine-rich repeat kinase 1 (LRRK1) plays a critical role in regulating cytoskeletal organization, osteoclast activity, and bone resorption with little effect on bone formation parameters. Deficiency of Lrrk1 in mice causes a severe osteopetrosis in the metaphysis of the long bones and vertebrae bones, which makes LRRK1 an attractive alternative drug target for the treatment of osteoporosis and other high-turnover bone diseases. This review summarizes recent advances on the functions of the Lrrk1-related family members, Lrrk1 deficiency-induced skeletal phenotypes, LRRK1 structure-function, potential biological substrates and interacting proteins, and the mechanisms of LRRK1 action in osteoclasts.
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, Oct 6, 2016
Lrrk1 consists of ankyrin repeats (ANK), leucine-rich repeats (LRR), a GTPase-like domain of Roc ... more Lrrk1 consists of ankyrin repeats (ANK), leucine-rich repeats (LRR), a GTPase-like domain of Roc (ROC), a COR domain, a serine/threonine kinase domain (KD), and WD40 repeats (WD40). Previous studies have revealed that knockout (KO) of Lrrk1 in mice causes severe osteopetrosis, and a human mutation of Lrrk1 leads to osteosclerotic metaphyseal dysplasia. The molecular mechanism by which Lrrk1 regulates osteoclast function is unknown. In this study, we generated a series of Lrrk1 mutants and evaluated their ability to rescue defective bone resorption in Lrrk1 deficient osteoclasts using pit formation assays. Overexpression of Lrrk1 or LRR-truncated Lrrk1, but not ANK-truncated Lrrk1, WD40-truncated Lrrk1, Lrrk1-KD, or K651A mutant Lrrk1, rescued bone resorption function of Lrrk1 KO osteoclasts. We next examined if RAC1/Cdc42 small GTPases are direct substrates of Lrrk1 in osteoclasts. Western blot and Pull-down assays revealed that Lrrk1 deficiency in osteoclasts resulted in reduced ph...
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, May 29, 2016
Thyroid hormone (TH) action is mediated through two nuclear TH receptors, THRα and THRβ. While th... more Thyroid hormone (TH) action is mediated through two nuclear TH receptors, THRα and THRβ. While the role of THRα is well established in bone, less is known about the relevance of THRβ-mediated signaling in bone development. Based on our recent finding that TH signaling is essential for initiation and formation of secondary ossification center (SOC), we evaluated the role of THRs in mediating TH effects on epiphyseal bone formation. Two day treatment of TH deficient Tshr(-/-)mice with TH increased THRβ1 mRNA level at day 7 by 3.4 fold but had no effect on THRα1 mRNA level at the proximal tibia epiphysis. Treatment of serum-free cultures of tibias from 3-day old mice with T3 increased THRβ1 expression by 2.1 and 13-fold, respectively, at 24 and 72 h. Ten days treatment of Tshr(-/-)newborns (day 5-14) with THRβ1 agonist, GC1 at 0.2 or 2.0 µg/day increased BV/TV at day 21 by 225% and 263%, respectively, compared to vehicle treatment. Two day treatment with GC1 (0.2 µg/day) increased expr...
Avian diseases, 2015
Single swabs (cultured individually) are currently used in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)... more Single swabs (cultured individually) are currently used in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) official method for sampling the environment of commercial laying hens for the detection of Salmonella enterica ssp. serovar Enteritidis (Salmonella Enteritidis). The FDA has also granted provisional acceptance of the National Poultry Improvement Plan's (NPIP) Salmonella isolation and identification methodology for samples taken from table-egg layer flock environments. The NPIP method, as with the FDA method, requires single-swab culturing for the environmental sampling of laying houses for Salmonella Enteritidis. The FDA culture protocol requires a multistep culture enrichment broth, and it is more labor intensive than the NPIP culture protocol, which requires a single enrichment broth. The main objective of this study was to compare the FDA single-swab culturing protocol with that of the NPIP culturing protocol but using a four-swab pool scheme. Single and multilaboratory testing ...
The West Indian medical journal, 2011
This study was carried out to screen the use of Helicobacter pylori stool antigen (HpSA) tests fo... more This study was carried out to screen the use of Helicobacter pylori stool antigen (HpSA) tests for diagnosis and monitoring of H pylori in Nigeria. Seven hundred and forty participants were enrolled after informed consent was obtained, while 83 came back for a post-eradication test. The stool samples were taken from the patients at endoscopy and tested for HpSA. The proportion of patients that were positive at the pretest, 520 (70.3%) was significantly higher (Fisher's exact p = 0.001) than those positive at the post-test, 44 (53%). There was a significant difference (F = 4.106, p = 0.043) between the mean age of those that came for the pretest (40.0 +/- 14.5 years) and those that came for the post-test, 43.6 +/- 11.6 years. More males than females had the tendency to come back for a post-eradication test. Although potential bias was introduced during this study, HpSA using monoclonal antibody could still be used for diagnosis and monitoring of H pylori in Nigeria.
International journal of molecular epidemiology and genetics, 2011
A total of 61 isolates of Salmonella spp (made up of 26 clinical isolates and 20 food handler and... more A total of 61 isolates of Salmonella spp (made up of 26 clinical isolates and 20 food handler and 15 animal isolates) were typed by RAPD-PCR for the purpose of screening for epidemiologically related isolates. The RAPD -PCR typing method used comprised six primers namely 787, 797, 784, 1254, RAPD 1 and RAPD 2 but 784 and 1254 did not produce discriminatory patterns and so were dropped. From the 61 strains, RAPD fingerprinting with primers RAPD 1, 2 produced 22 and 24 fingerprint patterns respectively. RAPD fingerprinting with primers 787, 797 produced 17, 11 fingerprinting patterns respectively. Combinations of the two RAPD 1 and 2 primers increased the discrimination of Salmonella strains to 32 patterns rather than the other primers used. Primer 797 was the least discriminatory. This study showed that the RAPD 1 and 2 primers would be useful for epidemiological typing of the Salmonella spp in Nigeria.
British journal of biomedical science, 2008
species by humans may continuelong after clinical cure. Approximately 5% of patients curedof typh... more species by humans may continuelong after clinical cure. Approximately 5% of patients curedof typhoid fever remain carriers for months or even years.Antibiotics are usually ineffective in eradicating carriage(even if the organism is susceptible) because the site ofcarriage may not allow penetration by the antibioticagent.
Tropical gastroenterology : official journal of the Digestive Diseases Foundation
... Stella I. Smith, Emmanuel A. Omonigbehin, Helen A. Goodluck, Fatimah B. Abdulkareem 2 , Charl... more ... Stella I. Smith, Emmanuel A. Omonigbehin, Helen A. Goodluck, Fatimah B. Abdulkareem 2 , Charles A. Onyekwere 3 , Chimere Agomo 4 , Dennis A. Ndububa 5 , Muinah A. Fowora, Jesse A. Otegbayo 6 , Monica Contreras 7 , Rainer Haas 8 ... 3. Graham KS and Graham DY. ...
Sierra Leone Journal of Biomedical Research, 2011
Laboratory diagnosis of Chlamydia and vaginitis in sexually active females has been limited by un... more Laboratory diagnosis of Chlamydia and vaginitis in sexually active females has been limited by unavailability of a sequential method/rapid technique for simple diagnosis. Six hundred (600) adult females from hotel/brothel, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Clinic, Obstetrics/Gynaecology Clinic, Family Planning Clinic and Healthy controls were investigated for Chlamydia, Candida, trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis (BV). This was done using microscopy: wet mount, stained vaginal secretion and stained smear after culture. Results showed that there were 72% infections in the female groups. The brothel and STI group had infection in the range (70-86%). Chlamydial infection was highest in the STI group while Candida infection was highest in the healthy (control) females. Bacterial vaginosis was distributed in all groups. As pvalue increased, f-value increased indicating constant co-infection of Candida and BV in Chlamydia positive females. Microscopy by direct detection from sample and stained smear after culture were in the range: 56-86%. Direct microscopy for BV was 78.5% and stained smear after culture, 57.1%. Sensitivity and specificity of the techniques showed that detection of Chlamydia was less sensitive by direct microscopy of sample but sensitivity and specificity of stained smear after culture were high. Immunoassay (32.2%) was also less sensitive. Sensitivity and specificity of wet mount microscopy for Candida, Trichomoniasis and BV were in the range 62.5-80% and 62.5-97.8% respectively. Wet mount has high sensitivity and specificity for detecting agents of vaginitis and may be useful for routine use and for diagnosis where disease is absent, thus, making identification more cost effective.
Metal Ions in Life Sciences, 2012
Bacteria depend upon iron as a vital cofactor that enables a wide range of key metabolic activiti... more Bacteria depend upon iron as a vital cofactor that enables a wide range of key metabolic activities. Bacteria must therefore ensure a balanced supply of this essential metal. To do so, they invest considerable resourse into its acquisition and employ elaborate control mechanisms to eleviate both iron-induced toxitiy as well as iron deficiency. This chapter describes the processes that bacteria engage in maintaining iron homeostasis. The focus is Escherichia coli, as this bacterium provides a well studied example. A summary of the current status of understanding of iron management at the 'omics' level is also presented.
The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2011
Introduction: There is an urgent need for affordable point-of-care diagnostics for the differenti... more Introduction: There is an urgent need for affordable point-of-care diagnostics for the differentiation of febrile illnesses and the confirmation of typhoid in endemic countries. Methodology: Blood samples were collected from febrile patients with clinical suspicion of typhoid and screened for typhoid fever using the Widal and Typhi Dri Dot tests, while stool and blood samples were screened for Salmonella Typhi using the culture method as well as PCR as a confirmatory test. Results: A high proportion of febrile patients from Lagos with clinical suspicion of typhoid fever reacted positively in a simple and rapid latex agglutination assay for typhoid fever, indicating that this illness is a common and presumably under-diagnosed health problem in this metropolis. Seropositivity was 19.2% in the rapid test compared with 22.9% in the classical Widal test. The confirmation of typhoid in these seropositive patients appeared cumbersome because of negative blood cultures and low DNA yield in ...
Sierra Leone Journal of …, 2011
Laboratory diagnosis of Chlamydia and vaginitis in sexually active females has been limited by un... more Laboratory diagnosis of Chlamydia and vaginitis in sexually active females has been limited by unavailability of a sequential method/rapid technique for simple diagnosis. Six hundred (600) adult females from hotel/brothel, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Clinic, Obstetrics/Gynaecology Clinic, Family Planning Clinic and Healthy controls were investigated for Chlamydia, Candida, trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis (BV). This was done using microscopy: wet mount, stained vaginal secretion and stained smear after culture. Results showed that there were 72% infections in the female groups. The brothel and STI group had infection in the range (70-86%). Chlamydial infection was highest in the STI group while Candida infection was highest in the healthy (control) females. Bacterial vaginosis was distributed in all groups. As pvalue increased, f-value increased indicating constant co-infection of Candida and BV in Chlamydia positive females. Microscopy by direct detection from sample and stained smear after culture were in the range: 56-86%. Direct microscopy for BV was 78.5% and stained smear after culture, 57.1%. Sensitivity and specificity of the techniques showed that detection of Chlamydia was less sensitive by direct microscopy of sample but sensitivity and specificity of stained smear after culture were high. Immunoassay (32.2%) was also less sensitive. Sensitivity and specificity of wet mount microscopy for Candida, Trichomoniasis and BV were in the range 62.5-80% and 62.5-97.8% respectively. Wet mount has high sensitivity and specificity for detecting agents of vaginitis and may be useful for routine use and for diagnosis where disease is absent, thus, making identification more cost effective.
The Journal of Infection …, 2011
Introduction: There is an urgent need for affordable point-of-care diagnostics for the differenti... more Introduction: There is an urgent need for affordable point-of-care diagnostics for the differentiation of febrile illnesses and the confirmation of typhoid in endemic countries. Methodology: Blood samples were collected from febrile patients with clinical suspicion of typhoid and screened for typhoid fever using the Widal and Typhi Dri Dot tests, while stool and blood samples were screened for Salmonella Typhi using the culture method as well as PCR as a confirmatory test. Results: A high proportion of febrile patients from Lagos with clinical suspicion of typhoid fever reacted positively in a simple and rapid latex agglutination assay for typhoid fever, indicating that this illness is a common and presumably under-diagnosed health problem in this metropolis. Seropositivity was 19.2% in the rapid test compared with 22.9% in the classical Widal test. The confirmation of typhoid in these seropositive patients appeared cumbersome because of negative blood cultures and low DNA yield in molecular testing. A review of the literature revealed that in Nigeria seroprevalence rates can be high in the normal population and that pathogens other than S. Typhi are often isolated from the blood of seropositive febrile patients. Conclusion: The simplicity and the relatively high specificity (97.8%) of the rapid test as determined in a study performed in Indonesia calls for a further validation of this promising test for use in Africa.
Tropical …, 2010
... Stella I. Smith, Emmanuel A. Omonigbehin, Helen A. Goodluck, Fatimah B. Abdulkareem 2 , Charl... more ... Stella I. Smith, Emmanuel A. Omonigbehin, Helen A. Goodluck, Fatimah B. Abdulkareem 2 , Charles A. Onyekwere 3 , Chimere Agomo 4 , Dennis A. Ndububa 5 , Muinah A. Fowora, Jesse A. Otegbayo 6 , Monica Contreras 7 , Rainer Haas 8 ... 3. Graham KS and Graham DY. ...
Research Journal of Microbiology, 2011
Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 2009
Objective: Prevalence, antibiotic patterns and plasmid profiles of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia... more Objective: Prevalence, antibiotic patterns and plasmid profiles of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) 0157:H7 from humans and environmental sources were studied at various seasons of the year in Nigeria. Methodology: Stool and environmental samples were obtained from Lagos and Zaria and characterized as EHEC 0157:H7 using the method of Cowan and serotyping. The isolates were further characterized using antibiotic susceptibility testing and plasmid profile. Results: Out of 132 stool samples, 42 (31.8%) of EHEC 0157:H7 were isolated between April to December 2004. These samples were from Lagos (Western Nigeria) and Zaria (Northern Nigeria). Thirty-three isolates were from Lagos while 9 were from Zaria. Out of 90 environmental samples, 11 (12.2%) were positive for EHEC 0157:H7. The highest number of isolates (13) was obtained during the month of December, the dry, harmattan and festive season. Most of the isolates from Zaria were resistant to ampicillin, nitrofurantoin and tetr...
Canjun Zeng,* Helen Goodluck,* Xuezhong Qin, Bo Liu, Subburaman Mohan, and Weirong Xing Musculosk... more Canjun Zeng,* Helen Goodluck,* Xuezhong Qin, Bo Liu, Subburaman Mohan, and Weirong Xing Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Loma Linda, California; Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California; Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital Of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Orthopedics, The Third Xiangya Hosptial, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
Journal of cellular biochemistry, Jan 22, 2018
Mice with disruption of Lrrk1 and patients with nonfunctional mutant Lrrk1 exhibit severe osteope... more Mice with disruption of Lrrk1 and patients with nonfunctional mutant Lrrk1 exhibit severe osteopetrosis phenotypes because of osteoclast cytoskeletal dysfunction. To understand how Lrrk1 regulates osteoclast function by modulating cytoskeleton rearrangement, we examined the proteins that are differentially phosphorylated in wild-type mice and Lrrk1-deficient osteoclasts by metal affinity purification coupled liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analyses. One of the candidates that we identified by LC/MS is L-plastin, an actin bundling protein. We found that phosphorylation of L-plastin at serine (Ser) residues 5 was present in wild-type osteoclasts but not in Lrrk1-deficient cells. Western blot analyses with antibodies specific for Ser5 phosphorylated L-plastin confirmed the reduced L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation in Lrrk1 knockout (KO) osteoclasts. micro computed tomography (Micro-CT) analyses revealed that the trabecular bone volume of the distal femur was increased by 2...
Bone research, 2017
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 1 (LRRK1) plays a critical role in regulating cytoskeletal organizatio... more Leucine-rich repeat kinase 1 (LRRK1) plays a critical role in regulating cytoskeletal organization, osteoclast activity, and bone resorption with little effect on bone formation parameters. Deficiency of Lrrk1 in mice causes a severe osteopetrosis in the metaphysis of the long bones and vertebrae bones, which makes LRRK1 an attractive alternative drug target for the treatment of osteoporosis and other high-turnover bone diseases. This review summarizes recent advances on the functions of the Lrrk1-related family members, Lrrk1 deficiency-induced skeletal phenotypes, LRRK1 structure-function, potential biological substrates and interacting proteins, and the mechanisms of LRRK1 action in osteoclasts.
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, Oct 6, 2016
Lrrk1 consists of ankyrin repeats (ANK), leucine-rich repeats (LRR), a GTPase-like domain of Roc ... more Lrrk1 consists of ankyrin repeats (ANK), leucine-rich repeats (LRR), a GTPase-like domain of Roc (ROC), a COR domain, a serine/threonine kinase domain (KD), and WD40 repeats (WD40). Previous studies have revealed that knockout (KO) of Lrrk1 in mice causes severe osteopetrosis, and a human mutation of Lrrk1 leads to osteosclerotic metaphyseal dysplasia. The molecular mechanism by which Lrrk1 regulates osteoclast function is unknown. In this study, we generated a series of Lrrk1 mutants and evaluated their ability to rescue defective bone resorption in Lrrk1 deficient osteoclasts using pit formation assays. Overexpression of Lrrk1 or LRR-truncated Lrrk1, but not ANK-truncated Lrrk1, WD40-truncated Lrrk1, Lrrk1-KD, or K651A mutant Lrrk1, rescued bone resorption function of Lrrk1 KO osteoclasts. We next examined if RAC1/Cdc42 small GTPases are direct substrates of Lrrk1 in osteoclasts. Western blot and Pull-down assays revealed that Lrrk1 deficiency in osteoclasts resulted in reduced ph...
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, May 29, 2016
Thyroid hormone (TH) action is mediated through two nuclear TH receptors, THRα and THRβ. While th... more Thyroid hormone (TH) action is mediated through two nuclear TH receptors, THRα and THRβ. While the role of THRα is well established in bone, less is known about the relevance of THRβ-mediated signaling in bone development. Based on our recent finding that TH signaling is essential for initiation and formation of secondary ossification center (SOC), we evaluated the role of THRs in mediating TH effects on epiphyseal bone formation. Two day treatment of TH deficient Tshr(-/-)mice with TH increased THRβ1 mRNA level at day 7 by 3.4 fold but had no effect on THRα1 mRNA level at the proximal tibia epiphysis. Treatment of serum-free cultures of tibias from 3-day old mice with T3 increased THRβ1 expression by 2.1 and 13-fold, respectively, at 24 and 72 h. Ten days treatment of Tshr(-/-)newborns (day 5-14) with THRβ1 agonist, GC1 at 0.2 or 2.0 µg/day increased BV/TV at day 21 by 225% and 263%, respectively, compared to vehicle treatment. Two day treatment with GC1 (0.2 µg/day) increased expr...
Avian diseases, 2015
Single swabs (cultured individually) are currently used in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)... more Single swabs (cultured individually) are currently used in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) official method for sampling the environment of commercial laying hens for the detection of Salmonella enterica ssp. serovar Enteritidis (Salmonella Enteritidis). The FDA has also granted provisional acceptance of the National Poultry Improvement Plan's (NPIP) Salmonella isolation and identification methodology for samples taken from table-egg layer flock environments. The NPIP method, as with the FDA method, requires single-swab culturing for the environmental sampling of laying houses for Salmonella Enteritidis. The FDA culture protocol requires a multistep culture enrichment broth, and it is more labor intensive than the NPIP culture protocol, which requires a single enrichment broth. The main objective of this study was to compare the FDA single-swab culturing protocol with that of the NPIP culturing protocol but using a four-swab pool scheme. Single and multilaboratory testing ...
The West Indian medical journal, 2011
This study was carried out to screen the use of Helicobacter pylori stool antigen (HpSA) tests fo... more This study was carried out to screen the use of Helicobacter pylori stool antigen (HpSA) tests for diagnosis and monitoring of H pylori in Nigeria. Seven hundred and forty participants were enrolled after informed consent was obtained, while 83 came back for a post-eradication test. The stool samples were taken from the patients at endoscopy and tested for HpSA. The proportion of patients that were positive at the pretest, 520 (70.3%) was significantly higher (Fisher's exact p = 0.001) than those positive at the post-test, 44 (53%). There was a significant difference (F = 4.106, p = 0.043) between the mean age of those that came for the pretest (40.0 +/- 14.5 years) and those that came for the post-test, 43.6 +/- 11.6 years. More males than females had the tendency to come back for a post-eradication test. Although potential bias was introduced during this study, HpSA using monoclonal antibody could still be used for diagnosis and monitoring of H pylori in Nigeria.
International journal of molecular epidemiology and genetics, 2011
A total of 61 isolates of Salmonella spp (made up of 26 clinical isolates and 20 food handler and... more A total of 61 isolates of Salmonella spp (made up of 26 clinical isolates and 20 food handler and 15 animal isolates) were typed by RAPD-PCR for the purpose of screening for epidemiologically related isolates. The RAPD -PCR typing method used comprised six primers namely 787, 797, 784, 1254, RAPD 1 and RAPD 2 but 784 and 1254 did not produce discriminatory patterns and so were dropped. From the 61 strains, RAPD fingerprinting with primers RAPD 1, 2 produced 22 and 24 fingerprint patterns respectively. RAPD fingerprinting with primers 787, 797 produced 17, 11 fingerprinting patterns respectively. Combinations of the two RAPD 1 and 2 primers increased the discrimination of Salmonella strains to 32 patterns rather than the other primers used. Primer 797 was the least discriminatory. This study showed that the RAPD 1 and 2 primers would be useful for epidemiological typing of the Salmonella spp in Nigeria.
British journal of biomedical science, 2008
species by humans may continuelong after clinical cure. Approximately 5% of patients curedof typh... more species by humans may continuelong after clinical cure. Approximately 5% of patients curedof typhoid fever remain carriers for months or even years.Antibiotics are usually ineffective in eradicating carriage(even if the organism is susceptible) because the site ofcarriage may not allow penetration by the antibioticagent.
Tropical gastroenterology : official journal of the Digestive Diseases Foundation
... Stella I. Smith, Emmanuel A. Omonigbehin, Helen A. Goodluck, Fatimah B. Abdulkareem 2 , Charl... more ... Stella I. Smith, Emmanuel A. Omonigbehin, Helen A. Goodluck, Fatimah B. Abdulkareem 2 , Charles A. Onyekwere 3 , Chimere Agomo 4 , Dennis A. Ndububa 5 , Muinah A. Fowora, Jesse A. Otegbayo 6 , Monica Contreras 7 , Rainer Haas 8 ... 3. Graham KS and Graham DY. ...
Sierra Leone Journal of Biomedical Research, 2011
Laboratory diagnosis of Chlamydia and vaginitis in sexually active females has been limited by un... more Laboratory diagnosis of Chlamydia and vaginitis in sexually active females has been limited by unavailability of a sequential method/rapid technique for simple diagnosis. Six hundred (600) adult females from hotel/brothel, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Clinic, Obstetrics/Gynaecology Clinic, Family Planning Clinic and Healthy controls were investigated for Chlamydia, Candida, trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis (BV). This was done using microscopy: wet mount, stained vaginal secretion and stained smear after culture. Results showed that there were 72% infections in the female groups. The brothel and STI group had infection in the range (70-86%). Chlamydial infection was highest in the STI group while Candida infection was highest in the healthy (control) females. Bacterial vaginosis was distributed in all groups. As pvalue increased, f-value increased indicating constant co-infection of Candida and BV in Chlamydia positive females. Microscopy by direct detection from sample and stained smear after culture were in the range: 56-86%. Direct microscopy for BV was 78.5% and stained smear after culture, 57.1%. Sensitivity and specificity of the techniques showed that detection of Chlamydia was less sensitive by direct microscopy of sample but sensitivity and specificity of stained smear after culture were high. Immunoassay (32.2%) was also less sensitive. Sensitivity and specificity of wet mount microscopy for Candida, Trichomoniasis and BV were in the range 62.5-80% and 62.5-97.8% respectively. Wet mount has high sensitivity and specificity for detecting agents of vaginitis and may be useful for routine use and for diagnosis where disease is absent, thus, making identification more cost effective.
Metal Ions in Life Sciences, 2012
Bacteria depend upon iron as a vital cofactor that enables a wide range of key metabolic activiti... more Bacteria depend upon iron as a vital cofactor that enables a wide range of key metabolic activities. Bacteria must therefore ensure a balanced supply of this essential metal. To do so, they invest considerable resourse into its acquisition and employ elaborate control mechanisms to eleviate both iron-induced toxitiy as well as iron deficiency. This chapter describes the processes that bacteria engage in maintaining iron homeostasis. The focus is Escherichia coli, as this bacterium provides a well studied example. A summary of the current status of understanding of iron management at the 'omics' level is also presented.
The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2011
Introduction: There is an urgent need for affordable point-of-care diagnostics for the differenti... more Introduction: There is an urgent need for affordable point-of-care diagnostics for the differentiation of febrile illnesses and the confirmation of typhoid in endemic countries. Methodology: Blood samples were collected from febrile patients with clinical suspicion of typhoid and screened for typhoid fever using the Widal and Typhi Dri Dot tests, while stool and blood samples were screened for Salmonella Typhi using the culture method as well as PCR as a confirmatory test. Results: A high proportion of febrile patients from Lagos with clinical suspicion of typhoid fever reacted positively in a simple and rapid latex agglutination assay for typhoid fever, indicating that this illness is a common and presumably under-diagnosed health problem in this metropolis. Seropositivity was 19.2% in the rapid test compared with 22.9% in the classical Widal test. The confirmation of typhoid in these seropositive patients appeared cumbersome because of negative blood cultures and low DNA yield in ...
Sierra Leone Journal of …, 2011
Laboratory diagnosis of Chlamydia and vaginitis in sexually active females has been limited by un... more Laboratory diagnosis of Chlamydia and vaginitis in sexually active females has been limited by unavailability of a sequential method/rapid technique for simple diagnosis. Six hundred (600) adult females from hotel/brothel, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Clinic, Obstetrics/Gynaecology Clinic, Family Planning Clinic and Healthy controls were investigated for Chlamydia, Candida, trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis (BV). This was done using microscopy: wet mount, stained vaginal secretion and stained smear after culture. Results showed that there were 72% infections in the female groups. The brothel and STI group had infection in the range (70-86%). Chlamydial infection was highest in the STI group while Candida infection was highest in the healthy (control) females. Bacterial vaginosis was distributed in all groups. As pvalue increased, f-value increased indicating constant co-infection of Candida and BV in Chlamydia positive females. Microscopy by direct detection from sample and stained smear after culture were in the range: 56-86%. Direct microscopy for BV was 78.5% and stained smear after culture, 57.1%. Sensitivity and specificity of the techniques showed that detection of Chlamydia was less sensitive by direct microscopy of sample but sensitivity and specificity of stained smear after culture were high. Immunoassay (32.2%) was also less sensitive. Sensitivity and specificity of wet mount microscopy for Candida, Trichomoniasis and BV were in the range 62.5-80% and 62.5-97.8% respectively. Wet mount has high sensitivity and specificity for detecting agents of vaginitis and may be useful for routine use and for diagnosis where disease is absent, thus, making identification more cost effective.
The Journal of Infection …, 2011
Introduction: There is an urgent need for affordable point-of-care diagnostics for the differenti... more Introduction: There is an urgent need for affordable point-of-care diagnostics for the differentiation of febrile illnesses and the confirmation of typhoid in endemic countries. Methodology: Blood samples were collected from febrile patients with clinical suspicion of typhoid and screened for typhoid fever using the Widal and Typhi Dri Dot tests, while stool and blood samples were screened for Salmonella Typhi using the culture method as well as PCR as a confirmatory test. Results: A high proportion of febrile patients from Lagos with clinical suspicion of typhoid fever reacted positively in a simple and rapid latex agglutination assay for typhoid fever, indicating that this illness is a common and presumably under-diagnosed health problem in this metropolis. Seropositivity was 19.2% in the rapid test compared with 22.9% in the classical Widal test. The confirmation of typhoid in these seropositive patients appeared cumbersome because of negative blood cultures and low DNA yield in molecular testing. A review of the literature revealed that in Nigeria seroprevalence rates can be high in the normal population and that pathogens other than S. Typhi are often isolated from the blood of seropositive febrile patients. Conclusion: The simplicity and the relatively high specificity (97.8%) of the rapid test as determined in a study performed in Indonesia calls for a further validation of this promising test for use in Africa.
Tropical …, 2010
... Stella I. Smith, Emmanuel A. Omonigbehin, Helen A. Goodluck, Fatimah B. Abdulkareem 2 , Charl... more ... Stella I. Smith, Emmanuel A. Omonigbehin, Helen A. Goodluck, Fatimah B. Abdulkareem 2 , Charles A. Onyekwere 3 , Chimere Agomo 4 , Dennis A. Ndububa 5 , Muinah A. Fowora, Jesse A. Otegbayo 6 , Monica Contreras 7 , Rainer Haas 8 ... 3. Graham KS and Graham DY. ...