Govinda Sapkota - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Uploads
Book Reviews by Govinda Sapkota
Feminist methodology mainly focuses to capture the experiences of women and others who have been ... more Feminist methodology mainly focuses to capture the experiences of women and others who have been marginalized in academic research. Feminist methodology, includes a wide range of methods, approaches, and research strategies.Reflexivity and research for social change are two of the most important aspects of feminist methodology that distinguishes it from other modes of research.Feminist methodology is open to critique and responsive to the changing dynamics of power that shape women's lives and those of others who have been traditionally marginalized within academia. Feminist researchers often act as innovators who are quick to develop new research approaches and frameworks.
• This article identifies five key considerations for adopting and mainstreaming intersectionalit... more • This article identifies five key considerations for adopting and mainstreaming intersectionality.
I. The Concept and Language of Intersectionality
II. The Subject of Analysis: From Identity and Categories to Processes and Systems
a) Identities of Individuals and Social Groups
b) Categories of Difference
c) Processes of Differentiation and Systems of Domination
III. The Complexity of the Subject Formation and Power: Situated Comparisons
IV. Models of Intersectional-Type Analysis: A Matrix of Meaning-Making
V. The Choice of Interactions: Centering Power
• The mainstreaming of intersectionality benefits political science and other social sciences because it expands and deepens the tools available to conduct, catalogue, and interpret research.
Gender is socially constructed and constituted through different social processes. For individual... more Gender is socially constructed and constituted through different social processes. For individual gender means sameness,for society gender means difference, and gender as process stratification and structure.
There it is seen gender inequality, discrimination and male is dominant character aswell as valued in everyday life. However, gender roles are changing by the time.
• Race and gender intersect in shaping structural and political aspects of violence against women... more • Race and gender intersect in shaping structural and political aspects of violence against women of color.
Two issues;
✓ Structural intersectionality
✓ Political intersectionality,
• Intersectionality as a way to articulate the interaction of racism and patriarchy generally.
• To understand citizenship rights within this wide range of opinion • This chapter establish the... more • To understand citizenship rights within this wide range of opinion
• This chapter establish the logic of citizenship rights through different points.
-EXPANDING CITIZENSHIP RIGHTS THEORY
-THE NATURE OF CITIZENSHIP RIGHTS
-CITIZENSHIP RIGHTS AND PRIOR THEORETICAL DIFFICULTIES
-CLARIFYING CITIZENSHIP RIGHTS AS RIGHTS
-PERSONHOOD AND THE RIGHT To RECOGNISED AS AS CITIZEN
-Conclusion On Rights
•The purpose of this article is to advance a new understanding of gender as a routine accomplishm... more •The purpose of this article is to advance a new understanding of gender as a routine accomplishment embedded in everyday interaction.
•The aim in this article is to propose an ethnomethodological informed, and therefore distinctively sociological, understanding of gender as a routine, methodical, and recurring accomplishment.
• Gender is performed in interactions and that behaviors are assessed based on socially accepted conceptions of gender.
•intersectionality is reviewed by scholars in their own perspectives •Six dilemmas ~critical real... more •intersectionality is reviewed by scholars in their own perspectives
•Six dilemmas ~critical realism and on complexity theory in order to find answers to the dilemmas in intersectionality theory.
•Unresolved Theoretical Dilemmas
•Structural and Political Intersectionality
•Categories or Social Relations?
•Fluidity or Stability?
•Class and Non-class Inequalities
•Competing or Cooperating Projects?
•Sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females •Gender is a term ... more •Sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females
•Gender is a term that refers to social or cultural distinctions associated with being male or female.
✓SEXUAL ORIENTATION
✓GENDER ROLES
✓GENDER IDENTITY
✓GENDER AND SOCIALIZATION
✓SOCIAL STRATIFICATION AND INEQUALITY
✓TIMELINE-FORMS OF GENDER INEQUALITY
•Gender socialization occurs through four major agents of socialization: family, education, peer groups, and mass media.
Citizenship includes civil, political, and social citizenship. Marshall analyzes citizenship as c... more Citizenship includes civil, political, and social citizenship.
Marshall analyzes citizenship as consisting of three types of rights: civil, political, and social.
•T. H. Marshall: Citizenship, Social Class, and the Nation-State
• Limits of Marshall's account of citizenship
• Citizenship, Wealth, and Poverty
• • The first of July 1949 marks the fact that the Communist Party of China has already lived t... more •
• The first of July 1949 marks the fact that the Communist Party of China has already lived through twenty-eight years.
• It was through the Russians that the Chinese found Marxism. Before the October Revolution, the Chinese were not only ignorant of Lenin and Stalin, they did not even know of Marx and Engels. The salvoes of the October Revolution brought us Marxism-Leninism.
the principal and fundamental experience the Chinese people have gained two-fold:
a. Internally, arouses the masses of the people. That is, unite the working class, the peasantry, the urban petty bourgeoisie, and the national bourgeoisie, based on the alliance of workers and peasants.
Externally, unite in a common struggle with those nations of the world which treat us as equals and unite with the peoples of all countries form an international united front.
It is the people's democratic dictatorship under the leadership of the working class (through the Communist Party) and based upon the alliance of workers and peasants.
In accordance with Liah Greenfeld and Jonathan Eastwood in "Nationalism in Comparative Perspect... more In accordance with Liah Greenfeld and Jonathan Eastwood in "Nationalism in Comparative Perspective"(2005) focused largely on the types and nature of nationalism and its main implications for political action.
Furthermore,The scientific study of nationalism, like that of all social phenomena.
Similarly same as all cultural phenomena, nationalism is fundamentally a symbolic reality taking place in time. Logically, it is apparent that, given that
nationalism is fundamentally and idea, it enters a society one mind at a time.
Unit IV
Establishing the Rule of Law (2001) ,Susan Rose-Ackerman states Reasons of State Failure and about Rule of Law and Priorities for Reform
Unit V
Ready or Not: The Developing World and Globalization (2000), Merilee S. Grindle presented specially National and International Sources of Vulnerability, moreover she argues developing nations should pay special attention in policymaking and implementation to achieve the highest benefits of globalization and economic prosperity.
1.1. A changing context and the emergence of the concept 1.2. A question of terminology? 1.... more 1.1. A changing context and the emergence of the concept 1.2. A question of terminology? 1.3. The meaning and use of the term social exclusion 1.4. Exclusion and poverty: The extension of their use 1.5. Acceptance in European and international bodies
It has often been said the Marx fashioned his doctrine out of three major elements: German ideali... more It has often been said the Marx fashioned his doctrine out of three major elements: German idealism, especially in its Hegelian version, French socialist tradition, and British political economy. • Though not incorrect, this is hardly the whole truth. Other streams of thought, primarily the German and French Enlightenment, were equally important to him.
Feminist methodology mainly focuses to capture the experiences of women and others who have been ... more Feminist methodology mainly focuses to capture the experiences of women and others who have been marginalized in academic research. Feminist methodology, includes a wide range of methods, approaches, and research strategies.Reflexivity and research for social change are two of the most important aspects of feminist methodology that distinguishes it from other modes of research.Feminist methodology is open to critique and responsive to the changing dynamics of power that shape women's lives and those of others who have been traditionally marginalized within academia. Feminist researchers often act as innovators who are quick to develop new research approaches and frameworks.
• This article identifies five key considerations for adopting and mainstreaming intersectionalit... more • This article identifies five key considerations for adopting and mainstreaming intersectionality.
I. The Concept and Language of Intersectionality
II. The Subject of Analysis: From Identity and Categories to Processes and Systems
a) Identities of Individuals and Social Groups
b) Categories of Difference
c) Processes of Differentiation and Systems of Domination
III. The Complexity of the Subject Formation and Power: Situated Comparisons
IV. Models of Intersectional-Type Analysis: A Matrix of Meaning-Making
V. The Choice of Interactions: Centering Power
• The mainstreaming of intersectionality benefits political science and other social sciences because it expands and deepens the tools available to conduct, catalogue, and interpret research.
Gender is socially constructed and constituted through different social processes. For individual... more Gender is socially constructed and constituted through different social processes. For individual gender means sameness,for society gender means difference, and gender as process stratification and structure.
There it is seen gender inequality, discrimination and male is dominant character aswell as valued in everyday life. However, gender roles are changing by the time.
• Race and gender intersect in shaping structural and political aspects of violence against women... more • Race and gender intersect in shaping structural and political aspects of violence against women of color.
Two issues;
✓ Structural intersectionality
✓ Political intersectionality,
• Intersectionality as a way to articulate the interaction of racism and patriarchy generally.
• To understand citizenship rights within this wide range of opinion • This chapter establish the... more • To understand citizenship rights within this wide range of opinion
• This chapter establish the logic of citizenship rights through different points.
-EXPANDING CITIZENSHIP RIGHTS THEORY
-THE NATURE OF CITIZENSHIP RIGHTS
-CITIZENSHIP RIGHTS AND PRIOR THEORETICAL DIFFICULTIES
-CLARIFYING CITIZENSHIP RIGHTS AS RIGHTS
-PERSONHOOD AND THE RIGHT To RECOGNISED AS AS CITIZEN
-Conclusion On Rights
•The purpose of this article is to advance a new understanding of gender as a routine accomplishm... more •The purpose of this article is to advance a new understanding of gender as a routine accomplishment embedded in everyday interaction.
•The aim in this article is to propose an ethnomethodological informed, and therefore distinctively sociological, understanding of gender as a routine, methodical, and recurring accomplishment.
• Gender is performed in interactions and that behaviors are assessed based on socially accepted conceptions of gender.
•intersectionality is reviewed by scholars in their own perspectives •Six dilemmas ~critical real... more •intersectionality is reviewed by scholars in their own perspectives
•Six dilemmas ~critical realism and on complexity theory in order to find answers to the dilemmas in intersectionality theory.
•Unresolved Theoretical Dilemmas
•Structural and Political Intersectionality
•Categories or Social Relations?
•Fluidity or Stability?
•Class and Non-class Inequalities
•Competing or Cooperating Projects?
•Sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females •Gender is a term ... more •Sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females
•Gender is a term that refers to social or cultural distinctions associated with being male or female.
✓SEXUAL ORIENTATION
✓GENDER ROLES
✓GENDER IDENTITY
✓GENDER AND SOCIALIZATION
✓SOCIAL STRATIFICATION AND INEQUALITY
✓TIMELINE-FORMS OF GENDER INEQUALITY
•Gender socialization occurs through four major agents of socialization: family, education, peer groups, and mass media.
Citizenship includes civil, political, and social citizenship. Marshall analyzes citizenship as c... more Citizenship includes civil, political, and social citizenship.
Marshall analyzes citizenship as consisting of three types of rights: civil, political, and social.
•T. H. Marshall: Citizenship, Social Class, and the Nation-State
• Limits of Marshall's account of citizenship
• Citizenship, Wealth, and Poverty
• • The first of July 1949 marks the fact that the Communist Party of China has already lived t... more •
• The first of July 1949 marks the fact that the Communist Party of China has already lived through twenty-eight years.
• It was through the Russians that the Chinese found Marxism. Before the October Revolution, the Chinese were not only ignorant of Lenin and Stalin, they did not even know of Marx and Engels. The salvoes of the October Revolution brought us Marxism-Leninism.
the principal and fundamental experience the Chinese people have gained two-fold:
a. Internally, arouses the masses of the people. That is, unite the working class, the peasantry, the urban petty bourgeoisie, and the national bourgeoisie, based on the alliance of workers and peasants.
Externally, unite in a common struggle with those nations of the world which treat us as equals and unite with the peoples of all countries form an international united front.
It is the people's democratic dictatorship under the leadership of the working class (through the Communist Party) and based upon the alliance of workers and peasants.
In accordance with Liah Greenfeld and Jonathan Eastwood in "Nationalism in Comparative Perspect... more In accordance with Liah Greenfeld and Jonathan Eastwood in "Nationalism in Comparative Perspective"(2005) focused largely on the types and nature of nationalism and its main implications for political action.
Furthermore,The scientific study of nationalism, like that of all social phenomena.
Similarly same as all cultural phenomena, nationalism is fundamentally a symbolic reality taking place in time. Logically, it is apparent that, given that
nationalism is fundamentally and idea, it enters a society one mind at a time.
Unit IV
Establishing the Rule of Law (2001) ,Susan Rose-Ackerman states Reasons of State Failure and about Rule of Law and Priorities for Reform
Unit V
Ready or Not: The Developing World and Globalization (2000), Merilee S. Grindle presented specially National and International Sources of Vulnerability, moreover she argues developing nations should pay special attention in policymaking and implementation to achieve the highest benefits of globalization and economic prosperity.
1.1. A changing context and the emergence of the concept 1.2. A question of terminology? 1.... more 1.1. A changing context and the emergence of the concept 1.2. A question of terminology? 1.3. The meaning and use of the term social exclusion 1.4. Exclusion and poverty: The extension of their use 1.5. Acceptance in European and international bodies
It has often been said the Marx fashioned his doctrine out of three major elements: German ideali... more It has often been said the Marx fashioned his doctrine out of three major elements: German idealism, especially in its Hegelian version, French socialist tradition, and British political economy. • Though not incorrect, this is hardly the whole truth. Other streams of thought, primarily the German and French Enlightenment, were equally important to him.
5 August 1895) was German philosopher, political theorist, historian, journalist, and revolutiona... more 5 August 1895) was German philosopher, political theorist, historian, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. He was a businessman and Karl Marx's closest friend and collaborator. Karl Marx (German: 5 May 1818-14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, economist, political theorist, historian, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. His bestknown works are the 1848 pamphlet The Communist Manifesto (with Friedrich Engels) and the three-volume Das Kapital (1867-1894) MARX & ENGELS CONTENTS 1. A brief biography of KARL MARX 2.Major Works 3.Marxist Perspective and Marxism 4.The historical context of the rise of Karl Marx 5. Intellectual context of the rise of Marxism 6. The social context in the rise of Marxist Perspective 7. The Key features of Marxist perspective 8. Class struggle through five stages 9. Communism and Socialism 10. Critique of Marxist Perspective KARL MARX 1. A brief biography of KARL MARX Karl Marx was born in 1818 in the town of Treves in the Rhineland (Germany), He was born to Jewish parents who later converted to Christianity when Karl was six. Marx studied at the University of Berlin and in 1841 he received his doctorate for his dissertation on the philosophies of Democritus and Epicurus. Afterwards, Marx became a journalist, since his radical views and ideas were incompatible (conflicting) with an academic career, and in 1842 he became the editor of the newspaper called Rheinische Zeitung.
Immanuel Wallerstein's World-Systems Theory represents a seminal contribution to the understandin... more Immanuel Wallerstein's World-Systems Theory represents a seminal contribution to the understanding of global economic dynamics and social structures. His framework posits that the world is divided into a core, semi-periphery, and periphery, where economic and political inequalities perpetuate a global capitalist system. Theda Skocpol, a prominent sociologist and political scientist, offers a nuanced critique of Wallerstein's theory by examining its theoretical foundations and historical applicability. Skocpol’s critique emphasizes both the strengths and limitations of Wallerstein's framework, contributing to a more refined understanding of global capitalism and its historical development. Skocpol’s critique of Wallerstein’s World-Systems Theory is both a recognition of its contributions and a call for a more integrated approach. She appreciates Wallerstein’s insights into global capitalism but argues for incorporating a broader understanding of domestic political structures, state capacities, and historical contingencies. By integrating these elements, scholars can develop a more comprehensive view of how global and local factors interact to shape economic and social outcomes.
~Presents this CHARTER for action to achieve Health for All by the year 2000 and beyond. ~PREREQU... more ~Presents this CHARTER for action to achieve Health for All by the year 2000 and beyond.
~PREREQUISITES FOR HEALTH
~ Five key action areas in Health Promotion
~ Three basic HP strategies
~HP logo
•The root term "intersection" refers to an action of crossing (originated from French intersectio... more •The root term "intersection" refers to an action of crossing (originated from French intersection, or Latin intersectionem). In English, originally this is a term used in geometry; meaning "crossroads, a place of crossing." •Intersection, thus, refers to a point where two or more entities crosscut one another.
•There are multiple categories (factors, attributes and processes) at work for the development of social identity of any group of people (or an individual).
•Intersection is something more than just overlaps and overlays. Intersectionality, hence, is an active and dynamic social process of forming personhood.
• Social identities are mutable - they are not fixed, they are not unchanged. The durability and permanency of social identities that people perceive as temporary.
• This article identifies five key considerations for adopting and mainstreaming intersectionalit... more • This article identifies five key considerations for adopting and mainstreaming intersectionality.
I. The Concept and Language of Intersectionality
II. The Subject of Analysis: From Identity and Categories to Processes and Systems
a) Identities of Individuals and Social Groups
b) Categories of Difference
c) Processes of Differentiation and Systems of Domination
III. The Complexity of the Subject Formation and Power: Situated Comparisons
IV. Models of Intersectional-Type Analysis: A Matrix of Meaning-Making
V. The Choice of Interactions: Centering Power
• The mainstreaming of intersectionality benefits political science and other social sciences because it expands and deepens the tools available to conduct, catalogue, and interpret research.