Graham Hitch - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Graham Hitch

Research paper thumbnail of The recency effect

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Research paper thumbnail of Working memory in perspective: Foreword

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Research paper thumbnail of Chapter 3 Commentary: Mathematical Cognition and Fuzzy-Trace Theory

Elsevier eBooks, 1993

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a commentary on a study of mathematical cognition and fuz... more Publisher Summary This chapter presents a commentary on a study of mathematical cognition and fuzzy-trace theory. Reyna and Brainerd's chapter describes the fuzzy-trace theory of reasoning-remembering relationships in cognitive development and reviews some of the growing and diverse body of evidence that supports the theory. The chapter discusses applications of the theory to mathematical reasoning. As fuzzy-trace theory is clearly an important and original contribution to the study of the development of reasoning and memory, this chapter focuses upon the theory itself. The chapter begins by summarizing some of its most interesting aspects, and discusses its applicability to mathematics. Some outstanding issues for the theory are discussed, and a suggestion for an alternative way of capitalizing on its insights is presented. Piaget largely ignored the role of memory in reasoning in his comprehensive and influential theory of cognitive development. One of the reasons fuzzy-trace theory is particularly interesting is that it causes us to question seriously what has previously been regarded as the established relationship between memory and reasoning. The theory does this by assuming there are two fundamentally different types of memory trace; “verbatim traces” that preserve literal information and “fuzzy traces” that preserve gist. Two conceptual issues raised by fuzzy-trace theory concern the basis of reasoning-remembering relationships and the conditions under which independence holds.

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Research paper thumbnail of Working Memory

Elsevier eBooks, 1977

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Research paper thumbnail of The development of working memory: preface

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Research paper thumbnail of Editor of: Working Memory: A Special Issue of "The Quarterly Journal Of Experimental Psychology: Section A" (Special Issues of the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Section A)

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Research paper thumbnail of The Assessment of Children's Working Memory Span: When Peripheral Details Are Not So Peripheral

PsycEXTRA Dataset, 2007

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Research paper thumbnail of How is the serial order of a visual sequence represented? Insights from transposition latencies

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, Feb 1, 2018

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Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Reference Domain in Children’s Comprehension of Coordinate Graphs

Springer eBooks, 1983

Coordinate graphs provide a visual representation of the relationship between two variables. By e... more Coordinate graphs provide a visual representation of the relationship between two variables. By examining appropriate visual features of the graph the skilled user can readily extract details of the relationship such as maxima, minima, rates of change. These graphical features are independent of the variables plotted and constitute the elements of the ‘spatial syntax’ of graphical representation. However, in order for the user to understand and interpret any practical graph it is necessary for him to know the names of the variables, their assignment to the coordinates and the nature of the ‘reference domain’ from which they are drawn.

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Research paper thumbnail of Principles from the psychology of memory: Part I-Working memory

John Wiley & Sons, Inc. eBooks, Jun 1, 1987

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Research paper thumbnail of Recency Reexamined

Routledge eBooks, May 19, 2022

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Research paper thumbnail of Maintaining task set against distraction: The role of working memory in multitasking

Psychology and Neuroscience, Mar 1, 2019

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Research paper thumbnail of Working memory. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning andmotivation: Advances in research and theory (Vol. 8, pp. 47-89)

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Research paper thumbnail of Computational Models of Working Memory for Language

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Jul 31, 2022

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Research paper thumbnail of A Multicomponent Model of Working Memory

Oxford University Press eBooks, Nov 5, 2020

The multicomponent model aims to provide a broad theoretical framework enabling both more detaile... more The multicomponent model aims to provide a broad theoretical framework enabling both more detailed fractionation and analysis of its components, and a capacity for it be used fruitfully beyond the laboratory. In its current form it comprises four interacting components. Two of these are modality-specific memory storage systems, one verbal-acoustic, the phonological loop, and one visuospatial, the sketchpad. Information in both these stores can be temporarily maintained via focused attention termed ‘refreshing’, while the phonological loop can also maintain familiar verbalizable material by subvocal or overt rehearsal. Both subsystems are controlled by a third component, the central executive, a supervisory system with limited resources. The central executive is principally concerned with internally directed attentional control processes but also has a role in the attentional selection of perceptual information. Information from these three components is coordinated with information from perception and long-term memory through the fourth component, a multidimensional, multimodal episodic buffer. This component is capable of holding up to around four episodic chunks, and is a valuable but essentially passive storage system, controlled by the central executive and accessible to conscious awareness. The multicomponent model has been systematically developed using a number of experimental tools. These include, principally, similarity effects to identify the type of coding involved, concurrent task methods to assess the contributions of the various subsystems to complex tasks, and neuropsychological evidence, in particular from the study of single cases with very specific deficits. The model continues to evolve and has proved successful both in accounting for a broad range of data on memory and related cognitive areas and in its application to the understanding of a wide range of cognitive activities and populations.

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Research paper thumbnail of Visual working memory phenomena based on categorical tasks replicate using a continuous measure: A simple interpretation and some methodological considerations

Attention, perception & psychophysics, Feb 8, 2023

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Research paper thumbnail of Detecting accelerated long-term forgetting: A problem and some solutions

Cortex, Sep 1, 2021

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Research paper thumbnail of Executive Control and the Episodic Buffer

PsycEXTRA Dataset, 2007

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Research paper thumbnail of Vocabulary limitations undermine bilingual children’s reading comprehension despite bilingual cognitive strengths

Reading and Writing

Previous research reported bilingual cognitive strengths in working memory, executive function an... more Previous research reported bilingual cognitive strengths in working memory, executive function and novel-word learning skills (Bialystok in Psychol Bull 143:233–262, 2017; Kaushanskaya and Marian in Psychon Bull Rev 16:705–710, 2009). These skills should also support bilingual children’s vocabulary and reading development, yet bilingual children show weaknesses in their second language vocabulary and reading comprehension skills. Our primary aim was to clarify these seemingly paradoxical reports by investigating the cognitive strengths and weaknesses associated with both bilingual experience and reading comprehension in a single study. The participants were 102 English-speaking monolingual children and 104 Hindi/Urdu-English speaking bilingual children (mean age = 118.26 months, SD = 11.23 months) in the UK. We tested children’s vocabulary, working memory, executive function (cognitive inhibition, updating memory), novel-word learning, and reading skills. All testing was conducted i...

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Research paper thumbnail of The Impact of Verbal Articulatory Suppression on Memory for Tones

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Research paper thumbnail of The recency effect

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Research paper thumbnail of Working memory in perspective: Foreword

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Research paper thumbnail of Chapter 3 Commentary: Mathematical Cognition and Fuzzy-Trace Theory

Elsevier eBooks, 1993

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a commentary on a study of mathematical cognition and fuz... more Publisher Summary This chapter presents a commentary on a study of mathematical cognition and fuzzy-trace theory. Reyna and Brainerd's chapter describes the fuzzy-trace theory of reasoning-remembering relationships in cognitive development and reviews some of the growing and diverse body of evidence that supports the theory. The chapter discusses applications of the theory to mathematical reasoning. As fuzzy-trace theory is clearly an important and original contribution to the study of the development of reasoning and memory, this chapter focuses upon the theory itself. The chapter begins by summarizing some of its most interesting aspects, and discusses its applicability to mathematics. Some outstanding issues for the theory are discussed, and a suggestion for an alternative way of capitalizing on its insights is presented. Piaget largely ignored the role of memory in reasoning in his comprehensive and influential theory of cognitive development. One of the reasons fuzzy-trace theory is particularly interesting is that it causes us to question seriously what has previously been regarded as the established relationship between memory and reasoning. The theory does this by assuming there are two fundamentally different types of memory trace; “verbatim traces” that preserve literal information and “fuzzy traces” that preserve gist. Two conceptual issues raised by fuzzy-trace theory concern the basis of reasoning-remembering relationships and the conditions under which independence holds.

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Research paper thumbnail of Working Memory

Elsevier eBooks, 1977

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Research paper thumbnail of The development of working memory: preface

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Research paper thumbnail of Editor of: Working Memory: A Special Issue of "The Quarterly Journal Of Experimental Psychology: Section A" (Special Issues of the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Section A)

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Research paper thumbnail of The Assessment of Children's Working Memory Span: When Peripheral Details Are Not So Peripheral

PsycEXTRA Dataset, 2007

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Research paper thumbnail of How is the serial order of a visual sequence represented? Insights from transposition latencies

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, Feb 1, 2018

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Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Reference Domain in Children’s Comprehension of Coordinate Graphs

Springer eBooks, 1983

Coordinate graphs provide a visual representation of the relationship between two variables. By e... more Coordinate graphs provide a visual representation of the relationship between two variables. By examining appropriate visual features of the graph the skilled user can readily extract details of the relationship such as maxima, minima, rates of change. These graphical features are independent of the variables plotted and constitute the elements of the ‘spatial syntax’ of graphical representation. However, in order for the user to understand and interpret any practical graph it is necessary for him to know the names of the variables, their assignment to the coordinates and the nature of the ‘reference domain’ from which they are drawn.

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Research paper thumbnail of Principles from the psychology of memory: Part I-Working memory

John Wiley & Sons, Inc. eBooks, Jun 1, 1987

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Research paper thumbnail of Recency Reexamined

Routledge eBooks, May 19, 2022

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Research paper thumbnail of Maintaining task set against distraction: The role of working memory in multitasking

Psychology and Neuroscience, Mar 1, 2019

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Research paper thumbnail of Working memory. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning andmotivation: Advances in research and theory (Vol. 8, pp. 47-89)

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Computational Models of Working Memory for Language

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Jul 31, 2022

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of A Multicomponent Model of Working Memory

Oxford University Press eBooks, Nov 5, 2020

The multicomponent model aims to provide a broad theoretical framework enabling both more detaile... more The multicomponent model aims to provide a broad theoretical framework enabling both more detailed fractionation and analysis of its components, and a capacity for it be used fruitfully beyond the laboratory. In its current form it comprises four interacting components. Two of these are modality-specific memory storage systems, one verbal-acoustic, the phonological loop, and one visuospatial, the sketchpad. Information in both these stores can be temporarily maintained via focused attention termed ‘refreshing’, while the phonological loop can also maintain familiar verbalizable material by subvocal or overt rehearsal. Both subsystems are controlled by a third component, the central executive, a supervisory system with limited resources. The central executive is principally concerned with internally directed attentional control processes but also has a role in the attentional selection of perceptual information. Information from these three components is coordinated with information from perception and long-term memory through the fourth component, a multidimensional, multimodal episodic buffer. This component is capable of holding up to around four episodic chunks, and is a valuable but essentially passive storage system, controlled by the central executive and accessible to conscious awareness. The multicomponent model has been systematically developed using a number of experimental tools. These include, principally, similarity effects to identify the type of coding involved, concurrent task methods to assess the contributions of the various subsystems to complex tasks, and neuropsychological evidence, in particular from the study of single cases with very specific deficits. The model continues to evolve and has proved successful both in accounting for a broad range of data on memory and related cognitive areas and in its application to the understanding of a wide range of cognitive activities and populations.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Visual working memory phenomena based on categorical tasks replicate using a continuous measure: A simple interpretation and some methodological considerations

Attention, perception & psychophysics, Feb 8, 2023

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Detecting accelerated long-term forgetting: A problem and some solutions

Cortex, Sep 1, 2021

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Executive Control and the Episodic Buffer

PsycEXTRA Dataset, 2007

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Vocabulary limitations undermine bilingual children’s reading comprehension despite bilingual cognitive strengths

Reading and Writing

Previous research reported bilingual cognitive strengths in working memory, executive function an... more Previous research reported bilingual cognitive strengths in working memory, executive function and novel-word learning skills (Bialystok in Psychol Bull 143:233–262, 2017; Kaushanskaya and Marian in Psychon Bull Rev 16:705–710, 2009). These skills should also support bilingual children’s vocabulary and reading development, yet bilingual children show weaknesses in their second language vocabulary and reading comprehension skills. Our primary aim was to clarify these seemingly paradoxical reports by investigating the cognitive strengths and weaknesses associated with both bilingual experience and reading comprehension in a single study. The participants were 102 English-speaking monolingual children and 104 Hindi/Urdu-English speaking bilingual children (mean age = 118.26 months, SD = 11.23 months) in the UK. We tested children’s vocabulary, working memory, executive function (cognitive inhibition, updating memory), novel-word learning, and reading skills. All testing was conducted i...

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of The Impact of Verbal Articulatory Suppression on Memory for Tones

PsycEXTRA Dataset

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact