Gouda Abdel-Khalek - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Gouda Abdel-Khalek
Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Aug 28, 2001
Awraq: Estudios sobre el mundo árabe e islámico contemporáneo, 2017
espanolEl modelo de politica economica neoliberal se centra en el crecimiento rapido, asumiendo q... more espanolEl modelo de politica economica neoliberal se centra en el crecimiento rapido, asumiendo que los beneficios del crecimiento llegaran por goteo hasta los estratos mas amplios de la poblacion. En realidad, en lugar de filtrarse poco a poco, este modelo ha generado una caida en forma de desempleo masivo, amplia desigualdad y pobreza en aumento. Las RSS se han ampliado para responder a dicha caida. Echando mano de la propia experiencia de Egipto durante los ultimos 10-15 anos, destacamos la necesidad de evitar una caida economica y social (desempleo, desigualdad y pobreza). Esto es mas factible si se incorpora al proceso de formulacion de politicas la justicia social, como demuestra la experiencia del autor como ministro de 2010 a 2012. EnglishThe neoliberal economic policy model focuses on fast growth, assuming that the benefits of growth will trickle down to the broader strata of the population. Actually, instead of trickle-down such model generated a fall-out in the form of massive unemployment, large inequality, and increasing poverty. Social safety nets (SSNs) were expanded to deal with the fall-out. Drawing on Egypt's own experience over the past 10-15 years, we stress the need to avoid the economic and social fall-out (unemployment, inequality and poverty). This is better done if social justice is factored into the process of policy making, as shown by the author's experience as a minister during 2010-2012.
Topics in Middle Eastern andNorth African Economies, 2014
This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals and Magazines at Loyola e... more This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals and Magazines at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact
The American University in Cairo Press eBooks, Nov 29, 2022
Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Aug 28, 2001
Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Aug 28, 2001
Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Aug 28, 2001
Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Aug 28, 2001
Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Aug 28, 2001
Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Aug 28, 2001
Social Problems, Apr 1, 1981
The argument here is that infitah is not a forcing open of a previously closed economy, but a res... more The argument here is that infitah is not a forcing open of a previously closed economy, but a restructuring of its economic relations. Egypt is not simply looking outside but, rather, turning northwest toward the United States and Europe. Internal evidence of this new orientation ...
Energy Economics, 1988
... He would also like to thank Mr Mostafa Mahdi and Ms Somaia Abou El Fotouh for assisting with ... more ... He would also like to thank Mr Mostafa Mahdi and Ms Somaia Abou El Fotouh for assisting with computer work and Ms Ghada Shuman for ... 22 Abdelmohsen AG Ibrahim, Highlighting the Main Features of Egypt's Petroleum Sector Plans, TAP Report 831, September 1982. ...
Journal of Developing Societies, Oct 1, 2007
This article assesses the impact of the fast economic growth and expansion of China on the Middle... more This article assesses the impact of the fast economic growth and expansion of China on the Middle East. It examines the evolution of the profi le of the Middle East during 1995-2004 in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth, energy resources and potential, commodity structure of the foreign trade of the Middle East, its main trade partners and China's role in the international trade of the region. The importance of the Middle East for China's economy from 1995 to 2004 is discussed, including trade in goods and services, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and supplies of energy and raw materials. Trade competition and/or collaboration between the Middle East and China, especially since the accession of China to the World Trade Organization (WTO), are also considered. Finally, China's impact on the Middle East is analysed by looking into trade, capital fl ows, labour fl ows, energy and raw materials and competition in the domestic and international markets with respect to goods and services. Indirect effects of China as a global player on the Middle East may also play a role, mainly through the big player in the Middle East: the United States.
Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Aug 28, 2001
Review of Economic and Political Science, Nov 6, 2019
Purpose-The relationship between military expenditure and economic growth is complex. The purpose... more Purpose-The relationship between military expenditure and economic growth is complex. The purpose of this paper is to examine this relationship in India. Design/methodology/approach-The design of this study is descriptive in the theoretical part, and quantitative in the applied one. The study uses time series approach, and Hendry General-to-Specific (GTS) modeling methodology, to examine and analyze the relationship between military expenditure and economic growth in India, during the period 1980-2016. Findings-The study shows the following: Absence of causal relationship between military expenditure and economic growth in India, during indicated period. The continuous regional tensions facing India represent the main factor for adopting Indian military strategy and emphasizing military capabilities. India has been able to build and develop links between civilian and military sectors. The Indian military scientific and manufacturing policies have achieved self-sufficiency in some of its military needs, a strong military industrial base and high levels of military exports. India participated with developed countries in military strategic industries. Such participation contributed to the integration of civilian and military sectors. India gave rights to private sector and foreign direct investment (FDI) for manufacturing in military industries, giving full marketing rights to the Indian government. These new policies considered a great move toward deep changes for Indian military manufacturing policy. Social implications-The findings shed light on the importance of stimulating links between civilian and military sectors, particularly in the industrial sectors and scientific activities. Originality/value-This study has a contribution to literature of military expenditures' economic effects. Theoretically, this study tries to fill the research gap regarding the impact of military expenditure in Indian case. Furthermore, to the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that examines the relationship between military expenditure and economic growth in India using Hendry general-to-specific (GTS) modeling methodology and time series approach.
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2011
Despite relatively positive economic performance in the years prior to the global economic and fi... more Despite relatively positive economic performance in the years prior to the global economic and financial crisis, countries in the Mediterranean basin face important employment and labour market challenges. The unemployment rate especially amongst youth is one of the highest in the world and their labour markets are characterized by high incidence of underemployment, employment in the informal economy and poor working conditions. The gender gap, particularly the low labour force participation of women, is a major challenge. Limited opportunities for productive employment together with more demand for labour in European countries have resulted in labour migration from East and South Mediterranean countries towards the Northern shore of the Mediterranean. The recent global economic and financial crisis led to economic downturn at varying degree in different countries, however, it shed light on the structural challenges of unemployment, poverty and inequality. In the current political, economic and social context giving effect to the ILO Global Jobs Pact adopted in the 98th Session of the International Labour Conference (June 2009) is of paramount in order to promote productive employment and decent work in these countries. The promotion of productive employment and decent work is high on the agenda of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership and is an utmost priority in the countries of the region. At the first Euro-Mediterranean Employment and Labour Ministers Conference in 2008 Ministers highlighted the urgency of challenges relating to employment, investment in human capital, and decent work for all and committed themselves to a Framework of Actions which would "contribute to developing a genuine social dimension within the Euro-Med agenda". The European Union has long actively supported the uptake of decent work as a global goal. As part of the Renewed Social Agenda the European Commission has "reaffirmed its commitment to promoting the internationally-agreed Decent Work Agenda, including through cooperation with the ILO and other partners, and the mobilisation of all relevant policies". Furthermore, cooperation to enhance the response to the economic crisis has been recently intensified between both institutions. Against this backdrop, the International Labour Office (ILO) and the European Commission (EC Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities) developed a joint action oriented research project on "Expanding the knowledge base on decent work in Mediterranean countries." The research undertaken focused on three main themes: 1) economic growth and employment; 2) labour market policies and 3) labour migration. The findings from the research are of great interest for policymakers as well as researchers and are reproduced in a series of working papers. They open up new avenues for research under future programmes. This synthesis report, written by Gouda Abdel-Khalek, Professor of Economics of the Faculty of Economics of Cairo University, analyzes the nature of growth, economic policies and employment as well as its linkages in four Middle East and North African countries: Egypt, Israel, Morocco and Turkey taking into account the pervasive effects of the global economic and financial crisis. The first part of the report describes the overall trends in growth and employment and the main macroeconomic frameworks of the four countries. The second section provides an overview of the main employment and labour market outcomes. The third section is devoted to the growth employment and poverty nexus. It includes an analysis of the productivity-growth nexus as well as the growthvi employment elasticities in the four countries. Section five reviews the impact of the global financial and economic crisis in the economies and labour markets of the four countries. The last section is devoted to policy recommendations that can contribute to enhance the employment content of economic growth. The report largely draws on the findings of five "country reports", namely:
Social Science Research Network, 2003
The literature on globalizationon has rapidly mushroomed over the past 10 years. Public fora conc... more The literature on globalizationon has rapidly mushroomed over the past 10 years. Public fora concerned with the issue span the whole spectrum between the World Economic Forum in Davos and the World Social Forum in Porto Allegro. Anti-globalization movements are to be found almost everywhere around the globe-both North and South. 1 This indicates clearly that globalization has come to be a very controversial categorywith many who are solidly for it, and those who strongly, sometimes even violently, oppose it. We are not concerned here with public (popular) action related to globalization. Our interest is rather in the globalization discourse: making a contribution to the debate by emphasizing some aspects of the view of the South on the issue-with special emphasis on financial globalization and its implications for financial crises. We shall argue that the increased use of derivatives, particularly through over the counter trading and offshore financial centres by large and complex financial institutions over the last two decades, represents a radical change in the international financial system. Such a systemic change may increase the likelihood of the outbreak of financial crises. Financial crises may not only result from bad policies by afflicted countries, but may also be the product of systemic dysfunction. In this context, the call for the the outright and
Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Aug 28, 2001
Awraq: Estudios sobre el mundo árabe e islámico contemporáneo, 2017
espanolEl modelo de politica economica neoliberal se centra en el crecimiento rapido, asumiendo q... more espanolEl modelo de politica economica neoliberal se centra en el crecimiento rapido, asumiendo que los beneficios del crecimiento llegaran por goteo hasta los estratos mas amplios de la poblacion. En realidad, en lugar de filtrarse poco a poco, este modelo ha generado una caida en forma de desempleo masivo, amplia desigualdad y pobreza en aumento. Las RSS se han ampliado para responder a dicha caida. Echando mano de la propia experiencia de Egipto durante los ultimos 10-15 anos, destacamos la necesidad de evitar una caida economica y social (desempleo, desigualdad y pobreza). Esto es mas factible si se incorpora al proceso de formulacion de politicas la justicia social, como demuestra la experiencia del autor como ministro de 2010 a 2012. EnglishThe neoliberal economic policy model focuses on fast growth, assuming that the benefits of growth will trickle down to the broader strata of the population. Actually, instead of trickle-down such model generated a fall-out in the form of massive unemployment, large inequality, and increasing poverty. Social safety nets (SSNs) were expanded to deal with the fall-out. Drawing on Egypt's own experience over the past 10-15 years, we stress the need to avoid the economic and social fall-out (unemployment, inequality and poverty). This is better done if social justice is factored into the process of policy making, as shown by the author's experience as a minister during 2010-2012.
Topics in Middle Eastern andNorth African Economies, 2014
This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals and Magazines at Loyola e... more This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals and Magazines at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact
The American University in Cairo Press eBooks, Nov 29, 2022
Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Aug 28, 2001
Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Aug 28, 2001
Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Aug 28, 2001
Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Aug 28, 2001
Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Aug 28, 2001
Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Aug 28, 2001
Social Problems, Apr 1, 1981
The argument here is that infitah is not a forcing open of a previously closed economy, but a res... more The argument here is that infitah is not a forcing open of a previously closed economy, but a restructuring of its economic relations. Egypt is not simply looking outside but, rather, turning northwest toward the United States and Europe. Internal evidence of this new orientation ...
Energy Economics, 1988
... He would also like to thank Mr Mostafa Mahdi and Ms Somaia Abou El Fotouh for assisting with ... more ... He would also like to thank Mr Mostafa Mahdi and Ms Somaia Abou El Fotouh for assisting with computer work and Ms Ghada Shuman for ... 22 Abdelmohsen AG Ibrahim, Highlighting the Main Features of Egypt's Petroleum Sector Plans, TAP Report 831, September 1982. ...
Journal of Developing Societies, Oct 1, 2007
This article assesses the impact of the fast economic growth and expansion of China on the Middle... more This article assesses the impact of the fast economic growth and expansion of China on the Middle East. It examines the evolution of the profi le of the Middle East during 1995-2004 in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth, energy resources and potential, commodity structure of the foreign trade of the Middle East, its main trade partners and China's role in the international trade of the region. The importance of the Middle East for China's economy from 1995 to 2004 is discussed, including trade in goods and services, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and supplies of energy and raw materials. Trade competition and/or collaboration between the Middle East and China, especially since the accession of China to the World Trade Organization (WTO), are also considered. Finally, China's impact on the Middle East is analysed by looking into trade, capital fl ows, labour fl ows, energy and raw materials and competition in the domestic and international markets with respect to goods and services. Indirect effects of China as a global player on the Middle East may also play a role, mainly through the big player in the Middle East: the United States.
Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Aug 28, 2001
Review of Economic and Political Science, Nov 6, 2019
Purpose-The relationship between military expenditure and economic growth is complex. The purpose... more Purpose-The relationship between military expenditure and economic growth is complex. The purpose of this paper is to examine this relationship in India. Design/methodology/approach-The design of this study is descriptive in the theoretical part, and quantitative in the applied one. The study uses time series approach, and Hendry General-to-Specific (GTS) modeling methodology, to examine and analyze the relationship between military expenditure and economic growth in India, during the period 1980-2016. Findings-The study shows the following: Absence of causal relationship between military expenditure and economic growth in India, during indicated period. The continuous regional tensions facing India represent the main factor for adopting Indian military strategy and emphasizing military capabilities. India has been able to build and develop links between civilian and military sectors. The Indian military scientific and manufacturing policies have achieved self-sufficiency in some of its military needs, a strong military industrial base and high levels of military exports. India participated with developed countries in military strategic industries. Such participation contributed to the integration of civilian and military sectors. India gave rights to private sector and foreign direct investment (FDI) for manufacturing in military industries, giving full marketing rights to the Indian government. These new policies considered a great move toward deep changes for Indian military manufacturing policy. Social implications-The findings shed light on the importance of stimulating links between civilian and military sectors, particularly in the industrial sectors and scientific activities. Originality/value-This study has a contribution to literature of military expenditures' economic effects. Theoretically, this study tries to fill the research gap regarding the impact of military expenditure in Indian case. Furthermore, to the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that examines the relationship between military expenditure and economic growth in India using Hendry general-to-specific (GTS) modeling methodology and time series approach.
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2011
Despite relatively positive economic performance in the years prior to the global economic and fi... more Despite relatively positive economic performance in the years prior to the global economic and financial crisis, countries in the Mediterranean basin face important employment and labour market challenges. The unemployment rate especially amongst youth is one of the highest in the world and their labour markets are characterized by high incidence of underemployment, employment in the informal economy and poor working conditions. The gender gap, particularly the low labour force participation of women, is a major challenge. Limited opportunities for productive employment together with more demand for labour in European countries have resulted in labour migration from East and South Mediterranean countries towards the Northern shore of the Mediterranean. The recent global economic and financial crisis led to economic downturn at varying degree in different countries, however, it shed light on the structural challenges of unemployment, poverty and inequality. In the current political, economic and social context giving effect to the ILO Global Jobs Pact adopted in the 98th Session of the International Labour Conference (June 2009) is of paramount in order to promote productive employment and decent work in these countries. The promotion of productive employment and decent work is high on the agenda of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership and is an utmost priority in the countries of the region. At the first Euro-Mediterranean Employment and Labour Ministers Conference in 2008 Ministers highlighted the urgency of challenges relating to employment, investment in human capital, and decent work for all and committed themselves to a Framework of Actions which would "contribute to developing a genuine social dimension within the Euro-Med agenda". The European Union has long actively supported the uptake of decent work as a global goal. As part of the Renewed Social Agenda the European Commission has "reaffirmed its commitment to promoting the internationally-agreed Decent Work Agenda, including through cooperation with the ILO and other partners, and the mobilisation of all relevant policies". Furthermore, cooperation to enhance the response to the economic crisis has been recently intensified between both institutions. Against this backdrop, the International Labour Office (ILO) and the European Commission (EC Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities) developed a joint action oriented research project on "Expanding the knowledge base on decent work in Mediterranean countries." The research undertaken focused on three main themes: 1) economic growth and employment; 2) labour market policies and 3) labour migration. The findings from the research are of great interest for policymakers as well as researchers and are reproduced in a series of working papers. They open up new avenues for research under future programmes. This synthesis report, written by Gouda Abdel-Khalek, Professor of Economics of the Faculty of Economics of Cairo University, analyzes the nature of growth, economic policies and employment as well as its linkages in four Middle East and North African countries: Egypt, Israel, Morocco and Turkey taking into account the pervasive effects of the global economic and financial crisis. The first part of the report describes the overall trends in growth and employment and the main macroeconomic frameworks of the four countries. The second section provides an overview of the main employment and labour market outcomes. The third section is devoted to the growth employment and poverty nexus. It includes an analysis of the productivity-growth nexus as well as the growthvi employment elasticities in the four countries. Section five reviews the impact of the global financial and economic crisis in the economies and labour markets of the four countries. The last section is devoted to policy recommendations that can contribute to enhance the employment content of economic growth. The report largely draws on the findings of five "country reports", namely:
Social Science Research Network, 2003
The literature on globalizationon has rapidly mushroomed over the past 10 years. Public fora conc... more The literature on globalizationon has rapidly mushroomed over the past 10 years. Public fora concerned with the issue span the whole spectrum between the World Economic Forum in Davos and the World Social Forum in Porto Allegro. Anti-globalization movements are to be found almost everywhere around the globe-both North and South. 1 This indicates clearly that globalization has come to be a very controversial categorywith many who are solidly for it, and those who strongly, sometimes even violently, oppose it. We are not concerned here with public (popular) action related to globalization. Our interest is rather in the globalization discourse: making a contribution to the debate by emphasizing some aspects of the view of the South on the issue-with special emphasis on financial globalization and its implications for financial crises. We shall argue that the increased use of derivatives, particularly through over the counter trading and offshore financial centres by large and complex financial institutions over the last two decades, represents a radical change in the international financial system. Such a systemic change may increase the likelihood of the outbreak of financial crises. Financial crises may not only result from bad policies by afflicted countries, but may also be the product of systemic dysfunction. In this context, the call for the the outright and